Terry.Li-彬

pom作為項(xiàng)目對(duì)象模型。通過xml表示maven項(xiàng)目，使用pom.xml來實(shí)現(xiàn)。主要描述了項(xiàng)目：包括配置文件；開發(fā)者需要遵循的規(guī)則，缺陷管理系統(tǒng)，組織和licenses，項(xiàng)目的url，項(xiàng)目的依賴性，以及其他所有的項(xiàng)目相關(guān)因素。
快速察看：

<project>
	<modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>

	<!-- The Basics -->
	<groupId>...</groupId>
	<artifactId>...</artifactId>
	<version>...</version>
	<packaging>...</packaging>
	<dependencies>...</dependencies>
	<parent>...</parent>
	<dependencyManagement>...</dependencyManagement>
	<modules>...</modules>
	<properties>...</properties>

	<!-- Build Settings -->
	<build>...</build>
	<reporting>...</reporting>

	<!-- More Project Information -->
	<name>...</name>
	<description>...</description>
	<url>...</url>
	<inceptionYear>...</inceptionYear>
	<licenses>...</licenses>
	<organization>...</organization>
	<developers>...</developers>
	<contributors>...</contributors>

	<!-- Environment Settings -->
	<issueManagement>...</issueManagement>
	<ciManagement>...</ciManagement>
	<mailingLists>...</mailingLists>
	<scm>...</scm>
	<prerequisites>...</prerequisites>
	<repositories>...</repositories>
	<pluginRepositories>...</pluginRepositories>
	<distributionManagement>...</distributionManagement>
	<profiles>...</profiles>
</project>

?

?

?

?

?

?

?

<!-- The Basics -->
	<groupId>...</groupId>
	<artifactId>...</artifactId>
	<version>...</version>
	<packaging>...</packaging>
	<dependencies>...</dependencies>
	<parent>...</parent>
	<dependencyManagement>...</dependencyManagement>
	<modules>...</modules>
	<properties>...</properties>

?

基本內(nèi)容：
????POM包括了所有的項(xiàng)目信息。
maven?相關(guān)：
pom定義了最小的maven2元素，允許groupId,artifactId,version。所有需要的元素

groupId:項(xiàng)目或者組織的唯一標(biāo)志，并且配置時(shí)生成的路徑也是由此生成，如org.codehaus.mojo生成的相對(duì)路徑為：/org/codehaus/mojo?
artifactId:?項(xiàng)目的通用名稱?
version:項(xiàng)目的版本?
packaging:?打包的機(jī)制，如pom,?jar,?maven-plugin,?ejb,?war,?ear,?rar,?par?
classifier:?分類
POM關(guān)系：
主要為依賴，繼承，合成
??依賴關(guān)系：
??<dependencies>
????<dependency>
??????<groupId>junit</groupId>
??????<artifactId>junit</artifactId>
??????<version>4.0</version>
??????<type>jar</type>
??????<scope>test</scope>
??????<optional>true</optional>
????</dependency>
????...
??</dependencies>

groupId,?artifactId,?version:描述了依賴的項(xiàng)目唯一標(biāo)志
可以通過以下方式進(jìn)行安裝：

使用以下的命令安裝：?
mvn?install:install-file??Dfile=non-maven-proj.jar??DgroupId=some.group??DartifactId=non-maven-proj??Dversion=1?
創(chuàng)建自己的庫,并配置，使用deploy:deploy-file?
設(shè)置此依賴范圍為system，定義一個(gè)系統(tǒng)路徑。不提倡。
type:相應(yīng)的依賴產(chǎn)品包形式，如jar，war?
scope:用于限制相應(yīng)的依賴范圍，包括以下的幾種變量：
compile?：默認(rèn)范圍，用于編譯?
provided：類似于編譯，但支持你期待jdk或者容器提供，類似于classpath?
runtime:在執(zhí)行時(shí)，需要使用?
test:用于test任務(wù)時(shí)使用?
system:需要外在提供相應(yīng)得元素。通過systemPath來取得
systemPath:?僅用于范圍為system。提供相應(yīng)的路徑?
optional:?標(biāo)注可選，當(dāng)項(xiàng)目自身也是依賴時(shí)。用于連續(xù)依賴時(shí)使用
???獨(dú)占性????
???外在告訴maven你只包括指定的項(xiàng)目，不包括相關(guān)的依賴。此因素主要用于解決版本沖突問題
??<dependencies>
????<dependency>
??????<groupId>org.apache.maven</groupId>
??????<artifactId>maven-embedder</artifactId>
??????<version>2.0</version>
??????<exclusions>
????????<exclusion>
??????????<groupId>org.apache.maven</groupId>
??????????<artifactId>maven-core</artifactId>
????????</exclusion>
??????</exclusions>
????</dependency>
表示項(xiàng)目maven-embedder需要項(xiàng)目maven-core，但我們不想引用maven-core

