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    Java Votary

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    利用XMLBean輕輕松松讀寫XML

    作者:葉楓




    版權聲明:本文可以自由轉載,轉載時請務必以超鏈接形式標明文章原始出處和作者信息及本聲明
    作者:葉楓(http://blog.matrix.org.cn/page/葉楓)
    原 文:[http://www.matrix.org.cn/resource/article/44/44027_XMLBean.html]http://www.matrix.org.cn/resource/article/44/44027_XMLBean.html[/url]
    關鍵字:XML XMLBean Parser

    一、關于XML解析

      XML在Java應用程序里變得越來越重要, 廣泛應用于數據存儲和
    交換. 比如我們常見的配置文件,都是以XML方式存儲的. XML還應用
    于Java Message Service和Web Services等技術作為數據交換.
    因此,正確讀寫XML文檔是XML應用的基礎.
      Java提供了SAX和DOM兩種方式用于解析XML,但即便如此,要讀寫一個
    稍微復雜的XML,也不是一件容易的事.

    二、XMLBean簡介

        Hibernate已經成為目前流行的面向Java環境的對象/關系數據庫映射工具.
    在Hibernate等對象/關系數據庫映射工具出現之前,對數據庫的操作是
    通過JDBC來實現的,對數據庫的任何操作,開發人員都要自己寫SQL語句
    來實現. 對象/關系數據庫映射工具出現后,對數據庫的操作轉成對
    JavaBean的操作,極大方便了數據庫開發. 所以如果有一個類似的工具能夠
    實現將對XML的讀寫轉成對JavaBean的操作,將會簡化XML的讀寫,即使對XML
    不熟悉的開發人員也能方便地讀寫XML. 這個工具就是XMLBean.

    三、準備XMLBean和XML文檔

       XMLBean是Apache的一個開源項目,可以從http://www.apache.org下載,
    最新的版本是2.0. 解壓后目錄如下:
    xmlbean2.0.0
         +---bin
         +---docs
         +---lib
         +---samples
         +---schemas


    另外還要準備一個XML文檔(customers.xml),
    在本文的例子里,我們將對這個文檔進行讀寫操作. 文檔源碼如下:

    <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
    <Customers>
        <customer>
                <id>1</id>
                <gender>female</gender>
                <firstname>Jessica</firstname>
                <lastname>Lim</lastname>
                <phoneNumber>1234567</phoneNumber>
                <address>
                    <primaryAddress>
                            <postalCode>350106</postalCode>
                            <addressLine1>#25-1</addressLine1>
                            <addressLine2>SHINSAYAMA 2-CHOME</addressLine2>
                    </primaryAddress>
                    <billingAddress>
                            <receiver>Ms Danielle</receiver>
                            <postalCode>350107</postalCode>
                            <addressLine1>#167</addressLine1>
                            <addressLine2>NORTH TOWER HARBOUR CITY</addressLine2>
                    </billingAddress>
                </address>
        </customer>
        <customer>
                <id>2</id>
                <gender>male</gender>
                <firstname>David</firstname>
                <lastname>Bill</lastname>
                <phoneNumber>808182</phoneNumber>
                <address>
                    <primaryAddress>
                            <postalCode>319087</postalCode>
                            <addressLine1>1033 WS St.</addressLine1>
                            <addressLine2>Tima Road</addressLine2>
                    </primaryAddress>
                    <billingAddress>
                            <receiver>Mr William</receiver>
                            <postalCode>672993</postalCode>
                            <addressLine1>1033 WS St.</addressLine1>
                            <addressLine2>Tima Road</addressLine2>
                    </billingAddress>
                </address>
        </customer>
    </Customers>


    這是一個客戶的數據模型,每個客戶都有客戶編號(ID),姓名,性別(gender),
    電話號碼(phoneNumber)和地址,其中地址有兩個: 首要地址(PrimaryAddress)
    和帳單地址(BillingAddress),每個地址有郵編,地址1,和地址2組成.
    其中帳單地址還有收件人(receiver).

        此外,還要準備一個配置文件(文件名customer.xsdconfig),這個文件的
    作用我后面會講,它的內容如下:

    <xb:config xmlns:xb="http://xml.apache.org/xmlbeans/2004/02/xbean/config">

      <xb:namespace>
        <xb:package>sample.xmlbean</xb:package>
      </xb:namespace>

    </xb:config>


    四、XMLBean使用步驟

        和其他面向Java環境的對象/關系數據庫映射工具的使用步驟一樣,
    在正式使用XMLBean前,我們要作兩個準備.

