寫出漂亮代碼的七種方法
首先我想說明我本文闡述的是純粹從美學的角度來寫出代碼,而非技術、邏輯等。以下為寫出漂亮代碼的七種方法:
1, 盡快結束 if語句
例如下面這個JavaScript語句,看起來就很恐怖:
- 1 function findShape(flags, point, attribute, list) {
-
- 2 if(!findShapePoints(flags, point, attribute)) {
-
- 3 if(!doFindShapePoints(flags, point, attribute)) {
-
- 4 if(!findInShape(flags, point, attribute)) {
-
- 5 if(!findFromGuide(flags,point) {
-
- 6 if(list.count() > 0 && flags == 1) {
-
- 7 doSomething();
-
- 8 }
-
- 9 }
-
- 10 }
-
- 11 }
-
- 12 }
-
- 13 }
1 function findShape(flags, point, attribute, list) {
2 if(!findShapePoints(flags, point, attribute)) {
3 if(!doFindShapePoints(flags, point, attribute)) {
4 if(!findInShape(flags, point, attribute)) {
5 if(!findFromGuide(flags,point) {
6 if(list.count() > 0 && flags == 1) {
7 doSomething();
8 }
9 }
10 }
11 }
12 }
13 }
但如果這么寫就好看得多:
- 1 function findShape(flags, point, attribute, list) {
-
- 2 if(findShapePoints(flags, point, attribute)) {
-
- 3 return;
-
- 4 }
-
- 5
-
- 6 if(doFindShapePoints(flags, point, attribute)) {
-
- 7 return;
-
- 8 }
-
- 9
-
- 10 if(findInShape(flags, point, attribute)) {
-
- 11 return;
-
- 12 }
-
- 13
-
- 14 if(findFromGuide(flags,point) {
-
- 15 return;
-
- 16 }
-
- 17
-
- 18 if (!(list.count() > 0 && flags == 1)) {
-
- 19 return;
-
- 20 }
-
- 21
-
- 22 doSomething();
-
- 23
-
- 24 }
1 function findShape(flags, point, attribute, list) {
2 if(findShapePoints(flags, point, attribute)) {
3 return;
4 }
5
6 if(doFindShapePoints(flags, point, attribute)) {
7 return;
8 }
9
10 if(findInShape(flags, point, attribute)) {
11 return;
12 }
13
14 if(findFromGuide(flags,point) {
15 return;
16 }
17
18 if (!(list.count() > 0 && flags == 1)) {
19 return;
20 }
21
22 doSomething();
23
24 }
你可能會很不喜歡第二種的表述方式,但反映出了迅速返回if值的思想,也可以理解為:避免不必要的else陳述。
2, 如果只是簡單的布爾運算(邏輯運算),不要使用if語句
例如:
- 1 function isStringEmpty(str){
-
- 2 if(str === "") {
-
- 3 return true;
-
- 4 }
-
- 5 else {
-
- 6 return false;
-
- 7 }
-
- 8 }
1 function isStringEmpty(str){
2 if(str === "") {
3 return true;
4 }
5 else {
6 return false;
7 }
8 }
可以寫為:
- 1 function isStringEmpty(str){
-
- 2 return (str === "");
-
- 3 }
1 function isStringEmpty(str){
2 return (str === "");
3 }
3, 使用空白,這是免費的
例如:
1
- function getSomeAngle() {
-
- 2
-
- 3 radAngle1 = Math.atan(slope(center, point1));
-
- 4 radAngle2 = Math.atan(slope(center, point2));
-
- 5 firstAngle = getStartAngle(radAngle1, point1, center);
-
- 6 secondAngle = getStartAngle(radAngle2, point2, center);
-
- 7 radAngle1 = degreesToRadians(firstAngle);
-
- 8 radAngle2 = degreesToRadians(secondAngle);
-
- 9 baseRadius = distance(point, center);
-
- 10 radius = baseRadius + (lines * y);
-
- 11 p1["x"] = roundValue(radius * Math.cos(radAngle1) + center["x"]);
-
- 12 p1["y"] = roundValue(radius * Math.sin(radAngle1) + center["y"]);
-
- 13 pt2["x"] = roundValue(radius * Math.cos(radAngle2) + center["y"]);
-
- 14 pt2["y"] = roundValue(radius * Math.sin(radAngle2) + center["y");
-
- 15
-
- 16 }
function getSomeAngle() {
2 // Some code here then
3 radAngle1 = Math.atan(slope(center, point1));
4 radAngle2 = Math.atan(slope(center, point2));
5 firstAngle = getStartAngle(radAngle1, point1, center);
6 secondAngle = getStartAngle(radAngle2, point2, center);
7 radAngle1 = degreesToRadians(firstAngle);
8 radAngle2 = degreesToRadians(secondAngle);
9 baseRadius = distance(point, center);
10 radius = baseRadius + (lines * y);
11 p1["x"] = roundValue(radius * Math.cos(radAngle1) + center["x"]);
12 p1["y"] = roundValue(radius * Math.sin(radAngle1) + center["y"]);
13 pt2["x"] = roundValue(radius * Math.cos(radAngle2) + center["y"]);
14 pt2["y"] = roundValue(radius * Math.sin(radAngle2) + center["y");