繼承關(guān)系
????另一個(gè)強(qiáng)大的變化,maven帶來的是項(xiàng)目繼承。主要的設(shè)置：
定義父項(xiàng)目
<project>
??<modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
??<groupId>org.codehaus.mojo</groupId>
??<artifactId>my-parent</artifactId>
??<version>2.0</version>
??<packaging>pom</packaging>
</project>
????packaging?類型，需要pom用于parent和合成多個(gè)項(xiàng)目。我們需要增加相應(yīng)的值給父pom，用于子項(xiàng)目繼承。主要的元素如下：

依賴型?
開發(fā)者和合作者?
插件列表?
報(bào)表列表?
插件執(zhí)行使用相應(yīng)的匹配ids?
插件配置?
子項(xiàng)目配置
<project>
??<modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
??<parent>
????<groupId>org.codehaus.mojo</groupId>
????<artifactId>my-parent</artifactId>
????<version>2.0</version>
????<relativePath>../my-parent</relativePath>
??</parent>
??<artifactId>my-project</artifactId>
</project>
relativePath可以不需要，但是用于指明parent的目錄，用于快速查詢。

dependencyManagement：
用于父項(xiàng)目配置共同的依賴關(guān)系，主要配置依賴包相同因素，如版本，scope。

合成（或者多個(gè)模塊）
????一個(gè)項(xiàng)目有多個(gè)模塊，也叫做多重模塊，或者合成項(xiàng)目。
如下的定義：
<project>
??<modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
??<groupId>org.codehaus.mojo</groupId>
??<artifactId>my-parent</artifactId>
??<version>2.0</version>
??<modules>
????<module>my-project1<module>
????<module>my-project2<module>
??</modules>
</project>

?

?

?

?

<!-- Build Settings -->
	<build>...</build>
	<reporting>...</reporting>

?

build?設(shè)置
????主要用于編譯設(shè)置，包括兩個(gè)主要的元素，build和report
??build
????主要分為兩部分，基本元素和擴(kuò)展元素集合
注意：包括項(xiàng)目build和profile?build
<project>
??<!--?"Project?Build"?contains?more?elements?than?just?the?BaseBuild?set?-->
??<build>...</build>
??<profiles>
????<profile>
??????<!--?"Profile?Build"?contains?a?subset?of?"Project?Build"s?elements?-->
??????<build>...</build>
????</profile>
??</profiles>
</project>

基本元素
<build>
??<defaultGoal>install</defaultGoal>
??<directory>${basedir}/target</directory>
??<finalName>${artifactId}-${version}</finalName>
??<filters>
????<filter>filters/filter1.properties</filter>
??</filters>
??...
</build>


defaultGoal:?定義默認(rèn)的目標(biāo)或者階段。如install?
directory:?編譯輸出的目錄?
finalName:?生成最后的文件的樣式?
filter:?定義過濾，用于替換相應(yīng)的屬性文件，使用maven定義的屬性。設(shè)置所有placehold的值

