分類匯總是統(tǒng)計(jì)中常用,舉例來說如統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)生成績(jī),及格不及格的歸類,分優(yōu)良中差等級(jí)歸類等,每個(gè)單項(xiàng)代碼很好寫,但是如果分類匯總的項(xiàng)目多了,能一種匯總寫一個(gè)函數(shù)嗎? 比如說有些科目60分才算及格,有些科目50分就算;有些老師喜歡分優(yōu)良中差四等,有些老師卻喜歡分ABCD;不一而足,如果每個(gè)都寫一個(gè)函數(shù)無疑是個(gè)編寫和維護(hù)惡夢(mèng). 如果我們用匿名類把
分類匯總的規(guī)則和
分類匯總的過程分別抽象出來,代碼就清晰靈活多了,以下代碼講述了這個(gè)過程,代碼比較簡(jiǎn)單,這里就不贅述了,相信大家都能看明白.
代碼下載:
http://www.tkk7.com/Files/sitinspring/ClassSummary20070928113810.rar
首先是數(shù)據(jù)的基本類Student:
public class Student
{
private String name;
private int score;
public Student(String name,int score){
this.name=name;
this.score=score;
}
public String getName() {
return name;
}
public void setName(String name) {
this.name = name;
}
public int getScore() {
return score;
}
public void setScore(int score) {
this.score = score;
}
}
然后是用于分類匯總的類,它強(qiáng)制子類實(shí)現(xiàn)getKey和getvalue兩個(gè)方法:
public abstract class ClassifyRule {
public Student student;
public ClassifyRule(){
}
public void setStudent(Student student) {
this.student = student;
}
abstract public String getKey();
abstract public int getValue();
}
接下來是對(duì)Student進(jìn)行CRUD處理的StudentService類,注意getSum方法,它保留了篩選過程,篩選規(guī)則則不在其中:
import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.Hashtable;
import java.util.List;
public class StudentService {
private List<Student> students;
public StudentService() {
students = new ArrayList<Student>();
}
public void add(Student student) {
students.add(student);
}
public Hashtable<String, Integer> getSum(ClassifyRule rule) {
Hashtable<String, Integer> ht = new Hashtable<String, Integer>();
for (Student student : students) {
rule.setStudent(student);
String key = rule.getKey();
int value = rule.getValue();
if (ht.containsKey(key)) {
Integer oldValue = ht.remove(key);
oldValue += value;
ht.put(key, oldValue);
} else {
ht.put(key, value);
}
}
return ht;
}
}
最后是測(cè)試代碼,注意其中篩選規(guī)則的創(chuàng)建:
import java.util.Hashtable;
import java.util.Iterator;
public class Test {
public static void main(String[] args) {
// 初始化
StudentService service = new StudentService();
service.add(new Student("Andy", 90));
service.add(new Student("Bill", 95));
service.add(new Student("Cindy", 70));
service.add(new Student("Dural", 85));
service.add(new Student("Edin", 60));
service.add(new Student("Felix", 55));
service.add(new Student("Green", 15));
// 60分及格篩選
ClassifyRule rule60 = new ClassifyRule() {
public String getKey() {
return student.getScore() >= 60 ? "及格" : "不及格";
}
public int getValue() {
return 1;
}
};
System.out.println("60分及格篩選");
printHt(service.getSum(rule60));
// 50分及格篩選
ClassifyRule rule50 = new ClassifyRule() {
public String getKey() {
return student.getScore() >= 50 ? "及格" : "不及格";
}
public int getValue() {
return 1;
}
};
System.out.println("\n50分及格篩選");
printHt(service.getSum(rule50));
// 分"優(yōu)良中差"等級(jí)
ClassifyRule ruleCn = new ClassifyRule() {
public String getKey() {
String retval = "";
int score = student.getScore();
if (score >= 90) {
retval = "優(yōu)";
} else if (score >= 80) {
retval = "良";
} else if (score >= 60) {
retval = "中";
} else if (score > 0) {
retval = "差";
}
return retval;
}
public int getValue() {
return 1;
}
};
System.out.println("\n分優(yōu)良中差等級(jí)篩選");
printHt(service.getSum(ruleCn));
// 分"ABCD"等級(jí)
ClassifyRule ruleWest = new ClassifyRule() {
public String getKey() {
String retval = "";
int score = student.getScore();
if (score >= 90) {
retval = "A";
} else if (score >= 80) {
retval = "B";
} else if (score >= 60) {
retval = "C";
} else if (score > 0) {
retval = "D";
}
return retval;
}
public int getValue() {
return 1;
}
};
System.out.println("\n分ABCD等級(jí)篩選");
printHt(service.getSum(ruleWest));
}
private static void printHt(Hashtable ht) {
for (Iterator it = ht.keySet().iterator(); it.hasNext();) {
String key = (String) it.next();
Integer value = (Integer) ht.get(key);
System.out.println("Key=" + key + " Value=" + value);
}
}
}
測(cè)試結(jié)果如下:
60分及格篩選
Key=及格 Value=5
Key=不及格 Value=2
50分及格篩選
Key=及格 Value=6
Key=不及格 Value=1
分優(yōu)良中差等級(jí)篩選
Key=優(yōu) Value=2
Key=良 Value=1
Key=中 Value=2
Key=差 Value=2
分ABCD等級(jí)篩選
Key=A Value=2
Key=D Value=2
Key=C Value=2
Key=B Value=1
原理不復(fù)雜,這個(gè)抽象的過程還是有點(diǎn)意思的.