常用oracle函數(shù)
SQL中的單記錄函數(shù) 1.ASCII 返回與指定的字符對(duì)應(yīng)的十進(jìn)制數(shù); SQL> select ascii('A') A,ascii('a') a,ascii('0') zero,ascii(' ') space from dual; ??????? A???????? A????? ZERO???? SPACE --------- --------- --------- --------- ?????? 65??????? 97??????? 48??????? 32 2.CHR 給出整數(shù),返回對(duì)應(yīng)的字符; SQL> select chr(54740) zhao,chr(65) chr65 from dual;
ZH C -- - 趙 A 3.CONCAT 連接兩個(gè)字符串; SQL> select concat('010-','88888888')||'轉(zhuǎn)23'? 高乾競(jìng)電話(huà) from dual; 高乾競(jìng)電話(huà) ---------------- 010-88888888轉(zhuǎn)23 4.INITCAP 返回字符串并將字符串的第一個(gè)字母變?yōu)榇髮?xiě); SQL> select initcap('smith') upp from dual; UPP ----- Smith 5.INSTR(C1,C2,I,J) 在一個(gè)字符串中搜索指定的字符,返回發(fā)現(xiàn)指定的字符的位置; C1??? 被搜索的字符串 C2??? 希望搜索的字符串 I???? 搜索的開(kāi)始位置,默認(rèn)為1 J???? 出現(xiàn)的位置,默認(rèn)為1 SQL> select instr('oracle traning','ra',1,2) instring from dual;
?INSTRING --------- ??????? 9 6.LENGTH 返回字符串的長(zhǎng)度; SQL> select name,length(name),addr,length(addr),sal,length(to_char(sal)) from gao.nchar_tst;
NAME?? LENGTH(NAME) ADDR???????????? LENGTH(ADDR)?????? SAL LENGTH(TO_CHAR(SAL)) ------ ------------ ---------------- ------------ --------- -------------------- 高乾競(jìng)??????????? 3 北京市海錠區(qū)??????????????? 6?? 9999.99??????????????????? 7 ? 7.LOWER 返回字符串,并將所有的字符小寫(xiě) SQL> select lower('AaBbCcDd')AaBbCcDd from dual; AABBCCDD -------- aabbccdd 8.UPPER 返回字符串,并將所有的字符大寫(xiě) SQL> select upper('AaBbCcDd') upper from dual;
UPPER -------- AABBCCDD ? 9.RPAD和LPAD(粘貼字符) RPAD? 在列的右邊粘貼字符 LPAD? 在列的左邊粘貼字符 SQL> select lpad(rpad('gao',10,'*'),17,'*')from dual; LPAD(RPAD('GAO',1 ----------------- *******gao******* 不夠字符則用*來(lái)填滿(mǎn) 10.LTRIM和RTRIM LTRIM? 刪除左邊出現(xiàn)的字符串 RTRIM? 刪除右邊出現(xiàn)的字符串 SQL> select ltrim(rtrim('?? gao qian jing?? ',' '),' ') from dual;
LTRIM(RTRIM(' ------------- gao qian jing 11.SUBSTR(string,start,count) 取子字符串,從start開(kāi)始,取count個(gè) SQL> select substr('13088888888',3,8) from dual;
SUBSTR(' -------- 08888888 12.REPLACE('string','s1','s2') string?? 希望被替換的字符或變量 s1?????? 被替換的字符串 s2?????? 要替換的字符串 SQL> select replace('he love you','he','i') from dual;
REPLACE('H ---------- i love you 13.SOUNDEX 返回一個(gè)與給定的字符串讀音相同的字符串 SQL> create table table1(xm varchar(8)); SQL> insert into table1 values('weather'); SQL> insert into table1 values('wether'); SQL> insert into table1 values('gao');
SQL> select xm from table1 where soundex(xm)=soundex('weather'); XM -------- weather wether 14.TRIM('s' from 'string') LEADING?? 剪掉前面的字符 TRAILING? 剪掉后面的字符 如果不指定,默認(rèn)為空格符
15.ABS 返回指定值的絕對(duì)值 SQL> select abs(100),abs(-100) from dual; ?ABS(100) ABS(-100) --------- --------- ????? 100?????? 100 16.ACOS 給出反余弦的值 SQL> select acos(-1) from dual;
?ACOS(-1) --------- 3.1415927 17.ASIN 給出反正弦的值 SQL> select asin(0.5) from dual;
ASIN(0.5) --------- .52359878 18.ATAN 返回一個(gè)數(shù)字的反正切值 SQL> select atan(1) from dual;
? ATAN(1) --------- .78539816 19.CEIL 返回大于或等于給出數(shù)字的最小整數(shù) SQL> select ceil(3.1415927) from dual;
CEIL(3.1415927) --------------- ????????????? 4 20.COS 返回一個(gè)給定數(shù)字的余弦 SQL> select cos(-3.1415927) from dual;