資源(resources)
????你項(xiàng)目中需要指定的資源。如spring配置文件,log4j.properties
<project>
??<build>
????...
????<resources>
??????<resource>
????????<targetPath>META-INF/plexus</targetPath>
????????<filtering>false</filtering>
????????<directory>${basedir}/src/main/plexus</directory>
????????<includes>
??????????<include>configuration.xml</include>
????????</includes>
????????<excludes>
??????????<exclude>**/*.properties</exclude>
????????</excludes>
??????</resource>
????</resources>
????<testResources>
??????...
????</testResources>
????...
??</build>
</project>


resources:?resource的列表，用于包括所有的資源?
targetPath:?指定目標(biāo)路徑，用于放置資源，用于build?
filtering:?是否替換資源中的屬性placehold?
directory:?資源所在的位置?
includes:?樣式，包括那些資源?
excludes:?排除的資源?
testResources:?測(cè)試資源列表
插件
??在build時(shí)，執(zhí)行的插件，比較有用的部分，如使用jdk?5.0編譯等等
<project>
??<build>
????...
????<plugins>
??????<plugin>
????????<groupId>org.apache.maven.plugins</groupId>
????????<artifactId>maven-jar-plugin</artifactId>
????????<version>2.0</version>
????????<extensions>false</extensions>
????????<inherited>true</inherited>
????????<configuration>
??????????<classifier>test</classifier>
????????</configuration>
????????<dependencies>...</dependencies>
????????<executions>...</executions>
??????</plugin>
????</plugins>
??</build>
</project>

extensions:?true?or?false，是否裝載插件擴(kuò)展。默認(rèn)false?
inherited:?true?or?false，是否此插件配置將會(huì)應(yīng)用于poms，那些繼承于此的項(xiàng)目?
configuration:?指定插件配置?
dependencies:?插件需要依賴的包?
executions:?用于配置execution目標(biāo)，一個(gè)插件可以有多個(gè)目標(biāo)。
如下：
????<plugin>
????????<artifactId>maven-antrun-plugin</artifactId>

????????<executions>
??????????<execution>
????????????<id>echodir</id>
????????????<goals>
??????????????<goal>run</goal>
????????????</goals>
????????????<phase>verify</phase>
????????????<inherited>false</inherited>
????????????<configuration>
??????????????<tasks>
????????????????<echo>Build?Dir:?${project.build.directory}</echo>
??????????????</tasks>
????????????</configuration>
??????????</execution>
????????</executions>
??????</plugin>
??說明：

id:規(guī)定execution?的唯一標(biāo)志?
goals:?表示目標(biāo)?
phase:?表示階段，目標(biāo)將會(huì)在什么階段執(zhí)行?
inherited:?和上面的元素一樣，設(shè)置false?maven將會(huì)拒絕執(zhí)行繼承給子插件?
configuration:?表示此執(zhí)行的配置屬性

插件管理
????pluginManagement：插件管理以同樣的方式包括插件元素，用于在特定的項(xiàng)目中配置。所有繼承于此項(xiàng)目的子項(xiàng)目都能使用。主要定義插件的共同元素

擴(kuò)展元素集合
主要包括以下的元素：
Directories
用于設(shè)置各種目錄結(jié)構(gòu)，如下：
??<build>
????<sourceDirectory>${basedir}/src/main/java</sourceDirectory>
????<scriptSourceDirectory>${basedir}/src/main/scripts</scriptSourceDirectory>
????<testSourceDirectory>${basedir}/src/test/java</testSourceDirectory>
????<outputDirectory>${basedir}/target/classes</outputDirectory>
????<testOutputDirectory>${basedir}/target/test-classes</testOutputDirectory>
????...
??</build>

Extensions

表示需要擴(kuò)展的插件，必須包括進(jìn)相應(yīng)的build路徑。

<project>
??<build>
????...
????<extensions>
??????<extension>
????????<groupId>org.apache.maven.wagon</groupId>
????????<artifactId>wagon-ftp</artifactId>
????????<version>1.0-alpha-3</version>
??????</extension>
????</extensions>
????...
??</build>
</project>

