一:struts2概要 以WebWork優秀設計思想為核心,吸收了struts1的部分優點。
二:struts2詳解 主要就是詳解struts2與struts1之間的區別,以及為什么要采用webwork重新設計新框架,以及吸收了struts1的哪部分優點。
首先將區別:- 最大的區別是與servlet成功解耦,不在依賴容器來初始化HttpServletRequest和HttpServletResponse
struts1里依賴的核心控制器為ActionServlet而struts2依賴ServletDispatcher,一個是servlet一個是filter,正是采用了filter才不至于和servlet耦合,所有的數據 都是通過攔截器來實現,如下圖顯示:

- web層表現層的豐富,struts2已經可以使用jsp、velocity、freemarker
- 線程模式方面:struts1的action是單例模式而且必須是線程安全或同步的,是struts2的action對每一個請求都產生一個新的實例,因此沒有線程安全問 題。
- 封裝請求參數:是struts1采用ActionForm封裝請求參數,都必須繼承ActionForm基類,而struts2通過bean的屬性封裝,大大降低了耦合。
- 類型轉換:struts1封裝的ActionForm都是String類型,采用Commons- Beanutils進行類型轉換,每個類一個轉換器;struts2采用OGNL進行類型轉 換,支持基本數據類型和封裝類型的自動轉換。
- 數據校驗:struts1在ActionForm中重寫validate方法;struts2直接重寫validate方法,直接在action里面重寫即可,不需要繼承任何基類,實際的調用順序是,validate()-->execute(),會在執行execute之前調用validate,也支持xwork校驗框架來校驗。
其次,講一下為什么要采用webwork來重新設計struts2
首先的從核心控制器談起,struts2的FilterDispatcher,這里我們知道是一個filter而不是一個servlet,講到這里很多人還不是很清楚web.xml里它們之間的聯系,先簡短講一下它們的加載順序,context-param(應用范圍的初始化參數)-->listener(監聽應用端的任何修改通知)-->filter(過濾)-->servlet。
filter在執行servlet之間就以及調用了,所以才有可能解脫完全依賴servlet的局面,那我們來看看這個filter做了什么事情:
/** * Process an action or handle a request a static resource.
* <p/>
* The filter tries to match the request to an action mapping.
* If mapping is found, the action processes is delegated to the dispatcher's serviceAction method.
* If action processing fails, doFilter will try to create an error page via the dispatcher.
* <p/>
* Otherwise, if the request is for a static resource,
* the resource is copied directly to the response, with the appropriate caching headers set.
* <p/>
* If the request does not match an action mapping, or a static resource page,
* then it passes through.
*
* @see javax.servlet.Filter#doFilter(javax.servlet.ServletRequest, javax.servlet.ServletResponse, javax.servlet.FilterChain)
*/
public void doFilter(ServletRequest req, ServletResponse res, FilterChain chain) throws IOException, ServletException {
HttpServletRequest request = (HttpServletRequest) req;
HttpServletResponse response = (HttpServletResponse) res;
ServletContext servletContext = getServletContext();
String timerKey = "FilterDispatcher_doFilter: ";
try {
// FIXME: this should be refactored better to not duplicate work with the action invocation
ValueStack stack = dispatcher.getContainer().getInstance(ValueStackFactory.class).createValueStack();
ActionContext ctx = new ActionContext(stack.getContext());
ActionContext.setContext(ctx);
UtilTimerStack.push(timerKey);
request = prepareDispatcherAndWrapRequest(request, response);
ActionMapping mapping;
try {
mapping = actionMapper.getMapping(request, dispatcher.getConfigurationManager());
} catch (Exception ex) {
log.error("error getting ActionMapping", ex);
dispatcher.sendError(request, response, servletContext, HttpServletResponse.SC_INTERNAL_SERVER_ERROR, ex);
return;
}
if (mapping == null) {
// there is no action in this request, should we look for a static resource?
String resourcePath = RequestUtils.getServletPath(request);
if ("".equals(resourcePath) && null != request.getPathInfo()) {
resourcePath = request.getPathInfo();
}
if (staticResourceLoader.canHandle(resourcePath)) {
staticResourceLoader.findStaticResource(resourcePath, request, response);
} else {
// this is a normal request, let it pass through
chain.doFilter(request, response);
}
// The framework did its job here
return;
}
dispatcher.serviceAction(request, response, servletContext, mapping);//過濾用戶請求,攔截器執行,把對應的action請求轉到業務action執行 }
finally {
try {
ActionContextCleanUp.cleanUp(req);
} finally {
UtilTimerStack.pop(timerKey);
}
}
}
對應的action參數由攔截器獲取。
解耦servlet是struts2采用webwork思路的最重要的一個原因,也迎合了整個技術的一個發展方向,解耦一直貫穿于整個框架。