COS(-3.1415927) --------------- ???????????? -1 21.COSH 返回一個(gè)數(shù)字反余弦值 SQL> select cosh(20) from dual;
?COSH(20) --------- 242582598 22.EXP 返回一個(gè)數(shù)字e的n次方根 SQL> select exp(2),exp(1) from dual;
?? EXP(2)??? EXP(1) --------- --------- 7.3890561 2.7182818 23.FLOOR 對(duì)給定的數(shù)字取整數(shù) SQL> select floor(2345.67) from dual;
FLOOR(2345.67) -------------- ????????? 2345 24.LN 返回一個(gè)數(shù)字的對(duì)數(shù)值 SQL> select ln(1),ln(2),ln(2.7182818) from dual;
??? LN(1)???? LN(2) LN(2.7182818) --------- --------- ------------- ??????? 0 .69314718???? .99999999 25.LOG(n1,n2) 返回一個(gè)以n1為底n2的對(duì)數(shù) SQL> select log(2,1),log(2,4) from dual;
?LOG(2,1)? LOG(2,4) --------- --------- ??????? 0???????? 2 26.MOD(n1,n2) 返回一個(gè)n1除以n2的余數(shù) SQL> select mod(10,3),mod(3,3),mod(2,3) from dual;
MOD(10,3)? MOD(3,3)? MOD(2,3) --------- --------- --------- ??????? 1???????? 0???????? 2 27.POWER 返回n1的n2次方根 SQL> select power(2,10),power(3,3) from dual;
POWER(2,10) POWER(3,3) ----------- ---------- ?????? 1024???????? 27 28.ROUND和TRUNC 按照指定的精度進(jìn)行舍入 SQL> select round(55.5),round(-55.4),trunc(55.5),trunc(-55.5) from dual;
ROUND(55.5) ROUND(-55.4) TRUNC(55.5) TRUNC(-55.5) ----------- ------------ ----------- ------------ ???????? 56????????? -55????????? 55????????? -55 29.SIGN 取數(shù)字n的符號(hào),大于0返回1,小于0返回-1,等于0返回0 SQL> select sign(123),sign(-100),sign(0) from dual;
SIGN(123) SIGN(-100)?? SIGN(0) --------- ---------- --------- ??????? 1???????? -1???????? 0 30.SIN 返回一個(gè)數(shù)字的正弦值 SQL> select sin(1.57079) from dual;
SIN(1.57079) ------------ ?????????? 1 31.SIGH 返回雙曲正弦的值 SQL> select sin(20),sinh(20) from dual;
? SIN(20)? SINH(20) --------- --------- .91294525 242582598 32.SQRT 返回?cái)?shù)字n的根 SQL> select sqrt(64),sqrt(10) from dual;
?SQRT(64)? SQRT(10) --------- --------- ??????? 8 3.1622777 33.TAN 返回?cái)?shù)字的正切值 SQL> select tan(20),tan(10) from dual;
? TAN(20)?? TAN(10) --------- --------- 2.2371609 .64836083 34.TANH 返回?cái)?shù)字n的雙曲正切值 SQL> select tanh(20),tan(20) from dual;
?TANH(20)?? TAN(20) --------- --------- ??????? 1 2.2371609 ? 35.TRUNC 按照指定的精度截取一個(gè)數(shù) SQL> select trunc(124.1666,-2) trunc1,trunc(124.16666,2) from dual; ?? TRUNC1 TRUNC(124.16666,2) --------- ------------------ ????? 100???????????? 124.16 ? 36.ADD_MONTHS 增加或減去月份 SQL> select to_char(add_months(to_date('199912','yyyymm'),2),'yyyymm') from dual; TO_CHA ------ 200002 SQL> select to_char(add_months(to_date('199912','yyyymm'),-2),'yyyymm') from dual; TO_CHA ------ 199910 37.LAST_DAY 返回日期的最后一天 SQL> select to_char(sysdate,'yyyy.mm.dd'),to_char((sysdate)+1,'yyyy.mm.dd') from dual;
TO_CHAR(SY TO_CHAR((S ---------- ---------- 2004.05.09 2004.05.10 SQL> select last_day(sysdate) from dual; LAST_DAY(S ---------- 31-5月 -04 38.MONTHS_BETWEEN(date2,date1) 給出date2-date1的月份 SQL> select months_between('19-12月-1999','19-3月-1999') mon_between from dual;
