select e1.ename,e2.ename from emp e1 join emp e2 on (e1.mgr=e2.empno); --自連接，從e2中取出e1的經理人。
select ename,dname from emp e left join dept d on (e.deptno=d.deptno); --左外連接
select ename,dname from emp e right outer join dept d on (e.deptno=d.deptno); --右外連接
select ename,dname from emp e full join dept d on (e.deptno=d.deptno); --全連接
--求部門中哪些人的薪水最高
select ename,sal from emp
join (select max(sal) max_sal,deptno from emp group by deptno) t
on (emp.sal = t.max_sal and emp.deptno = t.deptno);
--求部門平均薪水的等級
select deptno,avg_sal,grade from
(select deptno,avg(sal) avg_sal from emp group by deptno) t
join salgrade s on (t.avg_sal between s.losal and s.hisal);
--求部門平均的薪水等級
select avg(grade) from
(select deptno,ename,grade from emp join salgrade s on (emp.sal between s.losal and s.hisal )) t
group by deptno;
--雇員中有哪些人是經理人
select ename from emp where empno in (select distinct mgr from emp);
--不準用組函數，求薪水的最高值。采用的是自連接。
select distinct sal from emp where sal not in
(select distinct e1.sal from emp e1 join emp e2 on (e1.sal < e2.sal));
--求平均薪水最高的部門的部門編號。嵌套的組函數。
select deptno,avg_sal from
(select avg(sal) avg_sal,deptno from emp group by deptno)
where avg_sal =
(select max(avg(sal)),deptno from emp group by deptno;
--求平均薪水的等級最低的部門的部門名稱。
select dname,t1.deptno,grade,avg_sal from
(
select deptno,grade,avg_sal from
(select deptno,avg(sal) avg_sal from emp group by deptno) t
join salgrade s on (t.avg_sal between s.losal and s.hisal)
)
t1
join dept on (t1.deptno = dept.deptno)
)
where t1.grade =
(
select min(grade) from
(select deptno,grade,avg_sal from
(select deptno,grade,avg(sal) avg_sal from emp group by deptno) t
join salgrade s on (t.avg_sal between s.losal and s.hisal)
)
)
--求平均薪水的等級最低的部門的部門名稱。采用視圖。
conn sys/sys as sysdba;
grant create table,create view to scott;
create view v$_dept_avg_sal_info as
select deptno,grade,avg_sal from
(select deptno,grade,avg(sal) avg_sal from emp group by deptno) t
join salgrade s on (t.avg_sal between s.losal and s.hisal);
select dname,t1.deptno,grade,avg_sal from
v$_dept_avg_sal_info t1
join dept on (t1.deptno = dept.deptno)
)
where t1.grade =
(
select min(grade) from v$_dept_avg_sal_info
)
-- 比普通員工的最高薪水還要高的經理人名稱。
select ename from emp
where empno in (select distinct mgr from emp where mgr is not null)
and sal >
(
select max(sal) from emp where empno not in
(select distinct mgr from emp where mgr is not null)
)