| 甯哥敤oracle鍑芥暟
SQL涓殑鍗曡褰曞嚱鏁?br />1.ASCII
榪斿洖涓庢寚瀹氱殑瀛楃瀵瑰簲鐨勫崄榪涘埗鏁?
SQL> select ascii('A') A,ascii('a') a,ascii('0') zero,ascii(' ') space from dual;
聽聽聽聽聽聽聽 A聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽 A聽聽聽聽聽 ZERO聽聽聽聽 SPACE
--------- --------- --------- ---------
聽聽聽聽聽聽 65聽聽聽聽聽聽聽 97聽聽聽聽聽聽聽 48聽聽聽聽聽聽聽 32
2.CHR
緇欏嚭鏁存暟,榪斿洖瀵瑰簲鐨勫瓧絎?
SQL> select chr(54740) zhao,chr(65) chr65 from dual;
ZH C
-- -
璧?A 3.CONCAT
榪炴帴涓や釜瀛楃涓?
SQL> select concat('010-','88888888')||'杞?3'聽 楂樹咕绔炵數璇?from dual; 楂樹咕绔炵數璇?br />----------------
010-88888888杞?3 4.INITCAP
榪斿洖瀛楃涓插茍灝嗗瓧絎︿覆鐨勭涓涓瓧姣嶅彉涓哄ぇ鍐?
SQL> select initcap('smith') upp from dual; UPP
-----
Smith
5.INSTR(C1,C2,I,J)
鍦ㄤ竴涓瓧絎︿覆涓悳绱㈡寚瀹氱殑瀛楃,榪斿洖鍙戠幇鎸囧畾鐨勫瓧絎︾殑浣嶇疆;
C1聽聽聽 琚悳绱㈢殑瀛楃涓?br />C2聽聽聽 甯屾湜鎼滅儲鐨勫瓧絎︿覆
I聽聽聽聽 鎼滅儲鐨勫紑濮嬩綅緗?榛樿涓?
J聽聽聽聽 鍑虹幇鐨勪綅緗?榛樿涓?
SQL> select instr('oracle traning','ra',1,2) instring from dual;
聽INSTRING
---------
聽聽聽聽聽聽聽 9
6.LENGTH
榪斿洖瀛楃涓茬殑闀垮害;
SQL> select name,length(name),addr,length(addr),sal,length(to_char(sal)) from gao.nchar_tst;
NAME聽聽 LENGTH(NAME) ADDR聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽 LENGTH(ADDR)聽聽聽聽聽聽 SAL LENGTH(TO_CHAR(SAL))
------ ------------ ---------------- ------------ --------- --------------------
楂樹咕绔灺犅犅犅犅犅犅犅犅犅犅?3 鍖椾含甯傛搗閿尯聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽 6聽聽 9999.99聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽 7 聽 7.LOWER
榪斿洖瀛楃涓?騫跺皢鎵鏈夌殑瀛楃灝忓啓
SQL> select lower('AaBbCcDd')AaBbCcDd from dual; AABBCCDD
--------
aabbccdd
8.UPPER
榪斿洖瀛楃涓?騫跺皢鎵鏈夌殑瀛楃澶у啓
SQL> select upper('AaBbCcDd') upper from dual;
UPPER
--------
AABBCCDD 聽 9.RPAD鍜孡PAD(綺樿創瀛楃)
RPAD聽 鍦ㄥ垪鐨勫彸杈圭矘璐村瓧絎?br />LPAD聽 鍦ㄥ垪鐨勫乏杈圭矘璐村瓧絎?br />SQL> select lpad(rpad('gao',10,'*'),17,'*')from dual; LPAD(RPAD('GAO',1
-----------------
*******gao*******
涓嶅瀛楃鍒欑敤*鏉ュ～婊?/font>
10.LTRIM鍜孯TRIM
LTRIM聽 鍒犻櫎宸﹁竟鍑虹幇鐨勫瓧絎︿覆
RTRIM聽 鍒犻櫎鍙寵竟鍑虹幇鐨勫瓧絎︿覆
SQL> select ltrim(rtrim('聽聽 gao qian jing聽聽 ',' '),' ') from dual;
LTRIM(RTRIM('
-------------
gao qian jing
11.SUBSTR(string,start,count)
鍙栧瓙瀛楃涓?浠巗tart寮濮?鍙朿ount涓?br />SQL> select substr('13088888888',3,8) from dual;
SUBSTR('
--------
08888888
12.REPLACE('string','s1','s2')
string聽聽 甯屾湜琚浛鎹㈢殑瀛楃鎴栧彉閲?
