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Linux下的ORACLE安裝，成功率99.99999%

相信很多童鞋都有過(guò)在Linux上安裝Oracle數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)的痛苦經(jīng)歷，其中絕大多數(shù)都是環(huán)境設(shè)置的問(wèn)題。我給大家推薦一個(gè)國(guó)外大牛寫(xiě)的Oracle的安裝腳本 OTK，是用Bash寫(xiě)的，這東東大大簡(jiǎn)化了Oracle安裝過(guò)程，而且成功率達(dá)到99.9999%以上，只要確保你的Linux系統(tǒng)是干凈的，那么按照這個(gè)教程，保證你會(huì)安裝成功。

準(zhǔn)備工作

OTK針對(duì)各種Linux提供了安裝文檔，本文使用的RHEL5.5_x86_64位，數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)版本為11gR2，主要參考這個(gè) 文檔。

首先準(zhǔn)備阿好如下的安裝文件：

linux.x64_11gR2_database_1of2.zip
linux.x64_11gR2_database_2of2.zip
oratoolkit-1.0.2.1.5-1.noarch.rpm

下載上述文件并放在/var/tmp/oracle目錄下。最好要把你的YUM源指向你的系統(tǒng)安裝光盤(pán)或者ISO文件。

安裝OTK

用root登陸，執(zhí)行如下命令：

# su - root 
# cd /var/tmp/oracle 
# ls -1 oratool* 
oratoolkit-1.0.2.1.5-1.noarch.rpm 
# rpm -ivh oratoolkit-1.0.2.1.5-1.noarch.rpm 
Preparing...                ########################################### [100%]
    1:oratoolkit             ########################################### [100%]

otk已經(jīng)幫我們建立了oracle用戶(hù)，下面需要設(shè)置Oracle用戶(hù)密碼

# passwd oracle 
Changing password for user oracle. 
New UNIX password: 
BAD PASSWORD: it is based on a dictionary word 
Retype new UNIX password: 
passwd: all authentication tokens updated successfully.

解決環(huán)境依賴(lài)

這一步最爽，最為頭疼的環(huán)境依賴(lài)問(wèn)題輕松就解決了！首先要驗(yàn)證下你的系統(tǒng)還差什么沒(méi)有滿(mǎn)足要求，OTK腳本提供了智能的環(huán)境是否滿(mǎn)足檢查:

# /opt/oracle/otk/current/bin/installManager swReqCheck osSetup11gR2.cfg 
...//省略大部分輸出 
20130521_165122: Info: Action swReqCheck of installManager ended with 7 WARNINGS

最后的結(jié)論告訴你的系統(tǒng)共有幾個(gè)警告（我的系統(tǒng)是7個(gè)），你可以在輸出日志中查看到底缺了什么。下面的一組命令很酷，讓你一下子解決所有的問(wèn)題:

//先拼裝命令 
# REQ_FILE_DIR="/opt/oracle/otk/current/conf/installManager/requirement" 
# REQ_FILE_PATH="$REQ_FILE_DIR/ora11gR2-redhat-5-x86_64.pkg.lst" 
# YUM_COMMAND=$(echo "yum install") 
# YUM_COMMAND+=$(egrep -v "#" $REQ_FILE_PATH | grep 32-bit | awk '{ print " "$1".i[356]86" }') 
# YUM_COMMAND+=$(egrep -v "#" $REQ_FILE_PATH | grep 64-bit | awk '{ print " "$1".x86_64" }')  

//用echo看看最終拼裝的命令是什么樣 
# echo $YUM_COMMAND  

//執(zhí)行命令 
# $YUM_COMMAND  

//再次執(zhí)行環(huán)境檢查 
# /opt/oracle/otk/current/bin/installManager swReqCheck osSetup11gR2.cfg 
... 
20130521_170131: Info: Action swReqCheck of installManager ended successfully //這次驗(yàn)證成功了，環(huán)境已經(jīng)滿(mǎn)足Oracle安裝要求

