轉(zhuǎn)自: 這里
1. 配置RedHat AS 3
操作系統(tǒng)版本：
Red Hat Enterprise Linux AS release 3 (Taroon)
Kernel 2.4.21-4.EL on an i686
按照常規(guī)來安裝操作系統(tǒng),記得要安裝開發(fā)工具(gcc等必要工具).
1.1 檢查必要的硬件信息
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檢查內(nèi)容
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最小值
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檢查命令參考
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物理內(nèi)存
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512M
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# grep MemTotal /proc/meminfo
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交換空間
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1.0 GB或者2倍內(nèi)存大小
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# grep SwapTotal /proc/meminfo
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/tmp 空間
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400 MB
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# df -k /tmp
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軟件所需空間
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2.5 GB
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# df -k (空間越大越好,如果是正式系統(tǒng),應(yīng)該進(jìn)行詳盡的規(guī)劃)
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數(shù)據(jù)庫文件
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1.2 GB
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# df -k (空間越大越好,如果是正式系統(tǒng),應(yīng)該進(jìn)行詳盡的規(guī)劃)
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檢查完如上各項(xiàng)之后, 應(yīng)該修改核心參數(shù).執(zhí)行如下命令:
#vi /etc/sysctl.conf
#注釋:
#表示使用root用戶操作,$表示使用oracle 用戶進(jìn)行操作.提示符后面的藍(lán)色部分表示需要輸入的命令，以下同．
在該文件末尾加入如下內(nèi)容:
kernel.shmall = 2097152
kernel.shmmax = 2147483648
kernel.shmmni = 4096
kernel.sem = 250 32000 100 128
fs.file-max = 65536
net.ipv4.ip_local_port_range = 1024 65000
編輯完之后,保存,執(zhí)行 # /sbin/sysctl -p 命令操作來使我們所做的變更生效.
注:上面kernel.shmmax/kernel.sem等是典型的核心參數(shù)配置.您可能需要根據(jù)您的實(shí)際環(huán)境進(jìn)行適當(dāng)?shù)淖儎?dòng).
關(guān)于這些核心參數(shù)的說明在Oracle的 Oracle9i Installation Guide Release 2 (9.2.0.1.0) for UNIX Systems 中有很詳細(xì)的說明.(
http://download-west.oracle.com/docs/html/A96167_01/toc.htm
)
然后,應(yīng)該檢查一下上面的操作是否正確:
# /sbin/sysctl -a | grep sem
# /sbin/sysctl -a | grep shm
# /sbin/sysctl -a | grep file-max
# /sbin/sysctl -a | grep ip_local_port_range
為Oracle用戶設(shè)定Shell的限制
一般來說，出于性能上的考慮,還需要需要進(jìn)行如下的設(shè)定，以便改進(jìn)Oracle用戶的有關(guān) nofile(可打開的文件描述符的最大數(shù))和nproc(單個(gè)用戶可用的最大進(jìn)程數(shù)量)
# vi /etc/security/limits.conf
# 添加如下的行
*?????????????? soft??? nproc?? 2047
*?????????????? hard??? nproc?? 16384
*?????????????? soft??? nofile? 1024
*?????????????? hard??? nofile? 65536
添加如下的行到/etc/pam.d/login 文件：
session??? required???? /lib/security/pam_limits.so
編輯 /etc/profile 文件,添加如下部分：
if [ $USER = "oracle" ]; then?
??????? if [ $SHELL = "/bin/ksh" ]; then?
??????????????? ulimit -p 16384?
??????????????? ulimit -n 65536?
??????? else?
??????????????? ulimit -u 16384 -n 65536?
??????? fi?
fi
之后，執(zhí)行$ ulimit 驗(yàn)證一下.