MON_BETWEEN ----------- ????????? 9 SQL>selectmonths_between(to_date('2000.05.20','yyyy.mm.dd'),to_date('2005.05.20','yyyy.mm.dd')) mon_betw from dual; ?MON_BETW --------- ????? -60 39.NEW_TIME(date,'this','that') 給出在this時(shí)區(qū)=other時(shí)區(qū)的日期和時(shí)間 SQL> select to_char(sysdate,'yyyy.mm.dd hh24:mi:ss') bj_time,to_char(new_time ? 2? (sysdate,'PDT','GMT'),'yyyy.mm.dd hh24:mi:ss') los_angles from dual;
BJ_TIME???????????? LOS_ANGLES ------------------- ------------------- 2004.05.09 11:05:32 2004.05.09 18:05:32 40.NEXT_DAY(date,'day') 給出日期date和星期x之后計(jì)算下一個(gè)星期的日期 SQL> select next_day('18-5月-2001','星期五') next_day from dual;
NEXT_DAY ---------- 25-5月 -01 ? 41.SYSDATE 用來(lái)得到系統(tǒng)的當(dāng)前日期 SQL> select to_char(sysdate,'dd-mm-yyyy day') from dual; TO_CHAR(SYSDATE,' ----------------- 09-05-2004 星期日 trunc(date,fmt)按照給出的要求將日期截?cái)?如果fmt='mi'表示保留分,截?cái)嗝?br />SQL> select to_char(trunc(sysdate,'hh'),'yyyy.mm.dd hh24:mi:ss') hh, ? 2? to_char(trunc(sysdate,'mi'),'yyyy.mm.dd hh24:mi:ss') hhmm from dual; HH????????????????? HHMM ------------------- ------------------- 2004.05.09 11:00:00 2004.05.09 11:17:00 ? 42.CHARTOROWID 將字符數(shù)據(jù)類(lèi)型轉(zhuǎn)換為ROWID類(lèi)型 SQL> select rowid,rowidtochar(rowid),ename from scott.emp; ROWID????????????? ROWIDTOCHAR(ROWID) ENAME ------------------ ------------------ ---------- AAAAfKAACAAAAEqAAA AAAAfKAACAAAAEqAAA SMITH AAAAfKAACAAAAEqAAB AAAAfKAACAAAAEqAAB ALLEN AAAAfKAACAAAAEqAAC AAAAfKAACAAAAEqAAC WARD AAAAfKAACAAAAEqAAD AAAAfKAACAAAAEqAAD JONES 43.CONVERT(c,dset,sset) 將源字符串 sset從一個(gè)語(yǔ)言字符集轉(zhuǎn)換到另一個(gè)目的dset字符集 SQL> select convert('strutz','we8hp','f7dec') "conversion" from dual;
conver ------ strutz 44.HEXTORAW 將一個(gè)十六進(jìn)制構(gòu)成的字符串轉(zhuǎn)換為二進(jìn)制
45.RAWTOHEXT 將一個(gè)二進(jìn)制構(gòu)成的字符串轉(zhuǎn)換為十六進(jìn)制
? 46.ROWIDTOCHAR 將ROWID數(shù)據(jù)類(lèi)型轉(zhuǎn)換為字符類(lèi)型 ? 47.TO_CHAR(date,'format') SQL> select to_char(sysdate,'yyyy/mm/dd hh24:mi:ss') from dual; TO_CHAR(SYSDATE,'YY ------------------- 2004/05/09 21:14:41 ? 48.TO_DATE(string,'format') 將字符串轉(zhuǎn)化為ORACLE中的一個(gè)日期 49.TO_MULTI_BYTE 將字符串中的單字節(jié)字符轉(zhuǎn)化為多字節(jié)字符 SQL>? select to_multi_byte('高') from dual;
TO -- 高 50.TO_NUMBER 將給出的字符轉(zhuǎn)換為數(shù)字 SQL> select to_number('1999') year from dual;
???? YEAR --------- ???? 1999 51.BFILENAME(dir,file) 指定一個(gè)外部二進(jìn)制文件 SQL>insert into file_tb1 values(bfilename('lob_dir1','image1.gif'));
52.CONVERT('x','desc','source') 將x字段或變量的源source轉(zhuǎn)換為desc SQL> select sid,serial#,username,decode(command, ? 2? 0,'none', ? 3? 2,'insert', ? 4? 3, ? 5? 'select', ? 6? 6,'update', ? 7? 7,'delete', ? 8? 8,'drop', ? 9? 'other') cmd? from v$session where type!='background';