s1聽聽聽聽聽聽 琚浛鎹㈢殑瀛楃涓?br />s2聽聽聽聽聽聽 瑕佹浛鎹㈢殑瀛楃涓?br />SQL> select replace('he love you','he','i') from dual;
REPLACE('H
----------
i love you
13.SOUNDEX
榪斿洖涓涓笌緇欏畾鐨勫瓧絎︿覆璇婚煶鐩稿悓鐨勫瓧絎︿覆
SQL> create table table1(xm varchar(8));
SQL> insert into table1 values('weather');
SQL> insert into table1 values('wether');
SQL> insert into table1 values('gao');
SQL> select xm from table1 where soundex(xm)=soundex('weather'); XM
--------
weather
wether
14.TRIM('s' from 'string')
LEADING聽聽 鍓帀鍓嶉潰鐨勫瓧絎?br />TRAILING聽 鍓帀鍚庨潰鐨勫瓧絎?br />濡傛灉涓嶆寚瀹?榛樿涓虹┖鏍肩
15.ABS
榪斿洖鎸囧畾鍊肩殑緇濆鍊?br />SQL> select abs(100),abs(-100) from dual; 聽ABS(100) ABS(-100)
--------- ---------
聽聽聽聽聽 100聽聽聽聽聽聽 100
16.ACOS
緇欏嚭鍙嶄綑寮︾殑鍊?br />SQL> select acos(-1) from dual;
聽ACOS(-1)
---------
3.1415927
17.ASIN
緇欏嚭鍙嶆寮︾殑鍊?br />SQL> select asin(0.5) from dual;
ASIN(0.5)
---------
.52359878
18.ATAN
榪斿洖涓涓暟瀛楃殑鍙嶆鍒囧?br />SQL> select atan(1) from dual;
聽 ATAN(1)
---------
.78539816
19.CEIL
榪斿洖澶т簬鎴栫瓑浜庣粰鍑烘暟瀛楃殑鏈灝忔暣鏁?br />SQL> select ceil(3.1415927) from dual;
CEIL(3.1415927)
---------------
聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽 4
20.COS
榪斿洖涓涓粰瀹氭暟瀛楃殑浣欏雞
SQL> select cos(-3.1415927) from dual;
COS(-3.1415927)
---------------
聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽 -1
21.COSH
榪斿洖涓涓暟瀛楀弽浣欏雞鍊?br />SQL> select cosh(20) from dual;
聽COSH(20)
---------
242582598
22.EXP
榪斿洖涓涓暟瀛梕鐨刵嬈℃柟鏍?br />SQL> select exp(2),exp(1) from dual;
聽聽 EXP(2)聽聽聽 EXP(1)
--------- ---------
7.3890561 2.7182818
23.FLOOR
瀵圭粰瀹氱殑鏁板瓧鍙栨暣鏁?br />SQL> select floor(2345.67) from dual;
FLOOR(2345.67)
--------------
聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽 2345
24.LN
榪斿洖涓涓暟瀛楃殑瀵規暟鍊?br />SQL> select ln(1),ln(2),ln(2.7182818) from dual;
聽聽聽 LN(1)聽聽聽聽 LN(2) LN(2.7182818)
--------- --------- -------------
聽聽聽聽聽聽聽 0 .69314718聽聽聽聽 .99999999
25.LOG(n1,n2)
榪斿洖涓涓互n1涓哄簳n2鐨勫鏁?
SQL> select log(2,1),log(2,4) from dual;
聽LOG(2,1)聽 LOG(2,4)
--------- ---------
聽聽聽聽聽聽聽 0聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽 2
26.MOD(n1,n2)
榪斿洖涓涓猲1闄や互n2鐨勪綑鏁?br />SQL> select mod(10,3),mod(3,3),mod(2,3) from dual;
MOD(10,3)聽 MOD(3,3)聽 MOD(2,3)
--------- --------- ---------
聽聽聽聽聽聽聽 1聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽 0聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽 2
27.POWER
榪斿洖n1鐨刵2嬈℃柟鏍?br />SQL> select power(2,10),power(3,3) from dual;
POWER(2,10) POWER(3,3)
----------- ----------
聽聽聽聽聽聽 1024聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽 27
28.ROUND鍜孴RUNC
鎸夌収鎸囧畾鐨勭簿搴﹁繘琛岃垗鍏?br />SQL> select round(55.5),round(-55.4),trunc(55.5),trunc(-55.5) from dual;
ROUND(55.5) ROUND(-55.4) TRUNC(55.5) TRUNC(-55.5)
----------- ------------ ----------- ------------
聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽 56聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽 -55聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽 55聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽 -55
29.SIGN
鍙栨暟瀛梟鐨勭鍙?澶т簬0榪斿洖1,灝忎簬0榪斿洖-1,絳変簬0榪斿洖0
SQL> select sign(123),sign(-100),sign(0) from dual;
SIGN(123) SIGN(-100)聽聽 SIGN(0)
--------- ---------- ---------
聽聽聽聽聽聽聽 1聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽 -1聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽 0
30.SIN
榪斿洖涓涓暟瀛楃殑姝ｅ雞鍊?br />SQL> select sin(1.57079) from dual;
SIN(1.57079)
------------
聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽 1
