使用http client提交表單或者下載網(wǎng)頁也是非常常見的任務(wù)，比如使用Java的時候可以用標(biāo)準(zhǔn)庫的HttpURLConnection，也可以選擇
Apache Http Client。在clojure里也有這樣的類庫，這里我將介紹三個各有特色的http client實現(xiàn)。
首先，我最先推薦使用clj-http這個類庫，它是Apache HttpClient的clojure wrapper，是一個提供同步API的簡單易用的Http Client。
名稱: clj-http
主頁：
https://github.com/dakrone/clj-http依賴：
[clj-http "0.3.1"]
例子：
(require '[clj-http.client :as client])
(client/get "http://google.com")
結(jié)果：
=> ｛:cookies {"NID" {:domain ".google.com.hk", :expires #<Date Tue Aug 14 18:20:38 CST 2012>, :path "/", :value "56=qn2OWtODE2D3fUKi_vbi44jZepOeLI9xC4Ta1JQLEicqUvIZAqr7TCmft_hq8i_FRwnFXdTK1jV2S5IrSZFyYhlAN2KcQEXgWX1iK36gM2iYPaKPihuUZDCqgiAamDOl", :version 0}, "PREF" {:domain ".google.com.hk", :expires #<Date Wed Feb 12 18:20:38 CST 2014>, :path "/", :value "ID=8b73a654ff0a2783:FF=0:NW=1:TM=1329128438:LM=1329128438:S=uEM4SsFuHlkqtVhp", :version 0}},
:status 200
:headers {"date" "Sun, 01 Aug 2010 07:03:49 GMT"
"cache-control" "private, max-age=0"
"content-type" "text/html; charset=ISO-8859-1"
}
:body "<!doctype html>"
:trace-redirects ["http://google.com" "http://www.google.com/" "http://www.google.fr/"]} 更多例子：
(client/get "http://site.com/resources/3" {:accept :json})
;; Various options:
(client/post "http://site.com/api"
{:basic-auth ["user" "pass"]
:body "{\"json\": \"input\"}"
:headers {"X-Api-Version" "2"}
:content-type :json
:socket-timeout 1000
:conn-timeout 1000
:accept :json})
;; Need to contact a server with an untrusted SSL cert?
(client/get "https://alioth.debian.org" {:insecure? true})
;; If you don't want to follow-redirects automatically:
(client/get "http://site.come/redirects-somewhere" {:follow-redirects false})
;; Only follow a certain number of redirects:
(client/get "http://site.come/redirects-somewhere" {:max-redirects 5})
;; Throw an exception if redirected too many times:
(client/get "http://site.come/redirects-somewhere" {:max-redirects 5 :throw-exceptions true})
;; Send form params as a urlencoded body
(client/post "http//site.com" {:form-params {:foo "bar"}})
;; Multipart form uploads/posts
;; a map or vector works as the multipart object. Use a vector of
;; vectors if you need to preserve order, a map otherwise.
(client/post "http//example.org" {:multipart [["title" "My Awesome Picture"]
["Content/type" "image/jpeg"]
["file" (clojure.java.io/file "pic.jpg")]]})
;; Multipart values can be one of the following:
;; String, InputStream, File, or a byte-array
;; Basic authentication
(client/get "http://site.com/protected" {:basic-auth ["user" "pass"]})
(client/get "http://site.com/protected" {:basic-auth "user:pass"})
;; Query parameters
(client/get "http://site.com/search" {:query-params {"q" "foo, bar"}})
clj-http的API相當(dāng)?shù)暮啙嵠粒褂闷饋矸浅１憷瑥?qiáng)烈推薦。題外，學(xué)習(xí)clojure的一個好方法就是為現(xiàn)有的java類庫實現(xiàn)一些方便的clojure wrapper。
如果你需要異步的http client，我會推薦http.async.client這個類庫，它的API是異步形式的類似 Java的Future模式，對于clojure程序員來說應(yīng)該更像是agent。
名稱：http.async.client
主頁：
https://github.com/neotyk/http.async.client依賴：
[http.async.client "0.4.1"]
例子：
(require '[http.async.client :as c])
(with-open [client (c/create-client)]
(let [response (c/GET client "http://neotyk.github.com/http.async.client/")]
(prn (c/done? response))
(c/await response)
(prn (c/string response))
(prn (c/status response))
(prn (c/done? response))))
輸出：
false
<!DOCTYPE html
{:code 200, :msg "OK", :protocol "HTTP/1.1", :major 1, :minor 1}
true 更多例子：
(c/POST client "http://example.com" :body "hello world" :timeout 3000)
(c/DELETE client "http://example.com")
(c/POST client "http://example.com" :body "hello world" :auth {:type :basic :user "admin" :password "admin"})
請注意，這些方法都是異步調(diào)用的，你需要通過await來等待調(diào)用完成，或者通過done?來判斷調(diào)用是否完成。
http.async.client有個比較重要的特性就是對Http Chunked編碼的支持，分別通過LazySeq和callback的方式支持，首先看將Http chunked變成一個lazy seq:
(with-open [client (client/create-client)] ; Create client
(let [resp (client/stream-seq client :get url)]
(doseq [s (s/string resp)]
(println s))))
這里非常關(guān)鍵的一點是stream-seq返回的chunk序列，每取一個就少一個（通過first函數(shù)），也就是說每次調(diào)用first取到的chunk都不一樣，是順序遞增，不可重復(fù)獲取的。
通過callback方式處理：
(with-open [client (client/create-client)] ; Create client
(let [parts (ref #{})
resp (client/request-stream client :get url
(fn [state body]
(dosync (alter parts conj (string body)))
[body :continue]))]
;; do something to @parts
))
自己傳入一個callback函數(shù)接收chunk，比如這里用一個ref累積。
http.async.client的詳細(xì)文檔看這里：
http://neotyk.github.com/http.async.client/docs.html最后，有興趣還可以看下
aleph這個異步通訊的框架，它支持Http協(xié)議，也提供了http server和client的實現(xiàn)。不過它的API就沒有那么簡單明了，它的模型是類似go語言里利用channel做異步通訊的模型，http只是它的一個模塊罷了，這是另一個話題了。
轉(zhuǎn)載請注明出處：
http://www.tkk7.com/killme2008/archive/2012/02/13/369890.html