????? SID?? SERIAL# USERNAME?????????????????????? CMD --------- --------- ------------------------------ ------ ??????? 1???????? 1??????????????????????????????? none ??????? 2???????? 1??????????????????????????????? none ??????? 3???????? 1??????????????????????????????? none ??????? 4???????? 1??????????????????????????????? none ??????? 5???????? 1??????????????????????????????? none ??????? 6???????? 1??????????????????????????????? none ??????? 7????? 1275??????????????????????????????? none ??????? 8????? 1275??????????????????????????????? none ??????? 9??????? 20 GAO??????????????????????????? select ?????? 10??????? 40 GAO??????????????????????????? none 53.DUMP(s,fmt,start,length) DUMP函數(shù)以fmt指定的內(nèi)部數(shù)字格式返回一個(gè)VARCHAR2類(lèi)型的值 SQL> col global_name for a30 SQL> col dump_string for a50 SQL> set lin 200 SQL> select global_name,dump(global_name,1017,8,5) dump_string from global_name;
GLOBAL_NAME??????????????????? DUMP_STRING ------------------------------ -------------------------------------------------- ORACLE.WORLD?????????????????? Typ=1 Len=12 CharacterSet=ZHS16GBK: W,O,R,L,D 54.EMPTY_BLOB()和EMPTY_CLOB() 這兩個(gè)函數(shù)都是用來(lái)對(duì)大數(shù)據(jù)類(lèi)型字段進(jìn)行初始化操作的函數(shù)
55.GREATEST 返回一組表達(dá)式中的最大值,即比較字符的編碼大小. SQL> select greatest('AA','AB','AC') from dual; GR -- AC SQL> select greatest('啊','安','天') from dual; GR -- 天 56.LEAST 返回一組表達(dá)式中的最小值 SQL> select least('啊','安','天') from dual;
LE -- 啊 57.UID 返回標(biāo)識(shí)當(dāng)前用戶(hù)的唯一整數(shù) SQL> show user USER 為"GAO" SQL> select username,user_id from dba_users where user_id=uid;
USERNAME???????????????????????? USER_ID ------------------------------ --------- GAO?????????????????????????????????? 25 ? 58.USER 返回當(dāng)前用戶(hù)的名字 SQL> select user from? dual; USER ------------------------------ GAO 59.USEREVN 返回當(dāng)前用戶(hù)環(huán)境的信息,opt可以是: ENTRYID,SESSIONID,TERMINAL,ISDBA,LABLE,LANGUAGE,CLIENT_INFO,LANG,VSIZE ISDBA? 查看當(dāng)前用戶(hù)是否是DBA如果是則返回true SQL> select userenv('isdba') from dual;
USEREN ------ FALSE SQL> select userenv('isdba') from dual; USEREN ------ TRUE SESSION 返回會(huì)話(huà)標(biāo)志 SQL> select userenv('sessionid') from dual; USERENV('SESSIONID') -------------------- ???????????????? 152 ENTRYID 返回會(huì)話(huà)人口標(biāo)志 SQL> select userenv('entryid') from dual; USERENV('ENTRYID') ------------------ ???????????????? 0 INSTANCE 返回當(dāng)前INSTANCE的標(biāo)志 SQL> select userenv('instance') from dual; USERENV('INSTANCE') ------------------- ????????????????? 1 LANGUAGE 返回當(dāng)前環(huán)境變量 SQL> select userenv('language') from dual; USERENV('LANGUAGE') ---------------------------------------------------- SIMPLIFIED CHINESE_CHINA.ZHS16GBK LANG 返回當(dāng)前環(huán)境的語(yǔ)言的縮寫(xiě) SQL> select userenv('lang') from dual; USERENV('LANG') ---------------------------------------------------- ZHS TERMINAL 返回用戶(hù)的終端或機(jī)器的標(biāo)志 SQL> select userenv('terminal') from dual; USERENV('TERMINA ---------------- GAO VSIZE(X) 返回X的大小(字節(jié))數(shù) SQL> select vsize(user),user from dual; VSIZE(USER) USER ----------- ------------------------------ ????????? 6 SYSTEM ? 60.AVG(DISTINCT|ALL) all表示對(duì)所有的值求平均值,distinct只對(duì)不同的值求平均值 SQLWKS> create table table3(xm varchar(8),sal number(7,2)); 語(yǔ)句已處理。 SQLWKS>? insert into table3 values('gao',1111.11); SQLWKS>? insert into table3 values('gao',1111.11); SQLWKS>? insert into table3 values('zhu',5555.55); SQLWKS> commit; SQL> select avg(distinct sal) from gao.table3; AVG(DISTINCTSAL) ---------------- ???????? 3333.33 SQL> select avg(all sal) from gao.table3; AVG(ALLSAL) ----------- ??? 2592.59 61.MAX(DISTINCT|ALL) 求最大值,ALL表示對(duì)所有的值求最大值,DISTINCT表示對(duì)不同的值求最大值,相同的只取一次 SQL> select max(distinct sal) from scott.emp;