31.SIGH
榪斿洖鍙屾洸姝ｅ雞鐨勫?br />SQL> select sin(20),sinh(20) from dual;
聽 SIN(20)聽 SINH(20)
--------- ---------
.91294525 242582598
32.SQRT
榪斿洖鏁板瓧n鐨勬牴
SQL> select sqrt(64),sqrt(10) from dual;
聽SQRT(64)聽 SQRT(10)
--------- ---------
聽聽聽聽聽聽聽 8 3.1622777
33.TAN
榪斿洖鏁板瓧鐨勬鍒囧?br />SQL> select tan(20),tan(10) from dual;
聽 TAN(20)聽聽 TAN(10)
--------- ---------
2.2371609 .64836083
34.TANH
榪斿洖鏁板瓧n鐨勫弻鏇叉鍒囧?br />SQL> select tanh(20),tan(20) from dual;
聽TANH(20)聽聽 TAN(20)
--------- ---------
聽聽聽聽聽聽聽 1 2.2371609 聽 35.TRUNC
鎸夌収鎸囧畾鐨勭簿搴︽埅鍙栦竴涓暟
SQL> select trunc(124.1666,-2) trunc1,trunc(124.16666,2) from dual; 聽聽 TRUNC1 TRUNC(124.16666,2)
--------- ------------------
聽聽聽聽聽 100聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽 124.16 聽 36.ADD_MONTHS
澧炲姞鎴栧噺鍘繪湀浠?br />SQL> select to_char(add_months(to_date('199912','yyyymm'),2),'yyyymm') from dual; TO_CHA
------
200002
SQL> select to_char(add_months(to_date('199912','yyyymm'),-2),'yyyymm') from dual; TO_CHA
------
199910
37.LAST_DAY
榪斿洖鏃ユ湡鐨勬渶鍚庝竴澶?br />SQL> select to_char(sysdate,'yyyy.mm.dd'),to_char((sysdate)+1,'yyyy.mm.dd') from dual;
TO_CHAR(SY TO_CHAR((S
---------- ----------
2004.05.09 2004.05.10
SQL> select last_day(sysdate) from dual; LAST_DAY(S
----------
31-5鏈?-04
38.MONTHS_BETWEEN(date2,date1)
緇欏嚭date2-date1鐨勬湀浠?br />SQL> select months_between('19-12鏈?1999','19-3鏈?1999') mon_between from dual;
MON_BETWEEN
-----------
聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽 9
SQL>selectmonths_between(to_date('2000.05.20','yyyy.mm.dd'),to_date('2005.05.20','yyyy.mm.dd')) mon_betw from dual; 聽MON_BETW
---------
聽聽聽聽聽 -60
39.NEW_TIME(date,'this','that')
緇欏嚭鍦╰his鏃跺尯=other鏃跺尯鐨勬棩鏈熷拰鏃墮棿
SQL> select to_char(sysdate,'yyyy.mm.dd hh24:mi:ss') bj_time,to_char(new_time
聽 2聽 (sysdate,'PDT','GMT'),'yyyy.mm.dd hh24:mi:ss') los_angles from dual;
BJ_TIME聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽 LOS_ANGLES
------------------- -------------------
2004.05.09 11:05:32 2004.05.09 18:05:32
40.NEXT_DAY(date,'day')
緇欏嚭鏃ユ湡date鍜屾槦鏈焫涔嬪悗璁＄畻涓嬩竴涓槦鏈熺殑鏃ユ湡
SQL> select next_day('18-5鏈?2001','鏄熸湡浜?) next_day from dual;
NEXT_DAY
----------
25-5鏈?-01 聽 41.SYSDATE
鐢ㄦ潵寰楀埌緋葷粺鐨勫綋鍓嶆棩鏈?br />SQL> select to_char(sysdate,'dd-mm-yyyy day') from dual; TO_CHAR(SYSDATE,'
-----------------
09-05-2004 鏄熸湡鏃?br />trunc(date,fmt)鎸夌収緇欏嚭鐨勮姹傚皢鏃ユ湡鎴柇,濡傛灉fmt='mi'琛ㄧず淇濈暀鍒?鎴柇縐?br />SQL> select to_char(trunc(sysdate,'hh'),'yyyy.mm.dd hh24:mi:ss') hh,
聽 2聽 to_char(trunc(sysdate,'mi'),'yyyy.mm.dd hh24:mi:ss') hhmm from dual; HH聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽 HHMM
------------------- -------------------
2004.05.09 11:00:00 2004.05.09 11:17:00 聽 42.CHARTOROWID
灝嗗瓧絎︽暟鎹被鍨嬭漿鎹負ROWID綾誨瀷
SQL> select rowid,rowidtochar(rowid),ename from scott.emp; ROWID聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽 ROWIDTOCHAR(ROWID) ENAME
------------------ ------------------ ----------
AAAAfKAACAAAAEqAAA AAAAfKAACAAAAEqAAA SMITH
AAAAfKAACAAAAEqAAB AAAAfKAACAAAAEqAAB ALLEN
AAAAfKAACAAAAEqAAC AAAAfKAACAAAAEqAAC WARD
AAAAfKAACAAAAEqAAD AAAAfKAACAAAAEqAAD JONES
43.CONVERT(c,dset,sset)
灝嗘簮瀛楃涓?sset浠庝竴涓璦瀛楃闆嗚漿鎹㈠埌鍙︿竴涓洰鐨刣set瀛楃闆?br />SQL> select convert('strutz','we8hp','f7dec') "conversion" from dual;
conver
------
strutz
44.HEXTORAW
灝嗕竴涓崄鍏繘鍒舵瀯鎴愮殑瀛楃涓茶漿鎹負浜岃繘鍒?/font>
45.RAWTOHEXT
灝嗕竴涓簩榪涘埗鏋勬垚鐨勫瓧絎︿覆杞崲涓哄崄鍏繘鍒?/font>
聽 46.ROWIDTOCHAR
灝哛OWID鏁版嵁綾誨瀷杞崲涓哄瓧絎︾被鍨?/font> 聽 47.TO_CHAR(date,'format')