15 // Now some more code
16 }
很多開發者不愿意使用空白,就好像這要收費一樣。我在此并非刻意地添加空白,粗魯地打斷代碼的連貫性。在實際編寫代碼的過程中,會很容易地發現在什么地方加入空白,這不但美觀而且讓讀者易懂,如下:
- 1 function getSomeAngle() {
-
- 2
-
- 3 radAngle1 = Math.atan(slope(center, point1));
-
- 4 radAngle2 = Math.atan(slope(center, point2));
-
- 5
-
- 6 firstAngle = getStartAngle(radAngle1, point1, center);
-
- 7 secondAngle = getStartAngle(radAngle2, point2, center);
-
- 8
-
- 9 radAngle1 = degreesToRadians(firstAngle);
-
- 10 radAngle2 = degreesToRadians(secondAngle);
-
- 11
-
- 12 baseRadius = distance(point, center);
-
- 13 radius = baseRadius + (lines * y);
-
- 14
-
- 15 p1["x"] = roundValue(radius * Math.cos(radAngle1) + center["x"]);
-
- 16 p1["y"] = roundValue(radius * Math.sin(radAngle1) + center["y"]);
-
- 17
-
- 18 pt2["x"] = roundValue(radius * Math.cos(radAngle2) + center["y"]);
-
- 19 pt2["y"] = roundValue(radius * Math.sin(radAngle2) + center["y");
-
- 20
-
- 21 }
-
-
-
- 4, 不要使用無謂的注釋
-
- 無謂的注釋讓人費神,這實在很討厭。不要標出很明顯的注釋。在以下的例子中,每個人都知道代碼表達的是“students id”,因而沒必要標出。
-
- 1 function existsStudent(id, list) {
-
- 2 for(i = 0; i < list.length; i++) {
-
- 3 student = list[i];
-
- 4
-
- 5
-
- 6 thisId = student.getId();
-
- 7
-
- 8 if(thisId === id) {
-
- 9 return true;
-
- 10 }
-
- 11 }
-
- 12 return false;
-
- 13 }
1 function getSomeAngle() {
2 // Some code here then
3 radAngle1 = Math.atan(slope(center, point1));
4 radAngle2 = Math.atan(slope(center, point2));
5
6 firstAngle = getStartAngle(radAngle1, point1, center);
7 secondAngle = getStartAngle(radAngle2, point2, center);
8
9 radAngle1 = degreesToRadians(firstAngle);
10 radAngle2 = degreesToRadians(secondAngle);
11
12 baseRadius = distance(point, center);
13 radius = baseRadius + (lines * y);
14
15 p1["x"] = roundValue(radius * Math.cos(radAngle1) + center["x"]);
16 p1["y"] = roundValue(radius * Math.sin(radAngle1) + center["y"]);
17
18 pt2["x"] = roundValue(radius * Math.cos(radAngle2) + center["y"]);
19 pt2["y"] = roundValue(radius * Math.sin(radAngle2) + center["y");
20 // Now some more code
21 }
4, 不要使用無謂的注釋
無謂的注釋讓人費神,這實在很討厭。不要標出很明顯的注釋。在以下的例子中,每個人都知道代碼表達的是“students id”,因而沒必要標出。
1 function existsStudent(id, list) {
2 for(i = 0; i < list.length; i++) {
3 student = list[i];
4
5 // Get the student's id
6 thisId = student.getId();
7
8 if(thisId === id) {
9 return true;
10 }
11 }
12 return false;
13 }
5, 不要在源文件中留下已經刪除的代碼,哪怕你標注了
如果你使用了版本控制,那么你就可以輕松地找回前一個版本的代碼。如果別人大費周折地讀了你的代碼,卻發現是要刪除的代碼,這實在太恨人了。
//function thisReallyHandyFunction() {
// someMagic();
// someMoreMagic();
// magicNumber = evenMoreMagic();
// return magicNumber;
//}
6,不要有太長的代碼
看太長的代碼實在太費勁,尤其是代碼本身的功能又很小。如下:
- 1 public static EnumMap<Category, IntPair> getGroupCategoryDistribution(EnumMap<Category, Integer> sizes, int groups) {
-
- 2 EnumMap<Category, IntPair> categoryGroupCounts = new EnumMap<Category,IntPair>(Category.class);
-
- 3
-
- 4 for(Category cat : Category.values()) {
-
- 5 categoryGroupCounts.put(cat, getCategoryDistribution(sizes.get(cat), groups));
-
- 6 }
1 public static EnumMap<Category, IntPair> getGroupCategoryDistribution(EnumMap<Category, Integer> sizes, int groups) {
2 EnumMap<Category, IntPair> categoryGroupCounts = new EnumMap<Category,IntPair>(Category.class);
3
4 for(Category cat : Category.values()) {
5 categoryGroupCounts.put(cat, getCategoryDistribution(sizes.get(cat), groups));
6 }
#
我并不是說非要堅持70個字符以內,但是一個比較理想的長度是控制在120個字符內。如果你把代碼發布在互聯網上,用戶讀起來就很困難。
7,不要在一個功能(或者函數內)有太多代碼行
我的一個老同事曾經說Visual C++很臭,因為它不允許你在一個函數內擁有超過10,000行代碼。我記不清代碼行數的上限,不知道他說的是否正確,但我很不贊成他的觀點。如果一個函數超過了50行,看起來有多費勁你知道么,還有沒完沒了的if循環,而且你還的滾動鼠標前后對照這段代碼。對我而言,超過35行的代碼理解起來就很困難了。我的建議是超過這個數字就把一個函數代碼分割成兩個。