Spring中提供一些Aware相關(guān)接口,像是BeanFactoryAware、 ApplicationContextAware、ResourceLoaderAware、ServletContextAware等等,實現(xiàn)這些 Aware接口的Bean在被初始之后,可以取得一些相對應的資源,例如實現(xiàn)BeanFactoryAware的Bean在初始后,Spring容器將會注入BeanFactory的實例,而實現(xiàn)ApplicationContextAware的Bean,在Bean被初始后,將會被注入 ApplicationContext的實例等等。
Bean取得BeanFactory、ApplicationContextAware的實例目的是什么,一般的目的就是要取得一些檔案資源的存取、相 關(guān)訊息資源或是那些被注入的實例所提供的機制,例如ApplicationContextAware提供了publishEvent()方法,可以支持基于Observer模式的事件傳播機制。
ApplicationContextAware接口的定義如下:
ApplicationContextAware.java
public interface ApplicationContextAware {
void setApplicationContext(ApplicationContext context);
}
我們這邊示范如何透過實現(xiàn)ApplicationContextAware注入ApplicationContext來實現(xiàn)事件傳播,首先我們的HelloBean如下:
HelloBean.java
package onlyfun.caterpillar;
import org.springframework.context.*;
public class HelloBean implements ApplicationContextAware {
private ApplicationContext applicationContext;
private String helloWord = "Hello!World!";
public void setApplicationContext(ApplicationContext context) {
this.applicationContext = context;
}
public void setHelloWord(String helloWord) {
this.helloWord = helloWord;
}
public String getHelloWord() {
applicationContext.publishEvent(
new PropertyGettedEvent("[" + helloWord + "] is getted"));
return helloWord;
}
}
ApplicationContext會由Spring容器注入,publishEvent()方法需要一個繼承ApplicationEvent的對象,我們的PropertyGettedEvent繼承了ApplicationEvent,如下:
PropertyGettedEvent.java
package onlyfun.caterpillar;
import org.springframework.context.*;
public class PropertyGettedEvent extends ApplicationEvent {
public PropertyGettedEvent(Object source) {
super(source);
}
}
當ApplicationContext執(zhí)行publishEvent()后,會自動尋找實現(xiàn)ApplicationListener接口的對象并通知其發(fā)生對應事件,我們實現(xiàn)了PropertyGettedListener如下:
PrppertyGettedListener.java
package onlyfun.caterpillar;
import org.springframework.context.*;
public class PropertyGettedListener implements ApplicationListener {
public void onApplicationEvent(ApplicationEvent event) {
System.out.println(event.getSource().toString());
}
}
Listener必須被實例化,這我們可以在Bean定義檔中加以定義:
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE beans PUBLIC "-//SPRING/DTD BEAN/EN" "http://www.springframework.org/dtd/spring-beans.dtd">
<beans>
<bean id="propertyGetterListener" class="onlyfun.caterpillar.PropertyGettedListener"/>
<bean id="helloBean" class="onlyfun.caterpillar.HelloBean">
<property name="helloWord"><value>Hello!Justin!</value></property>
</bean>
</beans>
我們寫一個測試程序來測測事件傳播的運行:
Test.java
package onlyfun.caterpillar;
import org.springframework.context.*;
import org.springframework.context.support.*;
public class Test {
public static void main(String[] args) {
ApplicationContext context = new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext("bean.xml");
HelloBean hello = (HelloBean) context.getBean("helloBean");
System.out.println(hello.getHelloWord());
}
}
執(zhí)行結(jié)果會如下所示:
log4j:WARN No appenders could be found for logger
(org.springframework.beans.factory.xml.XmlBeanDefinitionReader).
log4j:WARN Please initialize the log4j system properly.
org.springframework.context.support.ClassPathXmlApplicationContext:
displayName=[org.springframework.context.support.ClassPathXmlApplicationContext;
hashCode=33219526]; startup date=[Fri Oct 29 10:56:35 CST 2004];
root of ApplicationContext hierarchy
[Hello!Justin!] is getted
Hello!Justin!
以上是以實現(xiàn)事件傳播來看看實現(xiàn)Aware接口取得對應對象后,可以進行的動作,同樣的,您也可以實現(xiàn)ResourceLoaderAware接口:
ResourceLoaderAware.java
public interface ResourceLoaderAware {
void setResourceLoader(ResourceLoader loader);
}
實現(xiàn)ResourceLoader的Bean就可以取得ResourceLoader的實例,如此就可以使用它的getResource()方法,這對于必須存取檔案資源的Bean相當有用。
基本上,Spring雖然提供了這些Aware相關(guān)接口,然而Bean上若實現(xiàn)了這些界面,就算是與Spring發(fā)生了依賴,從另一個角度來看,雖然您可以直接在Bean上實現(xiàn)這些接口,但您也可以透過setter來完成依賴注入,例如:
HelloBean.java
package onlyfun.caterpillar;
import org.springframework.context.*;
public class HelloBean {
private ApplicationContext applicationContext;
private String helloWord = "Hello!World!";
public void setApplicationContext(ApplicationContext context) {
this.applicationContext = context;
}
public void setHelloWord(String helloWord) {
this.helloWord = helloWord;
}
public String getHelloWord() {
applicationContext.publishEvent(new PropertyGettedEvent("[" + helloWord + "] is getted"));
return helloWord;
}
}
注意這次我們并沒有實現(xiàn)ApplicationContextAware,我們在程序中可以自行注入ApplicationContext實例:
ApplicationContext context = new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext("bean.xml");
HelloBean hello = (HelloBean) context.getBean("helloBean");
hello.setApplicationContext(context);
System.out.println(hello.getHelloWord());
就Bean而言,降低了對Spring的依賴,可以比較容易從現(xiàn)有的框架中脫離。