轉(zhuǎn)自:http://www.aboutyun.com/forum.php?mod=viewthread&tid=8590&highlight=hive
問題導(dǎo)讀:
1.如何查看hive表結(jié)構(gòu)?
2.如何查看表結(jié)構(gòu)信息?
3.如何查看分區(qū)信息?
4.哪個(gè)命令可以模糊搜索表
1.hive模糊搜索表
show tables like '*name*';
2.查看表結(jié)構(gòu)信息
desc formatted table_name;
desc table_name;
3.查看分區(qū)信息
show partitions table_name;
4.根據(jù)分區(qū)查詢數(shù)據(jù)
select table_coulm from table_name where partition_name = '2014-02-25';
5.查看hdfs文件信息
dfs -ls /user/hive/warehouse/table02;
6.從文件加載數(shù)據(jù)進(jìn)表(OVERWRITE覆蓋,追加不需要OVERWRITE關(guān)鍵字)
LOAD DATA LOCAL INPATH 'dim_csl_rule_config.txt' OVERWRITE into table dim.dim_csl_rule_config;
--從查詢語(yǔ)句給table插入數(shù)據(jù)
INSERT OVERWRITE TABLE test_h02_click_log PARTITION(dt) select *
from stage.s_h02_click_log where dt='2014-01-22' limit 100;
7.導(dǎo)出數(shù)據(jù)到文件
insert overwrite directory '/tmp/csl_rule_cfg' select a.* from dim.dim_csl_rule_config a;
hive -e "select day_id,pv,uv,ip_count,click_next_count,second_bounce_rate,return_visit,pg_type from tmp.tmp_h02_click_log_baitiao_ag_sum where day_id in ('2014-03-06','2014-03-07','2014-03-08','2014-03-09','2014-03-10');"> /home/jrjt/testan/baitiao.dat;
8.自定義udf函數(shù)
1.繼承UDF類
2.重寫evaluate方法
3.把項(xiàng)目打成jar包
4.hive中執(zhí)行命令add jar /home/jrjt/dwetl/PUB/UDF/udf/GetProperty.jar;
5.創(chuàng)建函數(shù)create temporary function get_pro as 'jd.Get_Property'//jd.jd.Get_Property為類路徑;
9.查詢顯示列名 及 行轉(zhuǎn)列顯示
set hive.cli.print.header=true; // 打印列名
set hive.cli.print.row.to.vertical=true; // 開啟行轉(zhuǎn)列功能, 前提必須開啟打印列名功能
set hive.cli.print.row.to.vertical.num=1; // 設(shè)置每行顯示的列數(shù)
10.查看表文件大小,下載文件到某個(gè)目錄,顯示多少行到某個(gè)文件
dfs -du hdfs://BJYZH3-HD-JRJT-4137.jd.com:54310/user/jrjt/warehouse/stage.db/s_h02_click_log;
dfs -get /user/jrjt/warehouse/ods.db/o_h02_click_log_i_new/dt=2014-01-21/000212_0 /home/jrjt/testan/;
head -n 1000 文件名 > 文件名
11.殺死某個(gè)任務(wù) 不在hive shell中執(zhí)行
hadoop job -kill job_201403041453_58315
12.hive-wui路徑
http://172.17.41.38/jobtracker.jsp
13.刪除分區(qū)
alter table tmp_h02_click_log_baitiao drop partition(dt='2014-03-01');
alter table d_h02_click_log_basic_d_fact drop partition(dt='2014-01-17');
14.hive命令行操作
執(zhí)行一個(gè)查詢,在終端上顯示mapreduce的進(jìn)度,執(zhí)行完畢后,最后把查詢結(jié)果輸出到終端上,接著hive進(jìn)程退出,不會(huì)進(jìn)入交互模式。
hive -e 'select table_cloum from table'
-S,終端上的輸出不會(huì)有mapreduce的進(jìn)度,執(zhí)行完畢,只會(huì)把查詢結(jié)果輸出到終端上。這個(gè)靜音模式很實(shí)用,,通過第三方程序調(diào)用,第三方程序通過hive的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)輸出獲取結(jié)果集。
hive -S -e 'select table_cloum from table'
執(zhí)行sql文件
hive -f hive_sql.sql
15.hive上操作hadoop文件基本命令
查看文件大小
dfs -du /user/jrjt/warehouse/tmp.db/tmp_h02_click_log/dt=2014-02-15;
刪除文件
dfs -rm /user/jrjt/warehouse/tmp.db/tmp_h02_click_log/dt=2014-02-15;
16.插入數(shù)據(jù)sql、導(dǎo)出數(shù)據(jù)sql
1.insert 語(yǔ)法格式為:
基本的插入語(yǔ)法:
INSERT OVERWRITE TABLE tablename [PARTITON(partcol1=val1,partclo2=val2)]select_statement FROM from_statement
insert overwrite table test_insert select * from test_table;
對(duì)多個(gè)表進(jìn)行插入操作:
FROM fromstatte
INSERT OVERWRITE TABLE tablename1 [PARTITON(partcol1=val1,partclo2=val2)]select_statement1
INSERT OVERWRITE TABLE tablename2 [PARTITON(partcol1=val1,partclo2=val2)]select_statement2
from test_table
insert overwrite table test_insert1
select key
insert overwrite table test_insert2
select value;
insert的時(shí)候,from子句即可以放在select 子句后面,也可以放在 insert子句前面。
hive不支持用insert語(yǔ)句一條一條的進(jìn)行插入操作,也不支持update操作。數(shù)據(jù)是以load的方式加載到建立好的表中。數(shù)據(jù)一旦導(dǎo)入就不可以修改。
2.通過查詢將數(shù)據(jù)保存到filesystem
INSERT OVERWRITE [LOCAL] DIRECTORY directory SELECT.... FROM .....