MAX(DISTINCTSAL) ---------------- ??????????? 5000 62.MIN(DISTINCT|ALL) 求最小值,ALL表示對(duì)所有的值求最小值,DISTINCT表示對(duì)不同的值求最小值,相同的只取一次 SQL> select min(all sal) from gao.table3;
MIN(ALLSAL) ----------- ??? 1111.11 63.STDDEV(distinct|all) 求標(biāo)準(zhǔn)差,ALL表示對(duì)所有的值求標(biāo)準(zhǔn)差,DISTINCT表示只對(duì)不同的值求標(biāo)準(zhǔn)差 SQL> select stddev(sal) from scott.emp;
STDDEV(SAL) ----------- ? 1182.5032 SQL> select stddev(distinct sal) from scott.emp; STDDEV(DISTINCTSAL) ------------------- ?????????? 1229.951 ? 64.VARIANCE(DISTINCT|ALL) 求協(xié)方差 SQL> select variance(sal) from scott.emp; VARIANCE(SAL) ------------- ??? 1398313.9 65.GROUP BY 主要用來(lái)對(duì)一組數(shù)進(jìn)行統(tǒng)計(jì) SQL> select deptno,count(*),sum(sal) from scott.emp group by deptno;
?? DEPTNO? COUNT(*)? SUM(SAL) --------- --------- --------- ?????? 10???????? 3????? 8750 ?????? 20???????? 5???? 10875 ?????? 30???????? 6????? 9400 ? 66.HAVING 對(duì)分組統(tǒng)計(jì)再加限制條件 SQL> select deptno,count(*),sum(sal) from scott.emp group by deptno having count(*)>=5; ?? DEPTNO? COUNT(*)? SUM(SAL) --------- --------- --------- ?????? 20???????? 5???? 10875 ?????? 30???????? 6????? 9400 SQL> select deptno,count(*),sum(sal) from scott.emp having count(*)>=5 group by deptno ; ?? DEPTNO? COUNT(*)? SUM(SAL) --------- --------- --------- ?????? 20???????? 5???? 10875 ?????? 30???????? 6????? 9400 67.ORDER BY 用于對(duì)查詢(xún)到的結(jié)果進(jìn)行排序輸出 SQL> select deptno,ename,sal from scott.emp order by deptno,sal desc;
?? DEPTNO ENAME??????????? SAL --------- ---------- --------- ?????? 10 KING??????????? 5000 ?????? 10 CLARK?????????? 2450 ?????? 10 MILLER????????? 1300 ?????? 20 SCOTT?????????? 3000 ?????? 20 FORD??????????? 3000 ?????? 20 JONES?????????? 2975 ?????? 20 ADAMS?????????? 1100 ?????? 20 SMITH??????????? 800 ?????? 30 BLAKE?????????? 2850 ?????? 30 ALLEN?????????? 1600 ?????? 30 TURNER????????? 1500 ?????? 30 WARD??????????? 1250 ?????? 30 MARTIN????????? 1250 ?????? 30 JAMES??????????? 950 * SQL Group Function * ?s (num can be a column or ex
?pression) (null values are ign * ?ored, default between distin
?ct and all is all) ******************** *************** ?****************************
?**************** AVG([distinct or all] num) ?-- average value ? COUNT(distinct or all] num) ?-- number of values ? MAX([distinct or all ?] num) -- maximum value ? ? MAX([distinct or all] num) ?-- minimum value ? STDDEV([distinct or ?all] num) -- standard devi ?ation ? SUM([distinct or all ?] num) -- sum of values ? ? VARIANCE([distinct o ?r all] num) -- variance of v ?alues ? ???????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? ******************************** *********************** ?************************
* Miscellaneaous Functions : * ?