Reporting
????用于在site階段輸出報(bào)表。特定的maven?插件能輸出相應(yīng)的定制和配置報(bào)表。
??<reporting>
????<plugins>
??????<plugin>
????????<outputDirectory>${basedir}/target/site</outputDirectory>
????????<artifactId>maven-project-info-reports-plugin</artifactId>
????????<reportSets>
??????????<reportSet></reportSet>
????????</reportSets>
??????</plugin>
????</plugins>
??</reporting>

Report?Sets
????用于配置不同的目標(biāo)，應(yīng)用于不同的報(bào)表
<reporting>
????<plugins>
??????<plugin>
????????...
????????<reportSets>
??????????<reportSet>
????????????<id>sunlink</id>
????????????<reports>
??????????????<report>javadoc</report>
????????????</reports>
????????????<inherited>true</inherited>
????????????<configuration>
??????????????<links>
????????????????<link>http://java.sun.com/j2se/1.5.0/docs/api/</link> ;
??????????????</links>
????????????</configuration>
??????????</reportSet>
????????</reportSets>
??????</plugin>
????</plugins>
??</reporting>

?

?

?

?

?

<!-- More Project Information -->
	<name>...</name>
	<description>...</description>
	<url>...</url>
	<inceptionYear>...</inceptionYear>
	<licenses>...</licenses>
	<organization>...</organization>
	<developers>...</developers>
	<contributors>...</contributors>

?

更多的項(xiàng)目信息
name:項(xiàng)目除了artifactId外，可以定義多個(gè)名稱
description:?項(xiàng)目描述
url:?項(xiàng)目url
inceptionYear:創(chuàng)始年份

Licenses
<licenses>
??<license>
????<name>Apache?2</name>
????<url>http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0.txt</url> ;
????<distribution>repo</distribution>
????<comments>A?business-friendly?OSS?license</comments>
??</license>
</licenses>

?

?

?

?

?

?

?

?

?

?

?

	<!-- Environment Settings -->
	<issueManagement>...</issueManagement>
	<ciManagement>...</ciManagement>
	<mailingLists>...</mailingLists>
	<scm>...</scm>
	<prerequisites>...</prerequisites>
	<repositories>...</repositories>
	<pluginRepositories>...</pluginRepositories>
	<distributionManagement>...</distributionManagement>
	<profiles>...</profiles>

?

Organization
配置組織信息
??<organization>
????<name>Codehaus?Mojo</name>
????<url>http://mojo.codehaus.org</url> ;
??</organization>

Developers
配置開發(fā)者信息
<developers>
????<developer>
??????<id>eric</id>
??????<name>Eric</name>
??????<email>eredmond@codehaus.org</email>
??????<url>http://eric.propellors.net</url> ;
??????<organization>Codehaus</organization>
??????<organizationUrl>http://mojo.codehaus.org</organizationUrl> ;
??????<roles>
????????<role>architect</role>
????????<role>developer</role>
??????</roles>
??????<timezone>-6</timezone>
??????<properties>
????????<picUrl>http://tinyurl.com/prv4t</picUrl> ;
??????</properties>
????</developer>
??</developers>

Contributors
??<contributors>
????<contributor>
??????<name>Noelle</name>
??????<email>some.name@gmail.com</email>
??????<url>http://noellemarie.com</url> ;
??????<organization>Noelle?Marie</organization>
??????<organizationUrl>http://noellemarie.com</organizationUrl> ;
??????<roles>
????????<role>tester</role>
??????</roles>
??????<timezone>-5</timezone>
??????<properties>
????????<gtalk>some.name@gmail.com</gtalk>
??????</properties>
????</contributor>
??</contributors>

環(huán)境設(shè)置

Issue?Management
????定義相關(guān)的bug跟蹤系統(tǒng)，如bugzilla,testtrack,clearQuest等
??<issueManagement>
????<system>Bugzilla</system>
????<url>http://127.0.0.1/bugzilla</url> ;
??</issueManagement>
Continuous?Integration?Management
連續(xù)整合管理，基于triggers或者timings
??<ciManagement>
????<system>continuum</system>
????<url>http://127.0.0.1:8080/continuum</url> ;
????<notifiers>
??????<notifier>
????????<type>mail</type>
????????<sendOnError>true</sendOnError>
????????<sendOnFailure>true</sendOnFailure>
????????<sendOnSuccess>false</sendOnSuccess>
????????<sendOnWarning>false</sendOnWarning>
????????<configuration><address>continuum@127.0.0.1</address></configuration>
??????</notifier>
????</notifiers>
??</ciManagement>