增強(qiáng)sqlplus

OTK提供了一個(gè)優(yōu)化增強(qiáng)的sqlplus環(huán)境：

# cd /opt/oracle/otk/current/tools/rlwrap/ 
# ./configure 
# make 
# make install 
# /usr/local/bin/rlwrap -v 
rlwrap 0.30

使用installManager提取安裝

切換到/opt/oracle/otk/current/conf/installManager目錄，編輯osSetup11gR2.cfg來(lái)配置安裝參數(shù)，包括內(nèi)核參數(shù)、目錄創(chuàng)建及所有授權(quán)等設(shè)置，如果你想默認(rèn)安裝就無(wú)需更改這個(gè)文件。

# cd /opt/oracle/otk/current/conf/installManager/ 
# vi osSetup11gR2.cfg 
# sdiff -s osSetup11gR2.cfg sample/osSetup11gR2.cfg //對(duì)比哪些參數(shù)修改過(guò) 
# /opt/oracle/otk/current/bin/installManager osSetup osSetup11gR2.cfg

把Oracle安裝文件移入資源目錄

otk默認(rèn)讀取oracle安裝文件的目錄是/var/opt/oracle/repository，otk的swInst實(shí)例安裝命令會(huì)讀取這個(gè)目錄：

# cd /var/tmp/oracle 
# chown oracle:oinstall * 
# mv linux.x64_11gR2_database_1of2.zip linux.x64_11gR2_database_2of2.zip /var/opt/oracle/repository/

定制oracle用戶(hù)登錄的PS1變量

這一步?jīng)]什么實(shí)際意義，就是定制Oracle用戶(hù)登錄的提示符。

# su - oracle
 ------------------------------------------------------  
 oraToolKit environment variables
 ------------------------------------------------------  
 Installation directory :   /opt/oracle/otk  
 Release                :   1.0.2.1.5  
 $RUN directory         :   /opt/oracle/otk/1.0/bin  
 $LOG_BASE directory    :   /var/opt/oracle/otk/1.0/log  
 ------------------------------------------------------  
<SITE|COMPANY>:oracle@stquist1p:sidNotSet$ grep ^SITE .profile.custom.interactive 
SITE="<SITE|COMPANY>" 
<SITE|COMPANY>:oracle@stquist1p:sidNotSet$ vi .profile.custom.interactive 
<SITE|COMPANY>:oracle@stquist1p:sidNotSet$ grep ^SITE .profile.custom.interactive 
SITE="KuuYee"http://修改這一行，可以顯示你喜歡的內(nèi)容 
<SITE|COMPANY>:oracle@stquist1p:sidNotSet$ exit 
# su - oracle 
KuuYee:oracle@stquist1p:sidNotSet$

安裝Oracle數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)

OTK沒(méi)有采用Oracle Universal Installer(OUI)，而是用swInst來(lái)控制整個(gè)安裝過(guò)程的：

$ bash 
$ cd $INSTALL_CONF 
$ cp sample/swInstEeSrv11gR2-Step1-linux-x86_64.cfg . 
$ installManager swInst swInstEeSrv11gR2-Step1-linux-x86_64.cfg 
$ su - 
# /opt/oracle/eesrv/11.2.0/db1/root.sh
# exit

創(chuàng)建數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)實(shí)例

OTK采用dbSetup來(lái)創(chuàng)建實(shí)例，首先要進(jìn)入$INSTALL_CONF目錄配置實(shí)例參數(shù)

