RMAN常用設置
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1、打開和關閉數據庫：
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基礎知識回顧：
Oracle的啟動過程分為三個階段：
① 啟動數據庫實例：讀取定義啟動參數的文件、分配SGA區、啟動后臺進程
② 加載數據庫文件：讀取參數文件指定的控制文件、將數據庫文件與已啟動實例關聯
③ 打開數據庫：打開聯機數據文件、日志文件
數據庫啟動可分為：
① startup：正常方式啟動實例、加載數據庫文件、打開數據庫
② startup force：強制打開數據庫
③ startup mount：只啟動實例，不打開數據庫(用于切換模式、恢復數據等)
④ alter database open：startup mount后打開數據庫
數據庫關閉可分為：
① shutdown normal：正常關閉，必須等所有用戶退出后才關閉
② shutdown immediate：立即關閉，所有正在處理的事務回退
③ shutdown abort：異常關閉，馬上關閉數據庫，但不對事務進行處理
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由于備份一般需要在關閉數據庫的情況下操作，所以RMAN具有直接打開和關閉數據庫的功能。
所有操作指令與sqlplus下的命令完全相同。
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2、常用命令
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①
要使用操作系統命令：
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RMAN> host;
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Microsoft Windows XP [版本 5.1.2600]
(C) 版權所有 1985-2001 Microsoft Corp.
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C:\Documents and Settings\wangxiaoqi>
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與SqlPlus中不同的是，RMAN中host后面必須加“;”
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② 使用SQL命令：
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RMAN> SQL 'ALTER SYSTEM ARCHIVE LOG ALL';
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但是使用SQL命令的限制比較多，主要是針對數據庫級的操作，很多的SQL語句都是無法使用的
因此最好的方法是：
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RMAN> host;
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Microsoft Windows XP [版本 5.1.2600]
(C) 版權所有 1985-2001 Microsoft Corp.
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C:\Documents and Settings\wangxiaoqi>sqlplus wangxiaoqi/wangxiaoqi
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SQL*Plus: Release 9.2.0.1.0 - Production on Thu Sep 18 14:30:03 2008
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Copyright (c) 1982, 2002, Oracle Corporation.? All rights reserved.
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Connected to:
Oracle9i Enterprise Edition Release 9.2.0.1.0 - Production
With the Partitioning, OLAP and Oracle Data Mining options
JServer Release 9.2.0.1.0 - Production
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SQL>
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3、
首先列出所有指標：
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RMAN> show all;
using target database controlfile instead of recovery catalog
RMAN configuration parameters are:
CONFIGURE RETENTION POLICY TO REDUNDANCY 1; # default
CONFIGURE BACKUP OPTIMIZATION OFF; # default
CONFIGURE DEFAULT DEVICE TYPE TO DISK; # default
CONFIGURE CONTROLFILE AUTOBACKUP OFF; # default
CONFIGURE CONTROLFILE AUTOBACKUP FORMAT FOR DEVICE TYPE DISK TO '%F'; # default
CONFIGURE DEVICE TYPE DISK PARALLELISM 1; # default
CONFIGURE DATAFILE BACKUP COPIES FOR DEVICE TYPE DISK TO 1; # default
CONFIGURE ARCHIVELOG BACKUP COPIES FOR DEVICE TYPE DISK TO 1; # default
CONFIGURE MAXSETSIZE TO UNLIMITED; # default
CONFIGURE SNAPSHOT CONTROLFILE NAME TO 'D:\ORACLE\ORA92\DATABASE\SNCFDODO.ORA';# default
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4、
配置自動通道數：
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RMAN> show device type;
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RMAN configuration parameters are:
CONFIGURE DEVICE TYPE DISK PARALLELISM 1; # default
RMAN> configure device type disk parallelism 2;
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new RMAN configuration parameters:
CONFIGURE DEVICE TYPE DISK PARALLELISM 2;
new RMAN configuration parameters are successfully stored
starting full resync of recovery catalog
full resync complete
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RMAN>?show device type;
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RMAN configuration parameters are:
CONFIGURE DEVICE TYPE DISK PARALLELISM 2;
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若要清除對通道數的設置：
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RMAN> configure device type disk clear;
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old RMAN configuration parameters:
CONFIGURE DEVICE TYPE DISK PARALLELISM 2;
RMAN configuration parameters are successfully reset to default value
starting full resync of recovery catalog
full resync complete
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5、制定自動通道默認設備：
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RMAN> show default device type;
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RMAN configuration parameters are:
CONFIGURE DEFAULT DEVICE TYPE TO DISK; # default
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RMAN> configure default device type to sbt; --磁帶備份
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new RMAN configuration parameters:
CONFIGURE DEFAULT DEVICE TYPE TO 'SBT_TAPE';
new RMAN configuration parameters are successfully stored
starting full resync of recovery catalog
full resync complete
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RMAN> configure default device type clear;? --還原默認設置