Mailing?Lists
??<mailingLists>
????<mailingList>
??????<name>User?List</name>
??????<subscribe>user-subscribe@127.0.0.1</subscribe>
??????<unsubscribe>user-unsubscribe@127.0.0.1</unsubscribe>
??????<post>user@127.0.0.1</post>
??????<archive>http://127.0.0.1/user/</archive> ;
??????<otherArchives>
????????<otherArchive>http://base.google.com/base/1/127.0.0.1</otherArchive> ;
??????</otherArchives>
????</mailingList>
??</mailingLists>

SCM
??軟件配置管理，如cvs?和svn
??<scm>
????<connection>scm:svn:http://127.0.0.1/svn/my-project</connection> ;
????<developerConnection>scm:svn:https://127.0.0.1/svn/my-project</developerConnection> ;
????<tag>HEAD</tag>
????<url>http://127.0.0.1/websvn/my-project</url> ;
??</scm>

Repositories

配置同setting.xml中的開發(fā)庫

Plugin?Repositories
配置同?repositories

Distribution?Management
用于配置分發(fā)管理，配置相應(yīng)的產(chǎn)品發(fā)布信息,主要用于發(fā)布，在執(zhí)行mvn?deploy后表示要發(fā)布的位置
1?配置到文件系統(tǒng)
<distributionManagement>
<repository>
<id>proficio-repository</id>
<name>Proficio?Repository</name>
<url>file://${basedir}/target/deploy</url>
</repository>
</distributionManagement>
2?使用ssh2配置
<distributionManagement>
<repository>
<id>proficio-repository</id>
<name>Proficio?Repository</name>
<url>scp://sshserver.yourcompany.com/deploy</url>
</repository>
</distributionManagement>
3?使用sftp配置
<distributionManagement>
<repository>
<id>proficio-repository</id>
<name>Proficio?Repository</name>
<url>sftp://ftpserver.yourcompany.com/deploy</url>
</repository>
</distributionManagement>
4?使用外在的ssh配置
????編譯擴(kuò)展用于指定使用wagon外在ssh提供，用于提供你的文件到相應(yīng)的遠(yuǎn)程服務(wù)器。
<distributionManagement>
<repository>
<id>proficio-repository</id>
<name>Proficio?Repository</name>
<url>scpexe://sshserver.yourcompany.com/deploy</url>
</repository>
</distributionManagement>
<build>
<extensions>
<extension>
<groupId>org.apache.maven.wagon</groupId>
<artifactId>wagon-ssh-external</artifactId>
<version>1.0-alpha-6</version>
</extension>
</extensions>
</build>

5?使用ftp配置
<distributionManagement>
<repository>
<id>proficio-repository</id>
<name>Proficio?Repository</name>
<url>ftp://ftpserver.yourcompany.com/deploy</url>
</repository>
</distributionManagement>
<build>
<extensions>
<extension>
<groupId>org.apache.maven.wagon</groupId>
<artifactId>wagon-ftp</artifactId>
<version>1.0-alpha-6</version>
</extension>
</extensions>
</build>

repository?對(duì)應(yīng)于你的開發(fā)庫，用戶信息通過settings.xml中的server取得

Profiles
類似于settings.xml中的profiles，增加了幾個(gè)元素，如下的樣式：
??<profiles>
????<profile>
??????<id>test</id>
??????<activation>...</activation>
??????<build>...</build>
??????<modules>...</modules>
??????<repositories>...</repositories>
??????<pluginRepositories>...</pluginRepositories>
??????<dependencies>...</dependencies>
??????<reporting>...</reporting>
??????<dependencyManagement>...</dependencyManagement>
??????<distributionManagement>...</distributionManagement>
????</profile>
??</profiles>