$ cd $INSTALL_CONF 
$ ls -1 dbSetup*.cfg 
dbSetup-dev.cfg 
dbSetup-prod.cfg 
dbSetup-test.cfg 
$ vi dbSetup-prod.cfg //prod為生產(chǎn)模式 
$ sdiff -s dbSetup-prod.cfg sample/dbSetup-prod.cfg 
DB_NAME="idm_test"                                            | DB_NAME="prod" 
ORACLE_HOME="$ORACLE_BASE/eesrv/11.2.0/db1"                   | ORACLE_HOME="$ORACLE_BASE/sesrv/11.1.0/db1" 
NLS_LANG=".AL32UTF8"                                          | NLS_LANG=".UTF8" 
SYSTEM_SIZE=1G                                                | SYSTEM_SIZE=512M 
TEMP_SIZE=2G                                                  | TEMP_SIZE=512M 
UNDO_SIZE=2G                                                  | UNDO_SIZE=512M 
USERS_SIZE=100M                                               | USERS_SIZE=10M 
LISTENER_PORT="1541"                                          | LISTENER_PORT="1531" 
MEMORY_TARGET=7G                                              | MEMORY_TARGET=512M 
MEMORY_MAX_TARGET=7G                                          | MEMORY_MAX_TARGET=512M 
SGA_TARGET=3G                                                 | SGA_TARGET=256M 
PROCESSES=1000                                                | PROCESSES=100 
$ installManager dbSetup dbSetup-prod.cfg //執(zhí)行這部之前最好先配置下/etc/hosts文件，看下面說(shuō)明

本文采用dbSetup-prod.cfg生產(chǎn)環(huán)境模式配置，我們看到還有dev(開(kāi)發(fā)環(huán)境)和test(測(cè)試環(huán)境)，不過(guò)我沒(méi)試過(guò)，有興趣的童鞋可以試試。我在上面列出了我所作出的配置，原文并沒(méi)有修改內(nèi)存參數(shù)，我之所以修改是因?yàn)閷?shí)際環(huán)境因?yàn)閮?nèi)存設(shè)置太小導(dǎo)致運(yùn)行一段時(shí)間數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)經(jīng)常掛掉，經(jīng)過(guò)多次的調(diào)試而得到的經(jīng)驗(yàn)值，這里需要說(shuō)明下我的數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)配置：
OS：VMware虛擬機(jī)(RHEL5.5)
CPU：8核
內(nèi)存：32G
硬盤(pán)：200GB
上面用sdiff -s dbSetup-prod.cfg sample/dbSetup-prod.cfg命令可以對(duì)比下我的參數(shù)修改，左面是我的修改參數(shù)，右面是原參數(shù),需要特別說(shuō)明的是第二個(gè)參數(shù)ORACLE_HOME，一定要自修修改，原來(lái)的參數(shù)是$ORACLE_BASE/sesrv/11.1.0/db1，要修改為$ORACLE_BASE/eesrv/11.2.0/db1，別改錯(cuò)了！

installManager dbSetup dbSetup-prod.cfg命令開(kāi)始安裝數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)實(shí)例，不過(guò)我建議你最好先配置下你的/etc/hosts文件，加入下面的內(nèi)容：

127.0.0.1    你的hostname

接下來(lái)就是漫長(zhǎng)的等待，大概需要幾十分鐘，具體根據(jù)你的機(jī)器配置情況。如果你最后看到如下的輸出：

---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 
20130522_091856: Info: Executing libmiscellaneous.getFooter function 
20130522_091856: Info: Terminating installManager execution 
20130522_091856: Info: Summary log file:  /var/opt/oracle/otk/1.0/log-old/installManager/../installManager.log 
20130522_091856: Info: Detailed log file: /var/opt/oracle/otk/1.0/log-old/installManager/dbsetup-20130522_090349.log 
20130522_091856: Info: Action dbSetup of installManager ended successfully 
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Congratulations！你安裝成功了。

下面登陸試試：

Note	OTK默認(rèn)創(chuàng)建了一個(gè)otk用戶(hù)，密碼也是otk， sys和system默認(rèn)密碼是manager

$ bash 
$ sourceProdEnv 
$ sqlplus sys/manager@idm_dev as sysdba; 
或者 
$ sqlplus otk/otk@idm_dev  

SQL*Plus: Release 11.2.0.1.0 Production on Wed May 22 11:05:16 2013  

Copyright (c) 1982, 2009, Oracle.  All rights reserved.   