******************** *************** ?****************************
?**************** DECODE(expr, srch1, ?return1 [,srch2, return2...] ?, default] ? -- if no search matches t ?he expression then the default is returned, ? -- otherwise, ?the first search that match ?es will cause ? -- the corres ?ponding return value to be r ?eturned ? DUMP(column_name [,fmt [,start_p ?os [, length]]]) ? -- returns an column ?internal oracle format, used
?for getting info about a -- format options : 8 = oc ?tal, 10 = decimel, 16 = hex, 17 = characters ? -- return type ?codes : 1 = varchar2, 2 = n ?umber, 8 = long, 12 = date, ? -- 23 = raw, ?24 = long raw, 69 = rowid, ?96 = char, 106 = mlslabel ? GREATEST(expr [,expr2 [, expr3...]]??????? -- returns the largest val ?ue of all expressions ? LEAST(expr [,expr2 [, expr3...]]????????????? -- returns the ?smallest value of all expre ?ssions ? NVL(expr1 ,expr2????????????????????????????????????????????? -- if expr1 is not null, i ?t is returned, otherwise expr2 is returned ? SQLCODE??????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? -- returns sql error code query, ?of last error. Can not be used directly in
-- value must ?be set to local variable fir ?st ? SQLERRM??????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? -- returns sql in query, ?error message of last error
?. Can not be used directly -- value must be set to lo ?cal variable first ? UID??????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? -- returns the user id of ?the user you are logged on as ? -- useful in s ?electing information from lo ?w level sys tables ? USER????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? -- returns the ?user name of the user you a ?re logged on as ? USERENV('option')??????????????????????????????????????????? -- returns inf ?ormation about the user you ?are logged on as ? -- options : E ?NTRYID, SESSIONID, TERMINAL, ?LANGUAGE, LABEL, OSDBA ? -- ( ?all options not available in ?all Oracle versions) ? VSIZE(expr)??????????????????????????????????????????????????????? -- returns the number of b ?ytes used by the expression ? -- useful in s ?electing information about t ?able space requirements ? ???????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? ******************** *************** ?****************************
?**************** * SQL Date Functions (dt represe * ?nts oracle date and time)
* (functions return * ?an oracle date unless otherw
?ise specified) ******************************** *********************** ?************************
ADD_MONTHS(dt, num) ? -- adds num months to ?dt (num can be negative) ? LAST_DAY(dt) ? -- last day of month in ?month containing dt ? MONTHS_BETWEEN(dt1, dt2) -- retu dt2 ?rns fractional value of months between dt1,
NEW_TIME(dt, tz1, tz zone 2 ?2) -- dt = date in time zo
?ne 1, returns date in time NEXT_DAY(dt, str) -- date etc..) ?of first (str) after dt (str = 'Monday',
SYSDATE -- present system date? ROUND(dt [,fmt] -- roun ?ds dt as specified by format fmt ? TRUNC(dt [,fmt] ? -- truncates dt as spe ?cified by format fmt ? ???????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? ******************************** *********************** ?************************
* Number Functions : * ?
