4.2、在WebWork中使用Velocity
使用Velocity作為視圖,有兩種方法:
l 使用velocity結(jié)果類型來(lái)呈現(xiàn)Velocity模板
l 在web.xml中注冊(cè)WebWorkVelocityServlet,直接請(qǐng)求Velocity模板文件來(lái)呈現(xiàn);這種方法要在web.xml中為WebWorkVelocityServlet添加一個(gè)Servlet映射,如下:
<servlet>
<servlet-name>velocity</servlet-name>
<servlet-class>com.opensymphony.webwork.views.velocity.WebWorkVelocityServlet</servlet-class>
<load-on-startup>1</load-on-startup>
</servlet>
<servlet-mapping>
<servlet-name>velocity</servlet-name>
<url-pattern>*.vm</url-pattern>
</servlet-mapping>
使用velocity結(jié)果類型意味著Velocity模板是通過(guò)Action來(lái)呈現(xiàn)。如果訪問(wèn).vm文件,不會(huì)呈現(xiàn)該文件,而是返回文本文件。因此,Velocity模板文件應(yīng)該放在WEB-INF目錄下,使其無(wú)法直接訪問(wèn)。
使用WebWorkVelocityServlet意味著可以通過(guò)請(qǐng)求.vm文件來(lái)呈現(xiàn)Velocity模板,這可能需要在模板中實(shí)現(xiàn)安全檢查。
無(wú)論使用哪種方法,在寫模板時(shí),Velocity的所有特性都是有效的,并且有一些WebWork的特定功能可以使用。這里假設(shè)你對(duì)Velocity很熟悉,重點(diǎn)放在WebWork的特定功能上。
(1)WebWork的特定功能
WebWork在Value Stack中提供了一些可以訪問(wèn)的對(duì)象,包括:
l 當(dāng)前的HttpServletRequest
l 當(dāng)前的HttpServletResponse
l 當(dāng)前的OgnlValueStack
l OgnlTool實(shí)例
l 當(dāng)前Action類的所有屬性
要訪問(wèn)Value Stack中的對(duì)象,需要在模板中正確使用Velocity引用:
l $req=HttpServletRequest
l $res=HttpServletResponse
l $stack=OgnlValueStack
l $ognl=OgnlTool
l $name-of-property=當(dāng)前Action類的屬性
(2)使用velocity結(jié)果類型
下面的例子是使用Velocity模板作為結(jié)果,來(lái)實(shí)現(xiàn)前面的Hello例子,注意<property value="person" />標(biāo)記被$person引用所替代:
xwork.xml:
<!DOCTYPE xwork PUBLIC "-//OpenSymphony Group//XWork 1.0//EN"
"http://www.opensymphony.com/xwork/xwork-1.0.dtd">
<xwork>
<!-- Include webwork defaults (from WebWork-2.1 JAR). -->
<include file="webwork-default.xml" />
<!-- Configuration for the default package. -->
<package name="default" extends="webwork-default">
<!-- Default interceptor stack. -->
<default-interceptor-ref name="defaultStack" />
<!-- Action: Lesson 4.2: HelloAction using Velocity as result. -->
<action name="helloVelocity" class="lesson03.HelloAction">
<result name="error" type="dispatcher">ex01-index.jsp</result>
<result name="success" type="velocity">ex01-success.vm</result>
</action>
</package>
</xwork>
HelloAction.java:(同前面的例子)
ex01-index.jsp:(同前面的例子)
ex01-success.vm:
<html>
<head>
<title>WebWork Tutorial - Lesson 4.2 - Example 1</title>
</head>
<body>
Hello, $person
</body>
</html>
(3)在Velocity中使用WebWork標(biāo)記
使用Velocity模板替代JSP標(biāo)記,會(huì)失去使用JSP標(biāo)記的能力。然而,WebWork的Velocity Servlet提供了一種在Velocity模板中使用JSP標(biāo)記的方法:使用#tag、#bodytag和#param Velocimacros。下面是通用語(yǔ)法:
#tag (name-of-tag list-of-attributes)
或:
#bodytag (name-of-tag list-of-attributes)
#param (key value)
#param (key value)
...