Connected to: 
Oracle Database 11g Enterprise Edition Release 11.2.0.1.0 - 64bit Production 
With the Partitioning, OLAP, Data Mining and Real Application Testing options  

SQL>

使用appctl管理oracle

OTK提供了一個(gè)ctl工具來(lái)幫我們管理Oracle實(shí)例：

$ ctl status all //查看當(dāng)前狀態(tài) 
$ ctl stop all   //停止數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù) 
$ ctl start all  //啟動(dòng)數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)

使用backupuManager備份oracle

$ cd $BACKUP_CONF 
$ vi prod.cfg 
$ sdiff -s prod.cfg sample/prod.cfg DISK_DEVICE_MOUNT_POINT="/" | DISK_DEVICE_MOUNT_POINT="/backup01" 
$ backupManager full prod.cfg

定時(shí)備份Job

$ crontab -l|head -2 
# Example 1: Daily physical database backup 
# 0 2 * * * [ -d $HOME/../current ] && (ksh -c '. ./.profile >/dev/null; backupManager full <sid_1>.cfg <sid_2>.cfg <sid_n>.cfg >/dev/null') 
$ crontab -e 
$ crontab -l|head -2 
# Example 1: Daily physical database backup 
0 2 * * * [ -d $HOME/../current ] && (ksh -c '. ./.profile >/dev/null; backupManager full prod.cfg >/dev/null')

創(chuàng)建EM管理控制臺(tái)

otk并沒(méi)有幫我們創(chuàng)建EM控制臺(tái)，對(duì)于習(xí)慣用Web管理的用戶(hù)很不方便，我們需要手工創(chuàng)建：

$ emca -config dbcontrol db -repos recreate  

STARTED EMCA at May 22, 2013 11:18:41 AM 
EM Configuration Assistant, Version 11.2.0.0.2 Production 
Copyright (c) 2003, 2005, Oracle.  All rights reserved.  Enter the following information: 
Database SID: idm_dev //輸入sid 
Listener port number: 1541 //監(jiān)聽(tīng)輸入端口 
Listener ORACLE_HOME [ /opt/oracle/eesrv/11.2.0/db1 ]: //默認(rèn)回車(chē) 
Password for SYS user:  //輸入密碼manager 
Password for DBSNMP user:  //輸入密碼manager 
Password for SYSMAN user:  //輸入密碼manager 
Email address for notifications (optional): //默認(rèn)回車(chē) 
Outgoing Mail (SMTP) server for notifications (optional): //默認(rèn)回車(chē) 
-----------------------------------------------------------------  

You have specified the following settings  

Database ORACLE_HOME ................ /opt/oracle/eesrv/11.2.0/db1  

Local hostname ................ localhost.localdomain 
Listener ORACLE_HOME ................ /opt/oracle/eesrv/11.2.0/db1 
Listener port number ................ 1541 
Database SID ................ idm_dev 
Email address for notifications ............... 
Outgoing Mail (SMTP) server for notifications ...............  

