今天我將展示一下我是如何在實(shí)際中對(duì)dao進(jìn)行單元測(cè)試的
首先我們來確認(rèn)一下dao需要什么樣的環(huán)境，我的dao是用Spring+hibernate來構(gòu)建的，而對(duì)應(yīng)的數(shù)據(jù)源是oracle9。所以要進(jìn)行dao的測(cè)試我需要從Spring的連接oracle的context中獲取dao的實(shí)例出來，這里我使用的是spring-mock
spring-mock使用比較簡(jiǎn)單的，只需要設(shè)置spring的配置文件路徑就可以獲得上下文了
這里需要注意的是這個(gè)spring上下文是ClassPathApplicationContext,而我們?cè)趙eb環(huán)境中經(jīng)常遇到的是WebApplicationContext
/**?*//**
?*?$Id:$
?*
?*?Copyright?2005?easou,?Inc.?All?Rights?Reserved.
?*/
package?test.spring.common;
import?org.springframework.test.AbstractTransactionalDataSourceSpringContextTests;
import?test.PathConfig;
public?class?BaseSpringTestCase?extends
????????AbstractTransactionalDataSourceSpringContextTests?
{????
????@Override
????protected?String[]?getConfigLocations()?{
????????String[]?config?=?PathConfig.springxml;
????????return?config;
????}????????
????public?void?testConfig()?{????????
????????assertNotNull("spring-mock?context?has?bean?init()",this.applicationContext);
????}
}這里testConfig是用來檢查你spring配置的加載是否正確的
下面給出一個(gè)DAO的簡(jiǎn)單查詢方法
public?List?getHomepageAreasByChannelId(long?channelId)?{
????????return?this.executeHQL("?from?CsHomepageArea??h?where?h.csChannel.id='"
????????????????+?channelId?+?"'?order?by?h.theOrder");
????}
上面的方法指示根據(jù)一個(gè)id取列表出來，而我們要測(cè)試的目標(biāo)有（其實(shí)也就是我們這個(gè)方法要實(shí)現(xiàn)的目標(biāo)）：
1、給出正確的id是否能否返回正確的結(jié)果
2、返回的結(jié)果集能夠根據(jù)hibernate配置文件而得到我們期望的結(jié)果集（比如說對(duì)子集的lazy讀取）
3、返回的結(jié)果集是否按照你所期望的排序
4、給出錯(cuò)誤的id是否在獲取數(shù)據(jù)時(shí)會(huì)出錯(cuò)
根據(jù)上面的測(cè)試目標(biāo)我們就很容易的得到下面的測(cè)試方法了
public?void?testGetHomepageAreasByChannelId()?{
????????List?list?=?channelDAO.getHomepageAreasByChannelId(1);
????????assertNotNull("homepage?list?is?not?null",?list);
????????CsHomepageArea?homepage?=?(CsHomepageArea)?list.get(0);
????????assertNotNull("homepage'name?is?not?null",?homepage.getName());
????????assertNotNull("homepage'channel?has?been?lazy",?homepage.getCsChannel()
????????????????.getName());
????????assertNotNull("homepage'column?has?been?lazy",?homepage.getCsColumn()
????????????????.getName());
????????assertNotNull("homepage'subject?has?been?lazy",?homepage
????????????????.getCsSubjects().iterator().next().getName());
????????CsSubject?subject?=?(CsSubject)?homepage.getCsSubjects().iterator()
????????????????.next();
????????assertNotNull("homepage'subject'keyword?has?been?lazy",?subject
????????????????.getCsSubjectKeywords().iterator().next().getName());
????} 對(duì)于DAO層的查詢方法，我們測(cè)試的就是判斷返回的數(shù)據(jù)是否是我們需要的
下面這個(gè)方法是DAO的增改方法，和刪除方法
public?void?saveComment(CsComment?comment)?{
????????getHibernateTemplate().saveOrUpdate(comment);????????
????}
????public?void?deleteComment(CsComment?comment)?{????????
????????getHibernateTemplate().delete(comment);????????
????} ?
對(duì)于這種無返回值得方法我們主要測(cè)試的是：
1、對(duì)于正確的數(shù)據(jù)是否能夠正確的存入數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)或者從數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)刪除
2、對(duì)于錯(cuò)誤的數(shù)據(jù)操作能夠有錯(cuò)誤信息（如主鍵重復(fù)）
public?void?testSaveComment(){
????????CsComment?comment?=?new?CsComment();
????????comment.setCommentDate(new?Date());
????????comment.setContent("comment?test");
????????channelDAO.saveComment(comment);
????????CsComment?dbComment?=(CsComment)channelDAO.getEntity(comment.getId());
????????assertNotNull("comment?has?bean?saved",?dbComment);
????}
????public?void?testDeleteComment(){
????????CsComment?comment?=?new?CsComment();
????????comment.setId(new?Long(13));
????????channelDAO.delete(comment);
????????CsComment?dbComment?=(CsComment)channelDAO.getEntity(comment.getId());
????????assertNull("comment?has?bean?delete",?dbComment);
????} 其實(shí)這種save或者delete的方法由于使用時(shí)都是基本調(diào)用hibernate的方法，所以在我看來測(cè)試的意義并不是很大