前面寫了一個序列化的文章,這次重新整理一下。

1.Serialize概念
Java的對象序列化就是將那些實現了Serializable接口的對象轉換成一個字節序列。并能夠
在以后將這個字節完全恢復為原來的對象。
對象序列化的概念加入到語言當中就是為了支持兩種主要特性

一是Java的遠程方法調用(Remote Method Invocation, RMI)。當向遠程對象發送消息時,
需要通過序列化來傳輸參數和返回值。

二是Javabean對象序列化。有些服務器通過將所有的SESSION 數據(包括BEAN)寫入磁盤來支持任意長的SESSION生命期,即使服務器停機也不會丟失。當服務器重新啟動后,串行化的數據被恢復。同樣的理由,在重負載的站點上支持服務器分簇的環境中,許多服務器通過串行化來復制SESSION。如果你的BEAN不支持串行化,服務器就不能正確地保存和傳輸類。

只要對象實現了Serializable接口,對象的序列化處理就會非常簡單。
2.Serialize方法
要序列化一個對象,首先要創建某些OutputStream對象,然后將其封裝在一個ObjectOutputStream對象內。
這時,只需要調用writeObject()即可將對象序列化,并將其發送給OutputStream。反之,將一個序列化對象還原為一個對象,需要將一個InputStream封裝在ObjectInputStream內,然后調用readObject()。
OutputStream和InputStream常用的是ByteArrayOutputStream/FileOutputStream和ByteArrayInputStream/FileInputStream。

下面兩個類以ByteArray方式實現序列化:

public final class Serialization
{

    /**
     * Serialize the object into a byte array.
     */
    public static byte[] serialize( Object obj )
        throws IOException
    {
        ByteArrayOutputStream  baos;
        ObjectOutputStream     oos;

        baos = new ByteArrayOutputStream();
        oos = new ObjectOutputStream( baos );
        oos.writeObject( obj );
        oos.close();

        return baos.toByteArray();
    }


    /**
     * Deserialize an object from a byte array
     */
    public static Object deserialize( byte[] buf )
        throws ClassNotFoundException, IOException
    {
        ByteArrayInputStream  bais;
        ObjectInputStream     ois;

        bais = new ByteArrayInputStream( buf );
        ois = new ObjectInputStream( bais );
        return ois.readObject();
    }

}

public class DefaultSerializer
    implements Serializer
{

   
    public static final DefaultSerializer INSTANCE = new DefaultSerializer();
   
   
    /**
     * Construct a DefaultSerializer.
     */
    public DefaultSerializer()
    {
        // no op
    }

   
    /**
     * Serialize the content of an object into a byte array.
     *
     * @param obj Object to serialize
     * @return a byte array representing the object's state
     */
     public byte[] serialize( Object obj )
        throws IOException
     {
         return Serialization.serialize( obj );
     }
       
       
    /**
     * Deserialize the content of an object from a byte array.
     *
     * @param serialized Byte array representation of the object
     * @return deserialized object
     */
     public Object deserialize( byte[] serialized )
        throws IOException
     {
         try {
            return Serialization.deserialize( serialized );
         } catch ( ClassNotFoundException except ) {
            throw new WrappedRuntimeException( except );
         }
     }

}

File方式的序列化大致如下:

ObjectOutputStream out = new ObjectOutputStream(new FileOutputStream(out.txt));
out.writeObject(obj);
out.close();

ObjectInputStream in = new ObjectInputStream(new FileInputStream(out.txt));
Object obj = (Object)in.readObject();
in.close();

3.Serialize定制

缺省的序列化機制并不難操縱,如果有特殊的需求那又該怎么辦?例如,也許要考慮特殊的安全問題,而且
你不希望對象的某一部分被序列化;或者一個對象被還原后,某子對象需要重新創建,從而不需要將該子對象
序列化。在這樣的特殊情況下,可通過實現Externalizable接口來對序列化過程進行控制。這個Externalizable
接口繼承了Serializable接口,同時增加了兩個方法:writeExternal(ObjectOutput out)和readExternal(ObjectInput in)

Serializable對象完全以它存儲的二進制位為基礎來構造,而不用調用構造器。而對于一個Externalizable對象
缺省構造器都會被調用,然后調用readExternal()。下面列子中,如果Blip3()構造器注釋掉,程序會報錯:no valid constructor


// Reconstructing an externalizable object.
// From 'Thinking in Java, 3rd ed.' (c) Bruce Eckel 2002
// www.BruceEckel.com. See copyright notice in CopyRight.txt.
import com.bruceeckel.simpletest.*;
import java.io.*;
import java.util.*;

public class Blip3 implements Externalizable {
  private static Test monitor = new Test();
  private int i;
  private String s; // No initialization
  public Blip3() {
    System.out.println("Blip3 Constructor");
    // s, i not initialized
  }
  public Blip3(String x, int a) {
    System.out.println("Blip3(String x, int a)");
    s = x;
    i = a;
    // s & i initialized only in nondefault constructor.
  }
  public String toString() { return s + i; }
  public void writeExternal(ObjectOutput out)
  throws IOException {
    System.out.println("Blip3.writeExternal");
    // You must do this:
    out.writeObject(s);
    out.writeInt(i);
  }
  public void readExternal(ObjectInput in)
  throws IOException, ClassNotFoundException {
    System.out.println("Blip3.readExternal");
    // You must do this:
    s = (String)in.readObject();
    i = in.readInt();
  }
  public static void main(String[] args)
  throws IOException, ClassNotFoundException {
    System.out.println("Constructing objects:");
    Blip3 b3 = new Blip3("A String ", 47);
    System.out.println(b3);
    ObjectOutputStream o = new ObjectOutputStream(
      new FileOutputStream("Blip3.out"));
    System.out.println("Saving object:");
    o.writeObject(b3);
    o.close();
    // Now get it back:
    ObjectInputStream in = new ObjectInputStream(
      new FileInputStream("Blip3.out"));
    System.out.println("Recovering b3:");
    b3 = (Blip3)in.readObject();
    System.out.println(b3);
    monitor.expect(new String[] {
      "Constructing objects:",
      "Blip3(String x, int a)",
      "A String 47",
      "Saving object:",
      "Blip3.writeExternal",
      "Recovering b3:",
      "Blip3 Constructor",
      "Blip3.readExternal",
      "A String 47"
    });
  }
}