SQL> select to_char(sysdate,'yyyy/mm/dd hh24:mi:ss') from dual; TO_CHAR(SYSDATE,'YY
-------------------
2004/05/09 21:14:41 聽 48.TO_DATE(string,'format')
灝嗗瓧絎︿覆杞寲涓篛RACLE涓殑涓涓棩鏈?/font>
49.TO_MULTI_BYTE
灝嗗瓧絎︿覆涓殑鍗曞瓧鑺傚瓧絎﹁漿鍖栦負澶氬瓧鑺傚瓧絎?br />SQL>聽 select to_multi_byte('楂?) from dual;
TO
--
楂?/font>
50.TO_NUMBER
灝嗙粰鍑虹殑瀛楃杞崲涓烘暟瀛?br />SQL> select to_number('1999') year from dual;
聽聽聽聽 YEAR
---------
聽聽聽聽 1999
51.BFILENAME(dir,file)
鎸囧畾涓涓閮ㄤ簩榪涘埗鏂囦歡
SQL>insert into file_tb1 values(bfilename('lob_dir1','image1.gif'));
52.CONVERT('x','desc','source')
灝唜瀛楁鎴栧彉閲忕殑婧恠ource杞崲涓篸esc
SQL> select sid,serial#,username,decode(command,
聽 2聽 0,'none',
聽 3聽 2,'insert',
聽 4聽 3,
聽 5聽 'select',
聽 6聽 6,'update',
聽 7聽 7,'delete',
聽 8聽 8,'drop',
聽 9聽 'other') cmd聽 from v$session where type!='background';
聽聽聽聽聽 SID聽聽 SERIAL# USERNAME聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽 CMD
--------- --------- ------------------------------ ------
聽聽聽聽聽聽聽 1聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽 1聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽 none
聽聽聽聽聽聽聽 2聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽 1聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽 none
聽聽聽聽聽聽聽 3聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽 1聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽 none
聽聽聽聽聽聽聽 4聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽 1聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽 none
聽聽聽聽聽聽聽 5聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽 1聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽 none
聽聽聽聽聽聽聽 6聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽 1聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽 none
聽聽聽聽聽聽聽 7聽聽聽聽聽 1275聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽 none
聽聽聽聽聽聽聽 8聽聽聽聽聽 1275聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽 none
聽聽聽聽聽聽聽 9聽聽聽聽聽聽聽 20 GAO聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽 select
聽聽聽聽聽聽 10聽聽聽聽聽聽聽 40 GAO聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽 none
53.DUMP(s,fmt,start,length)
DUMP鍑芥暟浠mt鎸囧畾鐨勫唴閮ㄦ暟瀛楁牸寮忚繑鍥炰竴涓猇ARCHAR2綾誨瀷鐨勫?br />SQL> col global_name for a30
SQL> col dump_string for a50
SQL> set lin 200
SQL> select global_name,dump(global_name,1017,8,5) dump_string from global_name;
GLOBAL_NAME聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽 DUMP_STRING
------------------------------ --------------------------------------------------
ORACLE.WORLD聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽 Typ=1 Len=12 CharacterSet=ZHS16GBK: W,O,R,L,D
54.EMPTY_BLOB()鍜孍MPTY_CLOB()
榪欎袱涓嚱鏁伴兘鏄敤鏉ュ澶ф暟鎹被鍨嬪瓧孌佃繘琛屽垵濮嬪寲鎿嶄綔鐨勫嚱鏁?/font>
55.GREATEST
榪斿洖涓緇勮〃杈懼紡涓殑鏈澶у?鍗蟲瘮杈冨瓧絎︾殑緙栫爜澶у皬.
SQL> select greatest('AA','AB','AC') from dual; GR
--
AC
SQL> select greatest('鍟?,'瀹?,'澶?) from dual; GR
--
澶?/font>
56.LEAST
榪斿洖涓緇勮〃杈懼紡涓殑鏈灝忓?
SQL> select least('鍟?,'瀹?,'澶?) from dual;
LE
--
鍟?/font>
57.UID
榪斿洖鏍囪瘑褰撳墠鐢ㄦ埛鐨勫敮涓鏁存暟
SQL> show user
USER 涓?GAO"
SQL> select username,user_id from dba_users where user_id=uid;
USERNAME聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽 USER_ID
------------------------------ ---------
GAO聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽 25 聽 58.USER
榪斿洖褰撳墠鐢ㄦ埛鐨勫悕瀛?br />SQL> select user from聽 dual; USER
------------------------------
GAO
59.USEREVN
榪斿洖褰撳墠鐢ㄦ埛鐜鐨勪俊鎭?opt鍙互鏄?
