說明：
??????? 下面是我在開發中使用的build.xml文件以及其附屬文件，為使層次清晰我將公用任務放入common.xml中，另外還有一些配置文件，這個build.xml會在今后開發中不斷完善。

??????? 1、build.xml文件
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="gb2312"?>
<project name="message" basedir="." default="help">
? <property name="webapp.name" value="message"/>
? <import file="../message/common.xml"/>

? <!-- "test" 任務用于執行junit的單元測試 -->
? <target name="test" description="Run junit test.">
??? <mkdir dir="${build.dir}/test"/>
??? <mkdir dir="${build.dir}/report"/>
??
??? <junit printsummary="yes">
????? <formatter type="xml"/>
?? <test name="cn.hxex.message.test.AllTests"/>
?? <classpath refid="classpath"/>
??? </junit>
???
??? <junitreport todir="${build.dir}/test">
????? <fileset dir=".">
???? <include name="TEST-*.xml"/>
?? </fileset>
?? <report format="noframes" todir="${build.dir}/report"/>
??? </junitreport>
? </target>
?
? <!-- "run"任務用于運行指定程序 -->?
? <target name="run">
??? <java classname="cn.hxex.basic.exercise.LifeCycle">
????? <classpath refid="classpath"/>
??? </java>
? </target>
</project>

??????? 2、common.xml文件
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="gb2312"?>
<project>
? <!-- 直接設置項目文件夾變量，也可以寫一個配置文件，用file屬性引入 -->
? <!--
? <property file="webapp.properties"/>
?? -->
? <property name="src.dir" value="src"/>
? <property name="build.dir" value="WebRoot"/>
? <property name="webpage.dir" value="${build.dir}/webpage"/>
? <property name="webinf.dir" value="${build.dir}/webinf"/>
? <property name="lib.dir" value="${webinf.dir}/lib"/>
? <property name="classes.dir" value="${webinf.dir}/classes"/>
?
? <!-- 取得環境變量TOMCAT_HOME的值 -->
? <property environment="env"/>
? <property name="tomcat.home" value="${env.TOMCAT_HOME}"/>
? <property name="ant.home" value="${env.ANT_HOME}"/>
?
? <!-- 引入有關tomcat的變量配置文件，也可以象上面一樣，直接在這里設置 -->
? <property file="tomcat.properties"/>
? <!--
? <property name="tomcat.server" value="localhost"/>
? <property name="tomcat.manager.url" value="http://${tomcat.server}/manager"/>
? <property name="tomcat.username" value="admin"/>
? <property name="tomcat.password" value=""/>
?? -->
?
? <!-- 設置任務要執行的類操作 -->
? <!-- 可引入設置tomcat任務的配置文件 -->
? <taskdef file="tomcatTasks.properties">
??? <classpath>
????? <pathelement path="${tomcat.home}/server/lib/catalina-ant.jar"/>
??? </classpath>
? </taskdef>
?
? <!-- 也可逐一設置任務
? <taskdef name="deployc" classname="org.apache.catalina.ant.DeployTask">
??? <classpath>
????? <pathelement path="${tomcat.home}/server/lib/catalina-ant.jar"/>
??? </classpath>
? </taskdef>
?
? <taskdef name="install" classname="org.apache.catalina.ant.InstallTask">
??? <classpath>
????? <pathelement path="${tomcat.home}/server/lib/catalina-ant.jar"/>
??? </classpath>
? </taskdef>
?
? <taskdef name="list" classname="org.apache.catalina.ant.ListTask">
??? <classpath>
????? <pathelement path="${tomcat.home}/server/lib/catalina-ant.jar"/>
??? </classpath>
? </taskdef>
?
? <taskdef name="reload" classname="org.apache.catalina.ant.ReloadTask">
??? <classpath>
????? <pathelement path="${tomcat.home}/server/lib/catalina-ant.jar"/>
??? </classpath>
? </taskdef>
?
? <taskdef name="remove" classname="org.apache.catalina.ant.RemoveTask">
??? <classpath>
????? <pathelement path="${tomcat.home}/server/lib/catalina-ant.jar"/>
??? </classpath>
? </taskdef>
?
? <taskdef name="resources" classname="org.apache.catalina.ant.ResourcesTask">
??? <classpath>
????? <pathelement path="${tomcat.home}/server/lib/catalina-ant.jar"/>
??? </classpath>
? </taskdef>
?
? <taskdef name="roles" classname="org.apache.catalina.ant.RolesTask">
??? <classpath>
????? <pathelement path="${tomcat.home}/server/lib/catalina-ant.jar"/>
??? </classpath>
? </taskdef>
?
? <taskdef name="start" classname="org.apache.catalina.ant.StartTask">
??? <classpath>
????? <pathelement path="${tomcat.home}/server/lib/catalina-ant.jar"/>
??? </classpath>
? </taskdef>
?
? <taskdef name="stop" classname="org.apache.catalina.ant.StopTask">
??? <classpath>
????? <pathelement path="${tomcat.home}/server/lib/catalina-ant.jar"/>
??? </classpath>
? </taskdef>
?
? <taskdef name="undeploy" classname="org.apache.catalina.ant.UndeployTask">
??? <classpath>
????? <pathelement path="${tomcat.home}/server/lib/catalina-ant.jar"/>
??? </classpath>
? </taskdef>
? -->
? <!--
? <taskdef name="junit" classname="org.apache.tools.ant.taskdefs.optional.junit.JUnitTask">
??? <classpath>
????? <pathelement path="${ant.home}/lib/ant-junit.jar"/>
??? </classpath>
? </taskdef>-->
?????
? <!-- 設置類路徑 -->
? <path id="classpath">
??? <fileset dir="${lib.dir}">
????? <include name="*.jar"/>
??? </fileset>
?
??? <fileset dir="${tomcat.home}/common/lib">
????? <include name="*.jar"/>
??? </fileset>
???
??? <fileset dir="${ant.home}/lib">
????? <include name="*.jar"/>
??? </fileset>
???
??? <pathelement path="${classes.dir}"/>
? </path>