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old RMAN configuration parameters:
CONFIGURE DEFAULT DEVICE TYPE TO 'SBT_TAPE';
RMAN configuration parameters are successfully reset to default value
starting full resync of recovery catalog
full resync complete
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6、配置磁盤：
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RMAN> show channel;
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RMAN configuration parameters are:
RMAN configuration has no stored or default parameters
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RMAN> configure channel device type disk format 'D:\oracle\oradata\dodo\rmanback\ora_%t_%s_%p';
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new RMAN configuration parameters:
CONFIGURE CHANNEL DEVICE TYPE DISK FORMAT?? 'D:\oracle\oradata\dodo\rmanback\ora_%t_%s_%p';
new RMAN configuration parameters are successfully stored
starting full resync of recovery catalog
full resync complete
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RMAN>? configure channel 2 device type disk format 'D:\oracle\oradata\dodo\rmanback\ora_%t_%s_%p';
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new RMAN configuration parameters:
CONFIGURE CHANNEL 2 DEVICE TYPE DISK FORMAT?? 'D:\oracle\oradata\dodo\rmanback\ora_%t_%s_%p';
new RMAN configuration parameters are successfully stored
starting full resync of recovery catalog
full resync complete
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RMAN> show channel;
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RMAN configuration parameters are:
CONFIGURE CHANNEL DEVICE TYPE DISK FORMAT?? 'D:\oracle\oradata\dodo\rmanback\ora_%t_%s_%p';
CONFIGURE CHANNEL 2 DEVICE TYPE DISK FORMAT?? 'D:\oracle\oradata\dodo\rmanback\ora_%t_%s_%p';
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注：%t代替時間戳；%s代替備份組號；%p代替備份片號
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取消：
RMAN> configure channel 2 device type disk clear;
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old RMAN configuration parameters:
CONFIGURE CHANNEL 2 DEVICE TYPE DISK FORMAT?? 'D:\oracle\oradata\dodo\rmanback\ora_%t_%s_%p';
old RMAN configuration parameters are successfully deleted
starting full resync of recovery catalog
full resync complete
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7、控制文件配置：
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啟動控制文件的自動備份：
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RMAN> configure controlfile autobackup on;
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new RMAN configuration parameters:
CONFIGURE CONTROLFILE AUTOBACKUP ON;
new RMAN configuration parameters are successfully stored
starting full resync of recovery catalog
full resync complete
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RMAN> show controlfile autobackup;
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RMAN configuration parameters are:
CONFIGURE CONTROLFILE AUTOBACKUP ON;
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設置控制文件、服務器參數文件備份文件格式路徑：
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RMAN> configure controlfile autobackup format for device type disk to 'D:\oracle
\oradata\dodo\rmanback\ctl_%F';? --F必須大寫
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new RMAN configuration parameters:
CONFIGURE CONTROLFILE AUTOBACKUP FORMAT FOR DEVICE TYPE DISK TO 'D:\oracle\orada
ta\dodo\rmanback\ctl_%F';
new RMAN configuration parameters are successfully stored
starting full resync of recovery catalog
full resync complete
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8、保存策略：
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保存策略分兩種
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時間策略：決定至少有一個備份能恢復到指定的日期
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RMAN> configure retention policy to recovery window of 3 days;
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new RMAN configuration parameters:
CONFIGURE RETENTION POLICY TO RECOVERY WINDOW OF 3 DAYS;
new RMAN configuration parameters are successfully stored
starting full resync of recovery catalog
full resync complete
注：保證至少有一個備份能恢復到3天前的時間點上，之前備份標注為obsolete
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冗余策略：決定至少有幾個冗余的備份：
RMAN> configure retention policy to redundancy 3;
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old RMAN configuration parameters:
CONFIGURE RETENTION POLICY TO RECOVERY WINDOW OF 3 DAYS;
new RMAN configuration parameters:
CONFIGURE RETENTION POLICY TO REDUNDANCY 3;
new RMAN configuration parameters are successfully stored
starting full resync of recovery catalog
full resync complete
注：至少需要有3個冗余備份，若多于3個，則以前備份標記為obsolete
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RMAN> show retention policy
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RMAN configuration parameters are:
CONFIGURE RETENTION POLICY TO REDUNDANCY 3;
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-The End-