----------------------------------------------------------------- 
Do you wish to continue? [yes(Y)/no(N)]: yes 
May 22, 2013 11:19:20 AM oracle.sysman.emcp.EMConfig perform 
INFO: This operation is being logged at /opt/oracle/cfgtoollogs/emca/idm_dev/emca_2013_05_22_11_18_40.log. 
May 22, 2013 11:19:21 AM oracle.sysman.emcp.EMReposConfig invoke 
INFO: Dropping the EM repository (this may take a while) ... 
May 22, 2013 11:19:23 AM oracle.sysman.emcp.EMReposConfig invoke 
INFO: Repository successfully dropped 
May 22, 2013 11:19:23 AM oracle.sysman.emcp.EMReposConfig createRepository 
INFO: Creating the EM repository (this may take a while) ... 
May 22, 2013 11:24:27 AM oracle.sysman.emcp.EMReposConfig invoke 
INFO: Repository successfully created 
May 22, 2013 11:24:30 AM oracle.sysman.emcp.EMReposConfig uploadConfigDataToRepository 
INFO: Uploading configuration data to EM repository (this may take a while) ... //可能會(huì)等一會(huì) 
May 22, 2013 11:25:19 AM oracle.sysman.emcp.EMReposConfig invoke 
INFO: Uploaded configuration data successfully 
May 22, 2013 11:25:23 AM oracle.sysman.emcp.util.DBControlUtil configureSoftwareLib 
INFO: Software library configured successfully. 
May 22, 2013 11:25:23 AM oracle.sysman.emcp.EMDBPostConfig configureSoftwareLibrary 
INFO: Deploying Provisioning archives ... 
May 22, 2013 11:25:45 AM oracle.sysman.emcp.EMDBPostConfig configureSoftwareLibrary 
INFO: Provisioning archives deployed successfully. 
May 22, 2013 11:25:45 AM oracle.sysman.emcp.util.DBControlUtil secureDBConsole 
INFO: Securing Database Control (this may take a while) ... 
May 22, 2013 11:25:58 AM oracle.sysman.emcp.util.DBControlUtil secureDBConsole 
INFO: Database Control secured successfully. 
May 22, 2013 11:25:58 AM oracle.sysman.emcp.util.DBControlUtil startOMS 
INFO: Starting Database Control (this may take a while) ... 
May 22, 2013 11:26:28 AM oracle.sysman.emcp.EMDBPostConfig performConfiguration 
INFO: Database Control started successfully 
May 22, 2013 11:26:28 AM oracle.sysman.emcp.EMDBPostConfig performConfiguration 
INFO: >>>>>>>>>>> The Database Control URL is https://localhost.localdomain:1158/em <<<<<<<<<<< //這個(gè)是EM的訪問(wèn)鏈接 
May 22, 2013 11:26:31 AM oracle.sysman.emcp.EMDBPostConfig invoke 
WARNING: 
************************  WARNING  ************************  

Management Repository has been placed in secure mode wherein Enterprise Manager data will be encrypted.  The encryption key has been placed in the file: /opt/oracle/eesrv/11.2.0/db1/localhost.localdomain_idm_dev/sysman/config/emkey.ora.   Please ensure this file is backed up as the encrypted data will become unusable if this file is lost.  

*********************************************************** 
Enterprise Manager configuration completed successfully 
FINISHED EMCA at May 22, 2013 11:26:31 AM

OK！大功告成，相信各位童鞋都安裝成功了，OTK的安裝還是很穩(wěn)健的，至少我安裝了幾十次都成功了！

最后祝各位童鞋好運(yùn)！

2013-05-21

posted on 2013-05-24 12:27 kuuyee 閱讀(12030) 評(píng)論(5) 編輯收藏所屬分類(lèi): Linux 、數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù) 、系統(tǒng)管理

評(píng)論

# re: Linux下的ORACLE安裝，成功率99.99999% 2013-05-28 12:45 開(kāi)發(fā)吧

學(xué)習(xí)啦，真的很不錯(cuò)！回復(fù) 更多評(píng)論

# re: Linux下的ORACLE安裝，成功率99.99999%[未登錄](méi) 2013-08-08 19:36 x

20130808_193410: Warning: Oracle software runs on CentOS however this combination is NOT supported by Oracle

出現(xiàn)了這個(gè)，還能裝不。。。回復(fù) 更多評(píng)論

# re: Linux下的ORACLE安裝，成功率99.99999% 2015-09-24 06:59 天地華宇

看不懂才疏學(xué)淺呵呵回復(fù) 更多評(píng)論

# re: Linux下的ORACLE安裝，成功率99.99999% 2015-11-06 13:21 王新強(qiáng)

我就是那0.00001% 的人了回復(fù) 更多評(píng)論

# re: Linux下的ORACLE安裝，成功率99.99999% 2015-11-09 12:58 kuuyee

@王新強(qiáng)
這東西好像收費(fèi)了，所以建議使用https://github.com/biemond/biemond-oradb 回復(fù) 更多評(píng)論

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