? <!-- "help"任務用于顯示幫助信息 -->
? <target name="help">
??? <echo message=""/>
??? <echo message="${webapp.name} build file"/>
??? <echo message="----------------------------------------------------------"/>
??? <echo message=""/>
??? <echo message="Available targets are:"/>
??? <echo message=""/>
??? <echo message="help??? --> Print this screen."/>
??? <echo message="start?? --> Start Tomcat application."/>
??? <echo message="stop??? --> Stop Tomcat application."/>
??? <echo message="list??? --> List Tomcat applications."/>
??? <echo message="compile --> Compile all Java files."/>
??? <echo message="deploy? --> Deploy the project to the tomcat."/>
??? <echo message="clean?? --> Clean output directories."/>
??? <echo message="new???? --> Creates a new project with the specified name."/>
??? <echo message="test??? --> Run junit test."/>
? </target>

? <!-- "start"任務用于啟動Tomcat -->
? <target name="start" description="Start Tomcat application">
??? <start url="${tomcat.manager.url}"
?????????? username="${tomcat.username}"
?????????? password="${tomcat.password}"
?????????? path="/${webapp.name}"/>
? </target>

? <!-- "stop"任務用于停止Tomcat -->
? <target name="stop" description="Stop Tomcat application">
??? <stop url="${tomcat.manager.url}"
????????? username="${tomcat.username}"
????????? password="${tomcat.password}"
????????? path="/${webapp.name}"/>
? </target>

? <!-- "list"任務用于顯示Tomcat中應用名 -->
? <target name="list" description="List Tomcat applications">
??? <list url="${tomcat.manager.url}"
????????? username="${tomcat.username}"
????????? password="${tomcat.password}"/>
? </target>?
?
? <!-- "clean"任務用于清除所有文件及文件夾 -->
? <target name="clean" description="Clean output directories">
??? <delete dir="${classes.dir}"/>
??? <delete dir="${tomcat.home}/webapps/${webapp.name}"/>
? </target>

? <!-- "compile"任務用于編譯源代碼和復制Hibernate配置文件到指定類文件夾 -->
? <target name="compile" description="compile the java source and copy the configuration file">
??? <mkdir dir="${classes.dir}"/>
??? <javac destdir="${classes.dir}"
?????????? target="1.5" source="1.5" debug="true"
?????????? deprecation="true" optimize="false" failonerror="true">
????? <src path="${src.dir}"/>
????? <classpath refid="classpath"/>
??? </javac>
?
??? <!-- 復制hibernate映射文件到項目下的classes文件中 -->
??? <copy todir="${classes.dir}">
????? <fileset dir="${src.dir}" includes="**/*.xml"/>
????? <fileset dir="${src.dir}" includes="**/*.properties"/>
??? </copy>
?
??? <!-- 復制配置文件到項目下的classes文件中 -->
??? <copy todir="${tomcat.home}/webapps/${webapp.name}/WEB-INF/classes">
????? <fileset dir="${classes.dir}" includes="**/*.xml"/>
????? <fileset dir="${classes.dir}" includes="**/*.properties">
??????? <exclude name="**/*_zh.properties"/>
????? </fileset>?
??? </copy>
?
??? <!-- 對中文配置文件進行編碼編譯 -->
??? <native2ascii dest="${tomcat.home}/webapps/${webapp.name}/WEB-INF/classes"
????????????????? encoding="UTF-8"
????????????????? src="${classes.dir}" includes="**/*_zh.properties"/>
? </target>