ENTRYID,SESSIONID,TERMINAL,ISDBA,LABLE,LANGUAGE,CLIENT_INFO,LANG,VSIZE
ISDBA聽 鏌ョ湅褰撳墠鐢ㄦ埛鏄惁鏄疍BA濡傛灉鏄垯榪斿洖true
SQL> select userenv('isdba') from dual;
USEREN
------
FALSE
SQL> select userenv('isdba') from dual; USEREN
------
TRUE
SESSION
榪斿洖浼氳瘽鏍囧織
SQL> select userenv('sessionid') from dual; USERENV('SESSIONID')
--------------------
聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽 152
ENTRYID
榪斿洖浼氳瘽浜哄彛鏍囧織
SQL> select userenv('entryid') from dual; USERENV('ENTRYID')
------------------
聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽 0
INSTANCE
榪斿洖褰撳墠INSTANCE鐨勬爣蹇?br />SQL> select userenv('instance') from dual; USERENV('INSTANCE')
-------------------
聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽 1
LANGUAGE
榪斿洖褰撳墠鐜鍙橀噺
SQL> select userenv('language') from dual; USERENV('LANGUAGE')
----------------------------------------------------
SIMPLIFIED CHINESE_CHINA.ZHS16GBK
LANG
榪斿洖褰撳墠鐜鐨勮璦鐨勭緝鍐?br />SQL> select userenv('lang') from dual; USERENV('LANG')
----------------------------------------------------
ZHS
TERMINAL
榪斿洖鐢ㄦ埛鐨勭粓绔垨鏈哄櫒鐨勬爣蹇?br />SQL> select userenv('terminal') from dual; USERENV('TERMINA
----------------
GAO
VSIZE(X)
榪斿洖X鐨勫ぇ灝?瀛楄妭)鏁?br />SQL> select vsize(user),user from dual; VSIZE(USER) USER
----------- ------------------------------
聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽 6 SYSTEM 聽 60.AVG(DISTINCT|ALL)
all琛ㄧず瀵規墍鏈夌殑鍊兼眰騫沖潎鍊?distinct鍙涓嶅悓鐨勫兼眰騫沖潎鍊?br />SQLWKS> create table table3(xm varchar(8),sal number(7,2));
璇彞宸插鐞嗐?br />SQLWKS>聽 insert into table3 values('gao',1111.11);
SQLWKS>聽 insert into table3 values('gao',1111.11);
SQLWKS>聽 insert into table3 values('zhu',5555.55);
SQLWKS> commit; SQL> select avg(distinct sal) from gao.table3; AVG(DISTINCTSAL)
----------------
聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽 3333.33 SQL> select avg(all sal) from gao.table3; AVG(ALLSAL)
-----------
聽聽聽 2592.59
61.MAX(DISTINCT|ALL)
姹傛渶澶у?ALL琛ㄧず瀵規墍鏈夌殑鍊兼眰鏈澶у?DISTINCT琛ㄧず瀵逛笉鍚岀殑鍊兼眰鏈澶у?鐩稿悓鐨勫彧鍙栦竴嬈?br />SQL> select max(distinct sal) from scott.emp;
MAX(DISTINCTSAL)
----------------
聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽 5000
62.MIN(DISTINCT|ALL)
姹傛渶灝忓?ALL琛ㄧず瀵規墍鏈夌殑鍊兼眰鏈灝忓?DISTINCT琛ㄧず瀵逛笉鍚岀殑鍊兼眰鏈灝忓?鐩稿悓鐨勫彧鍙栦竴嬈?br />SQL> select min(all sal) from gao.table3;
MIN(ALLSAL)
-----------
聽聽聽 1111.11
63.STDDEV(distinct|all)
姹傛爣鍑嗗樊,ALL琛ㄧず瀵規墍鏈夌殑鍊兼眰鏍囧噯宸?DISTINCT琛ㄧず鍙涓嶅悓鐨勫兼眰鏍囧噯宸?br />SQL> select stddev(sal) from scott.emp;
STDDEV(SAL)
-----------
聽 1182.5032 SQL> select stddev(distinct sal) from scott.emp; STDDEV(DISTINCTSAL)
-------------------
聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽 1229.951 聽 64.VARIANCE(DISTINCT|ALL)
姹傚崗鏂瑰樊 SQL> select variance(sal) from scott.emp; VARIANCE(SAL)
-------------
聽聽聽 1398313.9
65.GROUP BY
涓昏鐢ㄦ潵瀵逛竴緇勬暟榪涜緇熻
SQL> select deptno,count(*),sum(sal) from scott.emp group by deptno;
聽聽 DEPTNO聽 COUNT(*)聽 SUM(SAL)
--------- --------- ---------
聽聽聽聽聽聽 10聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽 3聽聽聽聽聽 8750
聽聽聽聽聽聽 20聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽 5聽聽聽聽 10875
聽聽聽聽聽聽 30聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽 6聽聽聽聽聽 9400 聽 66.HAVING
瀵瑰垎緇勭粺璁″啀鍔犻檺鍒舵潯浠?br />SQL> select deptno,count(*),sum(sal) from scott.emp group by deptno having count(*)>=5; 聽聽 DEPTNO聽 COUNT(*)聽 SUM(SAL)
--------- --------- ---------
聽聽聽聽聽聽 20聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽 5聽聽聽聽 10875
聽聽聽聽聽聽 30聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽 6聽聽聽聽聽 9400