1.2 檢查并安裝相關(guān)補(bǔ)丁
在這個(gè)版本的RHEL上安裝Oracle,必須要有幾個(gè)軟件包. 確認(rèn)以下 rpm包都已經(jīng)安裝:
make-3.79
binutils-2.11
openmotif-2.2.2-16
setarch-1.3-1
compat-db-4.0.14.5
compat-gcc-7.3-2.96.122
compat-gcc-c++-7.3-2.96.122
compat-libstdc++-7.3-2.96.122
compat-libstdc++-devel-7.3-2.96.122
# rpm -qa | grep compat
# 在機(jī)器上輸出如下:
compat-gcc-c++-7.3-2.96.122
compat-libstdc++-7.3-2.96.122
compat-libstdc++-devel-7.3-2.96.122
compat-glibc-7.x-2.2.4.32.5
compat-db-4.0.14-5
compat-gcc-7.3-2.96.122
# rpm -qa | grep openmotif
openmotif-devel-2.2.2-16
openmotif-2.2.2-16
# rpm -qa | grep setarch
setarch-1.3-1
上面顯示的內(nèi)容是在筆者已經(jīng)安裝了具體的RPM包之后的結(jié)果.一般情況下,你的系統(tǒng)上的輸出結(jié)果和這個(gè)不同.如果個(gè)別包沒有安裝,把系統(tǒng)安裝光盤mount上,找到具體的軟件包(大多數(shù)在第三張光盤上),然后利用如下的命令來安裝相應(yīng)的包:
# rpm -ivh *.rpm
要額外注意的是,這些軟件包之間是有依賴性的,先后的順序要找好.否則會報(bào)告不能安裝的錯(cuò)誤. 此外，最好驗(yàn)證一下 gcc和glibc的版本(要求是gcc-3.2.3-2 或者更高):
#gcc -v
#rpm -q glibc
1.3 創(chuàng)建用戶和相關(guān)的組
# /usr/sbin/groupadd oinstall
# /usr/sbin/groupadd dba
# /usr/sbin/useradd -g oinstall -G dba oracle
如果只是測試目的的話，不創(chuàng)建oinstall組也沒什么. 不過還是規(guī)范一點(diǎn)比較好.如果oracle 用戶和dba組等已經(jīng)存在，作適當(dāng)?shù)恼{(diào)整即可.
1.4 檢查并調(diào)整環(huán)境變量
登錄為oracle用戶
# su - oracle
$ cd
$ vi .bash_profile
#添加如下內(nèi)容,你的具體值應(yīng)該不會和這個(gè)完全相同.
export ORACLE_BASE=/oracle
export ORACLE_HOME=$ORACLE_BASE/product/dbse
export ORACLE_SID=orcl
export PATH=$PATH:$HOME/bin:$ORACLE_HOME/bin
export LD_LIBRARY_PATH=$ORACLE_HOME/lib:/usr/lib
export LC_CTYPE=en_US.UTF-8
然后執(zhí)行
$ source .bash_profile
使環(huán)境變量生效. /oracle 等目錄應(yīng)該建立好并做合適的授權(quán).
2. 安裝Orale10g
mount安裝盤.由于10g無法以root安裝，以前面建的oracle用戶登錄.執(zhí)行:
$ ./runInstaller
按照提示安裝即可，最后還需要以root運(yùn)行兩個(gè)腳本。
3. 配置TNS參數(shù)
在 /oracle/product/dbse/network/admin/ 目錄下有 listener.ora 和 tnsnames.ora 兩個(gè)文件，設(shè)置如下：
#listener.ora
SID_LIST_LISTENER =
? (SID_LIST =
???? (SID_DESC =
????? (GLOBAL_DBNAME = orcl)
????? (ORACLE_HOME = /oracle/product/dbse)
????? (SID_NAME = orcl)
???? )
? )
LISTENER =
? (DESCRIPTION_LIST =
??? (DESCRIPTION =
??????? (ADDRESS_LIST =
????? (ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = IPC)(KEY = EXTPROC))
??????? )
??????? (ADDRESS_LIST =
????? (ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = 192.168.1.100)(PORT = 1521))
??????? )
??? )
? )
#tnsnames.ora
ORCL =
? (DESCRIPTION =
??? (ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = 192.168.1.100)(PORT = 1521))
??? (CONNECT_DATA =
????? (SERVER = DEDICATED)
????? (SERVICE_NAME = orcl)
??? )
? )
EXTPROC_CONNECTION_DATA =
? (DESCRIPTION =
????? (ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = IPC)(KEY = EXTPROC))
??????? (CONNECT_DATA =
????? (SID = PLSExtProc)
????? (PRESENTATION = RO)
??? )
? )
其中SERVICE_NAME與SID_NAME一定要和.bash_profile中的ORACLE_SID相一致，否則無法啟動(dòng)
4. 啟動(dòng)Oracle
以oracle用戶登錄
4.1 啟動(dòng)TNS監(jiān)聽器
$ lsnrctl start
出現(xiàn)如下顯示，表示監(jiān)聽服務(wù)成功開啟
LSNRCTL for Linux: Version 10.2.0.1.0 - Production on 22-FEB-2006 10:24:03
Copyright (c) 1991, 2005, Oracle.? All rights reserved.