#end
下面的例子使用Velocity實(shí)現(xiàn)4.1.1節(jié)中示范UI標(biāo)記用法的例子:
xwork.xml:
<!DOCTYPE xwork PUBLIC "-//OpenSymphony Group//XWork 1.0//EN"
"http://www.opensymphony.com/xwork/xwork-1.0.dtd">
<xwork>
<!-- Include webwork defaults (from WebWork-2.1 JAR). -->
<include file="webwork-default.xml" />
<!-- Configuration for the default package. -->
<package name="default" extends="webwork-default">
<!-- Default interceptor stack. -->
<default-interceptor-ref name="defaultStack" />
<!-- Actions: Lesson 4.2: FormProcessingAction using Velocity. -->
<action name="formProcessingVelocityIndex" class="lesson04_02.FormProcessingIndexAction">
<result name="success" type="velocity">ex02-index.vm</result>
</action>
<action name="formProcessingVelocity" class="lesson04_01_01.FormProcessingAction">
<result name="input" type="velocity">ex02-index.vm</result>
<result name="success" type="velocity">ex02-success.vm</result>
<interceptor-ref name="validationWorkflowStack" />
</action>
</package>
</xwork>
ex02-index.vm:
<html>
<head>
<title>WebWork Tutorial - Lesson 4.2 - Example 2</title>
<style type="text/css">
.errorMessage { color: red; }
</style>
</head>
<body>
<p>UI Form Tags Example using Velocity:</p>
#bodytag (Form "action='formProcessingVelocity.action'" "method='post'")
#tag (Checkbox "name='checkbox'" "label='A checkbox'" "fieldValue='checkbox_value'")
#tag (File "name='file'" "label='A file field'")
#tag (Hidden "name='hidden'" "value='hidden_value'")
#tag (Label "label='A label'")
#tag (Password "name='password'" "label='A password field'")
#tag (Radio "name='radio'" "label='Radio buttons'" "list={'One', 'Two', 'Three'}")
#tag (Select "name='select'" "label='A select list'" "list={'One', 'Two', 'Three'}"
"emptyOption=true")
#tag (Textarea "name='textarea'" "label='A text area'" "rows='3'" "cols='40'")
#tag (TextField "name='textfield'" "label='A text field'")
#tag (Submit "value='Send Form'")
#end
</body>
</html>
ex02-success.vm:
<html>
<head>
<title>WebWork Tutorial Lesson 4.2 - Example 2</title>
</head>
<body>
<p>UI Form Tags Example result using Velocity:</p>
<ul>
<li>checkbox: $!checkbox</li>
<li>file: $!file</li>
<li>hidden: $!hidden</li>
<li>password: $!password</li>
<li>radio: $!radio</li>
<li>select: $!select</li>
<li>textarea: $!textarea</li>
<li>textfield: $!textfield</li>
</ul>
</body>
</html>
FormProcessingAction.java:(同4.1.1節(jié)的例子)
FormProcessingAction-validation.xml:(同4.1.1節(jié)的例子)
下面的例子使用Velocity實(shí)現(xiàn)4.1.1節(jié)中自定義組件的例子,注意#param的用法:
ex03.vm:
<html>
<head>
<title>WebWork Tutorial - Lesson 4.2 - Example 3</title>
</head>
<body>
<p>Custom Component Example:</p>
<p>
#bodytag (Component "template=/files/templates/components/datefield.vm")
#param ("label" "Date")
#param ("name" "mydatefield")
#param ("size" "3")
#end
</p>
</body>
</html>
/files/templates/components/datefield.vm:(同4.1.1節(jié)的例子)
4.3、在WebWork中使用Freemaker(略)