導(dǎo)入數(shù)據(jù)到本地目錄:
insert overwrite local directory '/home/zhangxin/hive' select * from test_insert1;
產(chǎn)生的文件會(huì)覆蓋指定目錄中的其他文件,即將目錄中已經(jīng)存在的文件進(jìn)行刪除。
導(dǎo)出數(shù)據(jù)到HDFS中:
insert overwrite directory '/user/zhangxin/export_test' select value from test_table;
同一個(gè)查詢結(jié)果可以同時(shí)插入到多個(gè)表或者多個(gè)目錄中:
from test_insert1
insert overwrite local directory '/home/zhangxin/hive' select *
insert overwrite directory '/user/zhangxin/export_test' select value;
17.mapjoin的使用 應(yīng)用場(chǎng)景:1.關(guān)聯(lián)操作中有一張表非常小 2.不等值的鏈接操作
select /*+ mapjoin(A)*/ f.a,f.b from A t join B f on ( f.a=t.a and f.ftime=20110802)
18.perl啟動(dòng)任務(wù)
perl /home/jrjt/dwetl/APP/APP/A_H02_CLICK_LOG_CREDIT_USER/bin/a_h02_click_log_credit_user.pl
APP_A_H02_CLICK_LOG_CREDIT_USER_20140215.dir >& /home/jrjt/dwetl/LOG/APP/20140306/a_h02_click_log_credit_user.pl.4.log
19.查看perl進(jìn)程
ps -ef|grep perl
20.hive命令移動(dòng)表數(shù)據(jù)到另外一張表目錄下并添加分區(qū)
dfs -cp /user/jrjt/warehouse/tmp.db/tmp_h02_click_log/dt=2014-02-18 /user/jrjt/warehouse/ods.db/o_h02_click_log/;
dfs -cp /user/jrjt/warehouse/tmp.db/tmp_h02_click_log_baitiao/* /user/jrjt/warehouse/dw.db/d_h02_click_log_baitiao_basic_d_fact/;--復(fù)制所有分區(qū)數(shù)據(jù)
alter table d_h02_click_log_baitiao_basic_d_fact add partition(dt='2014-03-11') location '/user/jrjt/warehouse/dw.db/d_h02_click_log_baitiao_basic_d_fact/dt=2014-03-11';
21.導(dǎo)出白條數(shù)據(jù)
hive -e "select day_id,pv,uv,ip_count,click_next_count,second_bounce_rate,return_visit,pg_type from tmp.tmp_h02_click_log_baitiao_ag_sum where day_id like '2014-03%';"> /home/jrjt/testan/baitiao.xlsx;
22.hive修改表名
ALTER TABLE o_h02_click_log_i RENAME TO o_h02_click_log_i_bk;
23.hive復(fù)制表結(jié)構(gòu)
CREATE TABLE d_h02_click_log_baitiao_ag_sum LIKE tmp.tmp_h02_click_log_baitiao_ag_sum;
24.hive官網(wǎng)網(wǎng)址
https://cwiki.apache.org/conflue ... ionandConfiguration
http://www.360doc.com/content/12/0111/11/7362_178698714.shtml
25.hive添加字段
alter table tmp_h02_click_log_baitiao_ag_sum add columns(current_session_timelenth_count bigint comment '頁(yè)面停留總時(shí)長(zhǎng)');
ALTER TABLE tmp_h02_click_log_baitiao CHANGE current_session_timelenth current_session_timelenth bigint comment '當(dāng)前會(huì)話停留時(shí)間';
26.hive開啟簡(jiǎn)單模式不啟用mr
set hive.fetch.task.conversion=more;
27.以json格式輸出執(zhí)行語(yǔ)句會(huì)讀取的input table和input partition信息
Explain dependency query
posted on 2015-02-13 15:19
xzc 閱讀(3917)
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