******************************** *********************** ?************************
ABS(num) -- absolute ?value of num ? CEIL(num) -- smallest integer > or = num?
COS(num) -- cosine(n ?um), num in radians ? COSH(num) ? -- hyperbolic cosine(num) ? ? EXP(num) ?-- e raised to the num powe ?r ? FLOOR(num) -- largest ?integer < or = num ? LN(num) -- natural ?logarithm of num ? LOG(num2, num1) -- logarith ?m base num2 of num1 ? MOD(num2, num1) -- remainde ?r of num2 / num1 ? POWER(num2, num1) ? -- num2 raised to the num1 ?power ? ROUND(num1 [,num2] -- num1 rou ?nded to num2 decimel places (default 0) ? SIGN(num) -- sign of ?num * 1, 0 if num = 0 ? SIN(num) ?-- sin(num), num in radians ? ? SINH(num) -- hyperbolic sine(num)? SQRT(num) -- square root of num????? TAN(num) -- tangent( ?num), num in radians ? TANH(num) ? -- hyperbolic tangent(num) ? ? TRUNC(num1 [,num2] -- truncate ?num1 to num2 decimel places (default 0) ? ???????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? ******************************** *********************** ?************************ * String Functions, * ?String Result :
? ******************************** *********************** ?************************
(num) -- ASCII ?character for num ? CHR(num) ? -- ASCII character for n ?um ? CONCAT(str1, str2) -- str1 ?concatenated with str2 (same as str1||str2) ? INITCAP(str) ? -- capitalize first lett ?er of each word in str ? LOWER(str) -- str w ?ith all letters in lowercase ? LPAD(str1, num [,str2]) -- left spaces) ?pad str1 to length num with str2 (default
LTRIM(str [,set]) ? -- remove set from left ?side of str (default spaces) ? NLS_INITCAP(str [,nl ?s_val]) -- same as initcap f ?or different languages ? NLS_LOWER(str [,nls_ ?val]) -- same as lower for ?different languages ? REPLACE(str1, str2 [,str3]) -- r ?eplaces str2 with str3 in str1 ? -- ?deletes str2 from str1 if str3 is omitted ? RPAD(str1, num [,str (default spaces) ?2]) -- right pad str1 to
?length num with str2 RTRIM(str [,set]) spaces) ? -- remove set from
?right side of str (default SOUNDEX(str) ? -- phonetic represen ?tation of str ? SUBSTR(str, num2 [,n ?um1]) -- substring of str, ?starting with num2, ? -- omitted) ?num1 characters (to end of str if num1 is
SUBSTRB(str, num2 [, bytes ?num1]) -- same as substr bu
?t num1, num2 expressed in TRANSLATE(str, set1, ?set2) -- replaces set1 in ?str with set2 ? -- truncated ?if set2 is longer than set1, it will be
UPPER(str) ? -- str with all lett ?ers in uppercase ? ???????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? ******************** *************** ?****************************
?**************** * String Functions, * ?Numeric Result :
? ******************************** *********************** ?************************
???????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? ASCII(str) ? -- ASCII value of str ? INSTR(str1, str2 [,num1 [,num2]] ?) -- position of num2th occurrence of ? ? -- str2 in str1, starting at num1 ? ? -- (num1, num2 default to 1) ? INSTRB(str1, str2 [,num1 [num2]]
?) -- same as instr, byte values for num1, num2 LENGTH(str) ? -- number of ?characters in str ? LENGTHB(str) ? -- number of bytes in str ? NLSSORT(str [,nls_val]) ? -- nls_val byte value of str ? ???????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? ******************************** *********************** ?************************
* SQL Conversion Functions * ?
******************************** *********************** ?************************
CHARTOROWID(str) ? -- converts str to ROWID ? CONVERT(str, chr_set2 [,chr_set1 ?]) -- converts str to chr_set2 ? character set ? -- chr_set1
?default is the datbase HEXTORAW(str) ? -- converts hex string va ?lue to internal raw values ? RAWTOHEX(raw_val) -- convert ?s raw hex value to hex string value ? ROWIDTOCHAR(rowid) ? -- converts rowid to 18 ch ?aracter string format ? TO_CHAR(expr [,fmt]) fmt ? -- converts expr(date or n
?umber) to format specified by |