        1. 生成XML Schema文件

           什么是XML Schema文件? 正常情況下,每個XML文件都有一個Schema文件,
           XML Schema文件是一個XML的約束文件,它定義了XML文件的結構和元素.
           以及對元素和結構的約束. 通俗地講,如果說XML文件是數據庫里的記錄,
           那么Schema就是表結構定義.

           為什么需要這個文件? XMLBean需要通過這個文件知道一個XML文件的
           結構以及約束,比如數據類型等. 利用這個Schema文件,XMLBean將會產生
           一系列相關的Java Classes來實現對XML的操作. 而作為開發人員,則是
           利用XMLBean產生的Java Classes來完成對XML的操作而不需要SAX或DOM.

           怎樣產生這個Schema文件呢? 如果對于熟悉XML的開發人員,可以自己來
           寫這個Schema文件,對于不熟悉XML的開發人員,可以通過一些工具來完成.
           比較有名的如XMLSPY和Stylus Studio都可以通過XML文件來生成Schema
           文件. 加入我們已經生成這個Schema文件(customer.xsd):
          

           <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
           <xs:schema xmlns:xs="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema"
                      elementFormDefault="qualified">
             <xs:element name="Customers">
               <xs:complexType>
                 <xs:sequence>
                   <xs:element maxOccurs="unbounded" name="customer"
                               type="customerType"/>
                 </xs:sequence>
               </xs:complexType>
             </xs:element>
           <xs:complexType name="customerType">
                 <xs:sequence>
                   <xs:element name="id" type="xs:int"/>
                   <xs:element name="gender" type="xs:string"/>
                   <xs:element name="firstname" type="xs:string"/>
                   <xs:element name="lastname" type="xs:string"/>
                   <xs:element name="phoneNumber" type="xs:string"/>
                   <xs:element name="address" type="addressType"/>
                 </xs:sequence>
           </xs:complexType>
             <xs:complexType name="addressType">
                 <xs:sequence>
                   <xs:element name="primaryAddress" type="primaryAddressType"/>
                   <xs:element name="billingAddress" type="billingAddressType"/>
                 </xs:sequence>
             </xs:complexType>

             <xs:complexType name="primaryAddressType">
                 <xs:sequence>
                   <xs:element name="postalCode" type="xs:string"/>
                   <xs:element name="addressLine1" type="xs:string"/>
                   <xs:element name="addressLine2" type="xs:string"/>
                 </xs:sequence>
             </xs:complexType>
             <xs:complexType name="billingAddressType">
                 <xs:sequence>
                       <xs:element name="receiver" type="xs:string"/>
                   <xs:element name="postalCode" type="xs:string"/>
                   <xs:element name="addressLine1" type="xs:string"/>
                   <xs:element name="addressLine2" type="xs:string"/>
                 </xs:sequence>
             </xs:complexType>
           </xs:schema>
          


        2. 利用scomp來生成Java Classes

           scomp是XMLBean提供的一個編譯工具,它在bin的目錄下. 通過這個工具,
           我們可以將以上的Schema文件生成Java Classes.
           scomp的語法如下:-

          

           scomp [options] [dirs]* [schemaFile.xsd]* [service.wsdl]* [config.xsdconfig]*
          


           主要參數說明:
           -src [dir]                  -- 生成的Java Classes存放目錄
         -srconly                  -- 不編譯Java Classes,不產生Jar文件
         -out [jarFileName]  -- 生成的Jar文件,缺省是xmltypes.jar
           -compiler                 -- Java編譯器的路徑,即Javac的位置
           schemaFile.xsd    -- XML Schema文件位置
           config.xsdconfig   -- xsdconfig文件的位置, 這個文件主要用來制定生成的Java Class
                                  的一些文件名規則和Package的名稱,在本文,package是sample.xmlbean

           在本文,我是這樣運行的:
          

           scomp -src build\src  -out build\customerXmlBean.jar schema\customer.xsd
                 -compiler C:\jdk142_04\bin\javac customer.xsdconfig
          


           這個命令行的意思是告訴scomp生成customerXmlBean.jar,放在build目錄下,同時
           生成源代碼放在build\src下, Schema文件是customer.xsd,xsdconfig文件是customer.xsdconfig.

           其實, 生成的Java源代碼沒有多大作用,我們要的是jar文件.我們先看一下build\src\sample\xmlbean下生成的Classes.
          

              CustomersDocument.java    -- 整個XML文檔的Java Class映射
           CustomerType.java              -- 節點sustomer的映射
           AddressType.java                 -- 節點address的映射
           BillingAddressType.java        -- 節點billingAddress的映射
           PrimaryAddressType.java      -- 節點primaryAddress的映射
        


           好了,到此我們所有的準備工作已經完成了. 下面就開始進入重點:利用剛才生成的jar文件讀寫XML.