Starting /oracle/product/dbse/bin/tnslsnr: please wait...
TNSLSNR for Linux: Version 10.2.0.1.0 - Production
System parameter file is /oracle/product/dbse/network/admin/listener.ora
Log messages written to /oracle/product/dbse/network/log/listener.log
Listening on: (DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=ipc)(KEY=EXTPROC)))
Listening on: (DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=tcp)(HOST=192.168.1.100)(PORT=1521)))
Connecting to (DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=IPC)(KEY=EXTPROC)))
STATUS of the LISTENER
------------------------
Alias???????????????????? LISTENER
Version?????????????????? TNSLSNR for Linux: Version 10.2.0.1.0 - Production
Start Date??????????????? 22-FEB-2006 10:24:03
Uptime??????????????????? 0 days 0 hr. 0 min. 0 sec
Trace Level?????????????? off
Security????????????????? ON: Local OS Authentication
SNMP????????????????????? OFF
Listener Parameter File?? /oracle/product/dbse/network/admin/listener.ora
Listener Log File???????? /oracle/product/dbse/network/log/listener.log
Listening Endpoints Summary...
? (DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=ipc)(KEY=EXTPROC)))
? (DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=tcp)(HOST=192.168.1.100)(PORT=1521)))
Services Summary...
Service "orcl" has 1 instance(s).
? Instance "orcl", status UNKNOWN, has 1 handler(s) for this service...
The command completed successfully
4.2啟動(dòng)數(shù)據(jù)庫
9i 之后已經(jīng)沒有 svrmgrl 了，所有的管理工作都通過 sqlplus 來完成：
$ sqlplus /nolog
SQL> connect system/change_on_install as sysdba
SQL> startup
出現(xiàn)如下顯示，表示Oracle已經(jīng)成功啟動(dòng)
ORACLE instance started.
Total System Global Area? 285212672 bytes
Fixed Size????????????????? 1218968 bytes
Variable Size????????????? 88082024 bytes
Database Buffers????????? 188743680 bytes
Redo Buffers??????????????? 7168000 bytes
Database mounted.
Database opened.
4.3 自動(dòng)啟動(dòng)與關(guān)閉
編輯 /etc/oratab ，把所有的 instance 的重啟動(dòng)標(biāo)志設(shè)置成 'Y'，如:
orcl:/oracle/product/dbse:Y
做一個(gè)啟動(dòng)腳本 /etc/init.d/dbora ，如下所示:
#!/bin/sh
# description: Oracle auto start-stop script.
# chkconfig: - 20 80
#
# Set ORA_HOME to be equivalent to the $ORACLE_HOME
# from which you wish to execute dbstart and dbshut;
#
# Set ORA_OWNER to the user id of the owner of the
# Oracle database in ORA_HOME.
ORA_HOME=/oracle/product/dbse
ORA_OWNER=oracle
if [ ! -f $ORA_HOME/bin/dbstart ]
then
echo "Oracle startup: cannot start"
exit
fi
case "$1" in
'start')
# Start the Oracle databases:
# The following command assumes that the oracle login
# will not prompt the user for any values
su - $ORA_OWNER -c $ORA_HOME/bin/dbstart
su - $ORA_OWNER -c "$ORA_HOME/bin/lsnrctl start"
;;
'stop')
# Stop the Oracle databases:
# The following command assumes that the oracle login
# will not prompt the user for any values
su - $ORA_OWNER -c "$ORA_HOME/bin/lsnrctl stop"
su - $ORA_OWNER -c $ORA_HOME/bin/dbshut
;;
'restart')
$0 stop
$0 start
;;
esac
賦予執(zhí)行權(quán)限
chmod 750 /etc/init.d/dbora
作成以下鏈接:
ln -s /etc/init.d/dbora /etc/rc0.d/K10dbora
ln -s /etc/init.d/dbora /etc/rc3.d/S99dbora
執(zhí)行以下命令:
chkconfig --level 345 dbora on
這樣就OK了。下次開關(guān)機(jī)的時(shí)候，Oracle也會隨之啟動(dòng)/停止。
參考信息
http://www.dbanotes.net