SQL> select deptno,count(*),sum(sal) from scott.emp having count(*)>=5 group by deptno ; 聽聽 DEPTNO聽 COUNT(*)聽 SUM(SAL)
--------- --------- ---------
聽聽聽聽聽聽 20聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽 5聽聽聽聽 10875
聽聽聽聽聽聽 30聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽 6聽聽聽聽聽 9400
67.ORDER BY
鐢ㄤ簬瀵規煡璇㈠埌鐨勭粨鏋滆繘琛屾帓搴忚緭鍑?br />SQL> select deptno,ename,sal from scott.emp order by deptno,sal desc;
聽聽 DEPTNO ENAME聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽 SAL
--------- ---------- ---------
聽聽聽聽聽聽 10 KING聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽 5000
聽聽聽聽聽聽 10 CLARK聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽 2450
聽聽聽聽聽聽 10 MILLER聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽 1300
聽聽聽聽聽聽 20 SCOTT聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽 3000
聽聽聽聽聽聽 20 FORD聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽 3000
聽聽聽聽聽聽 20 JONES聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽 2975
聽聽聽聽聽聽 20 ADAMS聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽 1100
聽聽聽聽聽聽 20 SMITH聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽 800
聽聽聽聽聽聽 30 BLAKE聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽 2850
聽聽聽聽聽聽 30 ALLEN聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽 1600
聽聽聽聽聽聽 30 TURNER聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽 1500
聽聽聽聽聽聽 30 WARD聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽 1250
聽聽聽聽聽聽 30 MARTIN聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽 1250
聽聽聽聽聽聽 30 JAMES聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽 950
銆銆* SQL Group Function
*
聽s (num can be a column or ex
聽pression)銆銆銆銆銆銆銆銆銆銆
銆銆(null values are ign
*
聽ored, default between distin
聽ct and all is all)銆銆銆銆銆銆
銆銆********************
***************
聽****************************
聽****************
銆銆AVG([distinct or all] num)銆銆銆
聽-- average value
聽
銆銆COUNT(distinct or all] num)銆銆
聽-- number of values
聽
銆銆MAX([distinct or all
聽] num)銆銆銆-- maximum value
聽
聽
銆銆MAX([distinct or all] num)銆銆銆
聽-- minimum value
聽
銆銆STDDEV([distinct or
聽all] num)銆 -- standard devi
聽ation
聽
銆銆SUM([distinct or all
聽] num)銆銆銆-- sum of values
聽
聽
銆銆VARIANCE([distinct o
聽r all] num) -- variance of v
聽alues
聽
銆銆銆聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽
銆銆********************************
***********************
聽************************
銆銆* Miscellaneaous Functions :銆銆
*
聽銆銆銆銆銆銆銆銆銆銆銆銆銆銆銆銆銆銆銆銆銆銆銆
銆銆********************
***************
聽****************************
聽****************
銆銆DECODE(expr, srch1,
聽return1 [,srch2, return2...]
聽, default]
聽
銆銆銆銆銆 -- if no search matches t
聽he expression then the default is returned,
聽
銆銆銆銆銆 -- otherwise,
聽the first search that match
聽es will cause
聽
銆銆銆銆銆 -- the corres
聽ponding return value to be r
聽eturned
聽
銆銆DUMP(column_name [,fmt [,start_p
聽os [, length]]])
聽
銆銆銆銆銆-- returns an
column
聽internal oracle format, used
聽for getting info about a
銆銆銆銆銆-- format options : 8 = oc
聽tal, 10 = decimel, 16 = hex, 17 = characters
聽
銆銆銆銆銆-- return type
聽codes : 1 = varchar2, 2 = n
聽umber, 8 = long, 12 = date,
聽
銆銆銆銆銆--銆 23 = raw,
聽24 = long raw, 69 = rowid,
聽96 = char, 106 = mlslabel
聽
銆銆GREATEST(expr [,expr2 [, expr3...]]聽聽聽聽聽聽聽
銆銆銆銆銆-- returns the largest val
聽ue of all expressions
聽
銆銆LEAST(expr [,expr2 [, expr3...]]聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽
銆銆銆銆銆-- returns the
聽smallest value of all expre
聽ssions
聽
銆銆NVL(expr1 ,expr2聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽
銆銆銆銆銆-- if expr1 is not null, i
聽t is returned, otherwise expr2 is returned
聽
銆銆SQLCODE聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽
銆銆銆銆銆-- returns sql error code
query,
聽of last error.銆Can not be used directly in
銆銆銆銆銆-- value must
聽be set to local variable fir
聽st
聽
銆銆SQLERRM聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽
銆銆銆銆銆-- returns sql
in query,
聽error message of last error
聽.銆Can not be used directly
銆銆銆銆銆-- value must be set to lo
聽cal variable first
聽
銆銆UID聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽
銆銆銆銆銆-- returns the user id of
聽the user you are logged on as
聽
銆銆銆銆銆-- useful in s
聽electing information from lo
聽w level sys tables
聽
銆銆USER聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽
銆銆銆銆銆-- returns the
聽user name of the user you a
聽re logged on as
聽
銆銆USERENV('option')聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽
銆銆銆銆銆-- returns inf
聽ormation about the user you
聽are logged on as
聽
銆銆銆銆銆-- options : E
聽NTRYID, SESSIONID, TERMINAL,
聽LANGUAGE, LABEL, OSDBA
聽
銆銆銆銆銆--銆銆銆銆銆 (
聽all options not available in
聽all Oracle versions)
聽
銆銆VSIZE(expr)聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽
銆銆銆銆銆-- returns the number of b
聽ytes used by the expression
聽
銆銆銆銆銆-- useful in s
聽electing information about t
聽able space requirements
聽
銆銆銆聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽
銆銆********************
***************
聽****************************
聽****************
銆銆* SQL Date Functions (dt represe
*
聽nts oracle date and time)銆銆銆銆銆銆銆銆銆銆
銆銆* (functions return
*
聽an oracle date unless otherw
聽ise specified)銆銆銆銆銆銆銆銆
銆銆********************************
***********************
聽************************
銆銆ADD_MONTHS(dt, num)
聽銆銆銆-- adds num months to
聽dt (num can be negative)
聽
銆銆LAST_DAY(dt)銆銆銆銆
聽銆銆 -- last day of month in
聽month containing dt
聽
銆銆MONTHS_BETWEEN(dt1, dt2) -- retu
dt2
聽rns fractional value of months between dt1,
銆銆NEW_TIME(dt, tz1, tz
zone 2
聽2)銆 -- dt = date in time zo
聽ne 1, returns date in time
銆銆NEXT_DAY(dt, str)銆銆銆銆-- date
etc..)
聽of first (str) after dt (str = 'Monday',
銆銆SYSDATE銆銆銆銆銆銆銆銆銆-- present system date聽
銆銆ROUND(dt [,fmt]銆銆銆銆銆-- roun
聽ds dt as specified by format fmt
聽
銆銆TRUNC(dt [,fmt]銆銆
聽銆銆銆-- truncates dt as spe
聽cified by format fmt
聽
銆銆銆聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽
銆銆********************************
***********************
聽************************
銆銆* Number Functions :銆銆銆銆銆銆
*
聽銆銆銆銆銆銆銆銆銆銆銆銆銆銆銆銆銆銆銆銆銆銆銆
銆銆********************************
***********************
聽************************
銆銆ABS(num)銆銆銆銆銆銆 -- absolute
聽value of num
聽
銆銆CEIL(num)銆銆銆銆銆銆-- smallest integer > or = num聽
銆銆COS(num)銆銆銆銆銆銆 -- cosine(n
聽um), num in radians
聽
銆銆COSH(num)銆銆銆銆銆
聽銆-- hyperbolic cosine(num)
聽
聽
銆銆EXP(num)銆銆銆銆銆銆
聽-- e raised to the num powe
聽r
聽
銆銆FLOOR(num)銆銆銆銆銆 -- largest
聽integer < or = num
聽
銆銆LN(num)銆銆銆銆銆銆銆-- natural
聽logarithm of num
聽
銆銆LOG(num2, num1)銆銆銆-- logarith
聽m base num2 of num1
聽
銆銆MOD(num2, num1)銆銆銆-- remainde
聽r of num2 / num1
聽
銆銆POWER(num2, num1)銆
聽銆-- num2 raised to the num1
聽power
聽
銆銆ROUND(num1 [,num2]銆 -- num1 rou
聽nded to num2 decimel places (default 0)
聽
銆銆SIGN(num)銆銆銆銆銆銆-- sign of
聽num * 1, 0 if num = 0
聽
銆銆SIN(num)銆銆銆銆銆銆
聽-- sin(num), num in radians
聽
聽
銆銆SINH(num)銆銆銆銆銆銆-- hyperbolic sine(num)聽
銆銆SQRT(num)銆銆銆銆銆銆-- square root of num聽聽聽聽聽
銆銆TAN(num)銆銆銆銆銆銆 -- tangent(
聽num), num in radians
聽
銆銆TANH(num)銆銆銆銆銆
聽銆-- hyperbolic tangent(num)
聽
聽