    五、利用XMLBean讀XML文件

        新建一個Java Project,將XMLBean2.0.0\lib\下的Jar文件和剛才我們生成的customerXmlBean.jar加入
        到Project的ClassPath.

        新建一個Java Class: CustomerXMLBean.  源碼如下:
        

        package com.sample.reader;

        import java.io.File;
        
        import sample.xmlbean.*;
        import org.apache.commons.beanutils.BeanUtils;
        import org.apache.xmlbeans.XmlOptions;
        public class CustomerXMLBean {
        private String filename = null;
        
        public CustomerXMLBean(String filename) {
                super();
                this.filename = filename;
        }

        public void customerReader() {
                try {
                  File xmlFile = new File(filename);
                  CustomersDocument doc = CustomersDocument.Factory.parse(xmlFile);
                  CustomerType[] customers = doc.getCustomers().getCustomerArray();
              
                  for (int i = 0; i < customers.length; i++) {
                    CustomerType customer = customers[i];
                    println("Customer#" + i);
                    println("Customer ID:" + customer.getId());
                    println("First name:" + customer.getFirstname());
                    println("Last name:" + customer.getLastname());
                    println("Gender:" + customer.getGender());
                    println("PhoneNumber:" + customer.getPhoneNumber());
                    // Primary address
                    PrimaryAddressType primaryAddress = customer.getAddress().getPrimaryAddress();
                    println("PrimaryAddress:");
                    println("PostalCode:" + primaryAddress.getPostalCode());
                    println("AddressLine1:" + primaryAddress.getAddressLine1());
                    println("AddressLine2:" + primaryAddress.getAddressLine2());
                    // Billing address
                    BillingAddressType billingAddress = customer.getAddress().getBillingAddress();
                    println("BillingAddress:");
                    println("Receiver:" + billingAddress.getReceiver());
                    println("PostalCode:" + billingAddress.getPostalCode());
                    println("AddressLine1:" + billingAddress.getAddressLine1());
                    println("AddressLine2:" + billingAddress.getAddressLine2());
                
                  }
                } catch (Exception ex) {
                        ex.printStackTrace();
                }
        }
        private void println(String str) {
              System.out.println(str);
        }
       public static void main(String[] args) {
          String filename = "F://JavaTest//Eclipse//XMLBean//xml//customers.xml";
                      
         CustomerXMLBean customerXMLBean = new CustomerXMLBean(filename);
                       customerXMLBean.customerReader();
        }

        }
        


        運行它,參看輸出結果:
        

           Customer#0
           Customer ID:1
           First name:Jessica
           Last name:Lim
           Gender:female
           PhoneNumber:1234567
           PrimaryAddress:
           PostalCode:350106
           AddressLine1:#25-1
           AddressLine2:SHINSAYAMA 2-CHOME
           BillingAddress:
           Receiver:Ms Danielle
           PostalCode:350107
           AddressLine1:#167
           AddressLine2:NORTH TOWER HARBOUR CITY

           Customer#1
           Customer ID:2
           First name:David
           Last name:Bill
           Gender:male
           PhoneNumber:808182
           PrimaryAddress:
           PostalCode:319087
           AddressLine1:1033 WS St.
           AddressLine2:Tima Road
           BillingAddress:
           Receiver:Mr William
           PostalCode:672993
           AddressLine1:1033 WS St.
           AddressLine2:Tima Road
        

        怎么樣,是不是很輕松? XMLBean的威力.

    六、利用XMLBean寫XML文件

        利用XMLBean創建一個XML文檔也是一件輕而易舉的事.我們再增加一個Method,
        請看一下的Java Class:
        

        public void createCustomer() {
        try {
            // Create Document
            CustomersDocument doc = CustomersDocument.Factory.newInstance();
            // Add new customer
            CustomerType customer = doc.addNewCustomers().addNewCustomer();
            // set customer info
            customer.setId(3);
            customer.setFirstname("Jessica");
            customer.setLastname("Lim");
            customer.setGender("female");
            customer.setPhoneNumber("1234567");
            // Add new address
            AddressType address = customer.addNewAddress();
            // Add new PrimaryAddress
            PrimaryAddressType primaryAddress = address.addNewPrimaryAddress();
            primaryAddress.setPostalCode("350106");
            primaryAddress.setAddressLine1("#25-1");
            primaryAddress.setAddressLine2("SHINSAYAMA 2-CHOME");