? <!-- "deploy"任務用于部署項目和復制配置文件到tomcat容器 -->
? <target name="deploy" depends="compile" description="deploy the project to the tomcat!">
??? <!-- 復制web網頁文件 -->
??? <copy todir="${tomcat.home}/webapps/${webapp.name}" preservelastmodified="true">
????? <fileset dir="${webpage.dir}">
??????? <include name="**/*.*"/>
??????? <exclude name="**/readme.txt"/>
????? </fileset>
??? </copy>
?
??? <!-- 復制類文件 -->
??? <copy todir="${tomcat.home}/webapps/${webapp.name}/WEB-INF/classes"
????????? preservelastmodified="true">
????? <fileset dir="${classes.dir}"/>
??? </copy>
???
??? <!-- 復制庫文件 -->
??? <copy todir="${tomcat.home}/webapps/${webapp.name}/WEB-INF/lib"
????????? preservelastmodified="true">
????? <fileset dir="${lib.dir}">
??????? <exclude name="**/readme.txt"/>
????? </fileset>
??? </copy>
?
??? <!-- 復制配置文件 -->
??? <copy todir="${tomcat.home}/webapps/${webapp.name}/WEB-INF"
????????? preservelastmodified="true">
????? <fileset dir="${webinf.dir}">
??????? <exclude name="**/readme.txt"/>
????? </fileset>
????? <fileset dir="${build.dir}">
??????? <include name="*.xml"/>
??????? <include name="*..properties"/>
????? </fileset>
??? </copy>
? </target>

? <!-- "new"任務用于創建一個新的項目，復制原項目，并改為新項目名 -->
? <target name="new" description="creates a new project with the specified name">
??? <echo level="info">
????? +----------------------------------------------------------+
????? |??? -- Welcome to the AppDemo New Application Wizard! --? |
????? |????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? |
????? | To create a new application, please answer the following |
????? | questions.?????????????????????????????????????????????? |
????? +----------------------------------------------------------+
??? </echo>
??? <echo/>
?
??? <!-- 提示用戶輸入新建的項目名 -->
??? <input message="What would you like to name your application [myapp]?"
?????????? addproperty="app.name" defaultvalue="myapp"/>
?
??? <echo level="info">
????? Creating new application named '${app.name}'...
??? </echo>
??? <copy todir="../${app.name}">
????? <fileset dir="${basedir}">
??????? <exclude name="${lib.dir}/*.txt"/>
????? </fileset>
??? </copy>
?
??? <!-- 替換應用名 -->
??? <replaceregexp flags="g">
????? <regexp pattern="message"/>
????? <substitution expression="${app.name}"/>
????? <fileset dir="../${app.name}">
??????? <include name="**"/>
??????? <exclude name="**/*.jar"/>
????? </fileset>
??? </replaceregexp>
? </target>
</project>

??????? 3、webapp.properties文件
src.dir=src
build.dir=WebRoot
webpage.dir=${build.dir}/webpage
webinf.dir=${build.dir}/webinf
lib.dir=${webinf.dir}/lib
classes.dir=${webinf.dir}/classes

??????? 4、tomcatTasks.properties文件
deploy=org.apache.catalina.ant.DeployTask
install=org.apache.catalina.ant.InstallTask
list=org.apache.catalina.ant.ListTask
reload=org.apache.catalina.ant.ReloadTask
remove=org.apache.catalina.ant.RemoveTask
resources=org.apache.catalina.ant.ResourcesTask
roles=org.apache.catalina.ant.RolesTask
start=org.apache.catalina.ant.StartTask
stop=org.apache.catalina.ant.StopTask
undeploy=org.apache.catalina.ant.UndeployTask

??????? 5、tomcat.properties文件
tomcat.server=localhost
tomcat.manager.url=http://${tomcat.server}/manager
tomcat.username=admin
tomcat.password=