銆銆TRUNC(num1 [,num2]銆 -- truncate
聽num1 to num2 decimel places (default 0)
聽
銆銆銆聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽
銆銆********************************
***********************
聽************************
銆銆* String Functions,
*
聽String Result :銆銆銆銆銆銆
聽銆銆銆銆銆銆銆銆銆銆銆銆銆銆銆
銆銆********************************
***********************
聽************************
銆銆(num)銆銆銆銆銆銆銆銆銆 -- ASCII
聽character for num
聽
銆銆CHR(num)銆銆銆銆銆銆
聽銆銆-- ASCII character for n
聽um
聽
銆銆CONCAT(str1, str2)銆銆銆-- str1
聽concatenated with str2 (same as str1||str2)
聽
銆銆INITCAP(str)銆銆銆銆
聽銆銆-- capitalize first lett
聽er of each word in str
聽
銆銆LOWER(str)銆銆銆銆銆銆銆-- str w
聽ith all letters in lowercase
聽
銆銆LPAD(str1, num [,str2]) -- left
spaces)
聽pad str1 to length num with str2 (default
銆銆LTRIM(str [,set])銆
聽銆銆 -- remove set from left
聽side of str (default spaces)
聽
銆銆NLS_INITCAP(str [,nl
聽s_val]) -- same as initcap f
聽or different languages
聽
銆銆NLS_LOWER(str [,nls_
聽val])銆 -- same as lower for
聽different languages
聽
銆銆REPLACE(str1, str2 [,str3]) -- r
聽eplaces str2 with str3 in str1
聽
銆銆銆銆銆銆銆銆銆銆銆銆銆銆銆銆 --
聽deletes str2 from str1 if str3 is omitted
聽
銆銆RPAD(str1, num [,str
(default spaces)
聽2])銆銆 -- right pad str1 to
聽length num with str2
銆銆RTRIM(str [,set])銆
spaces)
聽銆銆銆銆 -- remove set from
聽right side of str (default
銆銆SOUNDEX(str)銆銆銆銆
聽銆銆銆銆-- phonetic represen
聽tation of str
聽
銆銆SUBSTR(str, num2 [,n
聽um1])銆 -- substring of str,
聽starting with num2,
聽
銆銆銆銆銆銆銆銆銆銆銆銆銆銆銆銆 --
omitted)
聽num1 characters (to end of str if num1 is
銆銆SUBSTRB(str, num2 [,
bytes
聽num1])銆-- same as substr bu
聽t num1, num2 expressed in
銆銆TRANSLATE(str, set1,
聽set2)銆-- replaces set1 in
聽str with set2
聽
銆銆銆銆銆銆銆銆銆銆銆銆銆銆銆銆 --
truncated
聽if set2 is longer than set1, it will be
銆銆UPPER(str)銆銆銆銆銆
聽銆銆銆銆-- str with all lett
聽ers in uppercase
聽
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銆銆********************
***************
聽****************************
聽****************
銆銆* String Functions,
*
聽Numeric Result :銆銆銆銆銆銆
聽銆銆銆銆銆銆銆銆銆銆銆銆銆銆銆
銆銆********************************
***********************
聽************************
銆銆銆聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽
銆銆ASCII(str)銆銆銆銆銆銆銆銆銆銆銆
聽銆-- ASCII value of str
聽
銆銆INSTR(str1, str2 [,num1 [,num2]]
聽) -- position of num2th occurrence of
聽
銆銆銆銆銆銆銆銆銆銆銆銆銆銆銆銆銆銆
聽銆 -- str2 in str1, starting at num1
聽
銆銆銆銆銆銆銆銆銆銆銆銆銆銆銆銆銆銆
聽銆 -- (num1, num2 default to 1)
聽
銆銆INSTRB(str1, str2 [,num1 [num2]]
聽) -- same as instr, byte values for num1, num2
銆銆LENGTH(str)銆銆銆銆
聽銆銆銆銆銆銆銆 -- number of
聽characters in str
聽
銆銆LENGTHB(str)銆銆銆銆銆銆銆銆銆銆
聽銆-- number of bytes in str
聽
銆銆NLSSORT(str [,nls_val])銆銆銆銆
聽銆 -- nls_val byte value of str
聽
銆銆銆聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽
銆銆********************************
***********************
聽************************
銆銆* SQL Conversion Functions銆銆銆
*
聽銆銆銆銆銆銆銆銆銆銆銆銆銆銆銆銆銆銆銆銆銆銆銆
銆銆********************************
***********************
聽************************
銆銆CHARTOROWID(str)銆銆銆銆銆銆銆銆
聽銆 -- converts str to ROWID
聽
銆銆CONVERT(str, chr_set2 [,chr_set1
聽]) -- converts str to chr_set2
聽
銆銆銆銆銆銆銆銆銆銆銆銆
character set
聽銆銆銆銆銆銆銆銆-- chr_set1
聽default is the datbase
銆銆HEXTORAW(str)銆銆銆
聽銆 -- converts hex string va
聽lue to internal raw values
聽
銆銆RAWTOHEX(raw_val)銆銆 -- convert
聽s raw hex value to hex string value
聽
銆銆ROWIDTOCHAR(rowid)銆
聽銆-- converts rowid to 18 ch
聽aracter string format
聽
銆銆TO_CHAR(expr [,fmt])
fmt
聽銆-- converts expr(date or n
聽umber) to format specified by |