            // Add new BillingAddress
            BillingAddressType billingAddress = address.addNewBillingAddress();
            billingAddress.setReceiver("Ms Danielle");
            billingAddress.setPostalCode("350107");
            billingAddress.setAddressLine1("#167");
            billingAddress.setAddressLine2("NORTH TOWER HARBOUR CITY");

            File xmlFile = new File(filename);
            doc.save(xmlFile);
            } catch (Exception ex) {
                    ex.printStackTrace();
            }

      }
        

        修改main method.
        

        public static void main(String[] args) {
        String filename = "F://JavaTest//Eclipse//XMLBean//xml//customers_new.xml";
            CustomerXMLBean customerXMLBean = new CustomerXMLBean(filename);
            customerXMLBean.createCustomer();
        }
        

        運行,打開customers_new.xml:
        

        <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
        <Customers>
        <customer>
                <id>3</id>
                <gender>female</gender>
                <firstname>Jessica</firstname>
                <lastname>Lim</lastname>
                <phoneNumber>1234567</phoneNumber>
                <address>
                        <primaryAddress>
                             <postalCode>350106</postalCode>
                             <addressLine1>#25-1</addressLine1>
                                           <addressLine2>SHINSAYAMA 2-CHOME</addressLine2>
                        </primaryAddress>
                        <billingAddress>
                            <receiver>Ms Danielle</receiver>
                            <postalCode>350107</postalCode>
                           <addressLine1>#167</addressLine1>
                           <addressLine2>NORTH TOWER HARBOUR CITY</addressLine2>
                        </billingAddress>
                        </address>
                </customer>
        </Customers>
        



    七、利用XMLBean修改XML文件

        我們再增加一個Method:
        

          public void updateCustomer(int id,String lastname) {
             try {
            File xmlFile = new File(filename);
            CustomersDocument doc = CustomersDocument.Factory.parse(xmlFile);
            CustomerType[] customers = doc.getCustomers().getCustomerArray();
          
            for (int i = 0; i < customers.length; i++) {
               CustomerType customer = customers[i];
              if(customer.getId()==id){
                    customer.setLastname(lastname);
                    break;
                }
            }
            doc.save(xmlFile);
             } catch (Exception ex) {
              ex.printStackTrace();
             }
               }
        

        main method:
        

        public static void main(String[] args) {
         String filename = "F://JavaTest//Eclipse//XMLBean//xml//customers_new.xml";
                        
        CustomerXMLBean customerXMLBean = new CustomerXMLBean(filename);
                        
        customerXMLBean.updateCustomer(3,"last");
        }
        

        運行之后,我們將會看到客戶編號為3的客戶的lastname已經改為last.

    八、利用XMLBean刪除一個customer

        再增加一個Method:
        

        public void deleteCustomer(int id) {
         try {
          File xmlFile = new File(filename);
         CustomersDocument doc = CustomersDocument.Factory.parse(xmlFile);
        CustomerType[] customers = doc.getCustomers().getCustomerArray();

       for (int i = 0; i < customers.length; i++) {
            CustomerType customer = customers[i];
            if(customer.getId()==id){
                            customer.setNil() ;
                            break;
                   }
       }
       doc.save(xmlFile);
       } catch (Exception ex) {
            ex.printStackTrace();
            }
       }


             main method:
        

        public static void main(String[] args) {
        String filename = "F://JavaTest//Eclipse//XMLBean//xml//customers_new.xml";
                        
        CustomerXMLBean customerXMLBean = new CustomerXMLBean(filename);
                        
        customerXMLBean.deleteCustomer(3);
        }

            
    運行,我們將會看到客戶編號為3的客戶的資料已經被刪除.

    九、查詢XML

        除了本文在以上講述的,利用XMLBean能輕輕松松完成XML的讀寫操作外,結合XPath和XQuery,
       XMLBean還能完成象SQL查詢數據庫一樣方便地查詢XML數據. 關于XML查詢以及如何創建XML數據庫, 我將在另一篇文章里討論.



    十、結束語
        XMLBean能幫助我們輕易讀寫XML,這將有助于我們降低XML的學習和使用,有了這個基礎,
        開發人員將為學習更多地XML相關技術和Web Services,JMS等其他J2EE技術打下良好地基礎.


    關于作者:
    葉楓:熱愛Java和Oracle. 在軟件開發有近10年, 目前在國外一家美國大公司擔任SA, 負責技術研究。作者Blog:http://blog.matrix.org.cn/page/葉楓
    posted on 2005-12-05 19:52 Dion 閱讀(1110) 評論(0)  編輯  收藏 所屬分類: Java
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