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    讓變化成為計劃的一部分

    歡迎大家探討本Blog涉及的所有軟件課題。我的Google Talk ID:zhengyun(at)gmail.com。

    我最希望軟件帶給用戶的感受是:美好的體驗、舒適感、簡約、干凈...

    posts - 32, comments - 8, trackbacks - 0, articles - 0
      BlogJava :: 首頁 :: 新隨筆 :: 聯系 :: 聚合  :: 管理

    另外,還有一篇必讀的文章《Debugging MIDP HTTP Requests,http://developers.sun.com/techtopics/mobility/midp/articles/httpdebug/》,也給出了一份源代碼,http://developers.sun.com/techtopics/mobility/midp/articles/httpdebug/src/httpwrapper.zip,算是另外一種封裝實現了。

    一個來自日本的MIDP 1.0 HttpConnection類的robust封裝

    作者:zhengyun_ustc、cleverpig



    一、“NetConnection”簡介:

    轉述Matrix上zhengyun_ustc所述:“你的HttpConnection是否封裝的足夠健壯呢?遇到各種情況,你是否有信心應對呢?譬如說,你要請求的Response包實在太大,以至于運營商給你掐了告訴你說超時;譬如說你是不是總要自己寫一個線程來專門作http連接?譬如說有一些移動運營商設置了caching proxy servers,妨礙了你的測試?!?BR>
    為了解決這個問題,一位日本程序員“JAY-F”針對MIDP1.0提供了一種robust的“NetConnection”封裝。這個HttpConnnection類負責管理連接并易于使用。

    二、“NetConnection”特性:

    1. 跨過Proxy-server阻礙:

    一些移動網絡放置了代理服務器用來提高訪問速度,但是它的cache也成為了開發人員測試/調試程序的一大障礙。“NetConnection”類使用一個簡單的http request屬性將server上的代理功能關閉掉。

    2. 使用線程分離的連接模式:

    本類可以使用單線程、多線程兩種模式運行,只要設置一個簡單的標志即可。

    3. 支持Http request range:

    由于服務商在其網絡上可能存在一些針對回應數據最大長度的限制,所以“NetConnection”類提供了構造request URL的功能使回應數據分為多個數據包。從而去除了前面的限制。

    三、netConnection是如何實現的?

    1。netConnection類結構分析:

    此類實現了Runnable接口,其運行模式支持多線程模式:當前只能由一個線程使用資源,其它線程wait。

    此類使用了一些靜態成員變量:

            //當前只能由一個線程使用singleton。
            private static NetConnection singleton = new NetConnection();

            private static HttpConnection httpConn;

            private static String url;

            private static String method;

            private static byte[] data;
                    

            private static String contentType;
            

            private static long lowRange;
            

            private static long highRange;
            

            private static boolean disableProxy;
            

            private static boolean detached;
            
            private static byte[] response;


    類方法:

    //線程run方法
    public void run()

    //當前運行的線程執行完畢后,通報給其它的由于等待資源而wait狀態的線程
    private synchronized void forceNotify()

    //當資源正在被其它線程使用時,當前線程進入wait狀態
    private synchronized void forceWait()

    //關閉http連接
    private static void severConnection()


    由于使用了這些static成員變量,所以一些操作方法需要同步(synchronized)。

    2。netConnection核心代碼解析:

    netConnection類的實現思想很簡單,就是設置一些request屬性和對于GET方法構造一個特殊的URL。更重要的是其作者對http協議的深入理解、嚴謹的代碼風格值得吾輩學習、研究。這也是本人分析其核心代碼的一大原因。

    /**
    * 實現了連接邏輯。
    * 調用者可以在分離的線程中使用netConnection類的靜態連接。
    * @throws IllegalStateException 如果此方法直接其它類調用則拋出該異常
    */
    public void run() {
            
            if (url == null) {
                    throw new IllegalStateException("Cannot invoke this method!");
            }

            
            DataOutputStream dos = null;
            DataInputStream dis = null;
            StringBuffer buffer = null;

            try {

                    int permissions = 0;
                    
                    //根據method值,設置Connector的權限(READ/READ_WRITE)
                    if (HttpConnection.GET.equals(method)) {
                            permissions = Connector.READ;
                    } else if (HttpConnection.POST.equals(method)) {
                            permissions = Connector.READ_WRITE;
                    }
                    
                    //如果關閉server代理功能,則構造noProxyUrl。
                    //原理:使用timestamp作為該URL中no-proxy參數值,
                    //        致使server視其為client發來的新請求。
                    if (disableProxy) {
                            
                            boolean hasQueryParams = false;
                            
                            char[] ca = url.toCharArray();
                            //判斷原URL中是否含有參數
                            for (int loop = 0; loop < url.length(); loop++) {
                                    
                                    if (ca[loop] == '?') {
                                            hasQueryParams = true;
                                            break;
                                    }
                            }
                            
                            //由于需要多次字符串拼接,所以使用可提供效率的StringBuffer類
                            StringBuffer noProxyUrl = new StringBuffer();

                            //將原URL內容復制到noProxyUrl
                            noProxyUrl.append(url);

                            //如果原URL中含有參數,
                            //  則需要在noProxyUrl中增加"&",
                            //  否則直接在noProxyUrl中增加"?",
                            //  這樣做為了后面增加no-proxy參數做準備。
                            if (hasQueryParams) {
                                    noProxyUrl.append("&");
                            } else {
                                    noProxyUrl.append("?");
                            }

                            //增加no-proxy參數
                            noProxyUrl.append("no-proxy=");
                            noProxyUrl.append(System.currentTimeMillis()); // timestamp
                            
                            //將構造好的noProxyUrl復制到原URL
                            url = noProxyUrl.toString();
                    }
                    
                    

                    // 打開Http 連接
                    httpConn = (HttpConnection) Connector.open(url, permissions, true);
                    //設置request方法
                    httpConn.setRequestMethod(method);

                    //如果request權限為READ(即request方法為GET),
                    //則需要設置http request屬性的Range。
                    //原理:設置http request屬性的Range后的,
                    //        server接收到該request后將把response數據分成小部分發回。
                    //        從而避免了部分運營商對http response size的限制。
                    if (permissions == Connector.READ) {        
                            if (lowRange > -1 && lowRange < highRange) {
                                    StringBuffer range = new StringBuffer();
                                    
                                    range.append("bytes=");
                                    range.append(lowRange);
                                    range.append("-");
                                    range.append(highRange);
                                    
                                    httpConn.setRequestProperty("Range", range.toString());
                            }
                    //否則,request權限為READ_WRITE(即request方法為POST),
                    //那么設置request的Content-Type屬性。
                    } else if (permissions == Connector.READ_WRITE) {
                            // POST request
                            httpConn.setRequestProperty("Content-Type", contentType);
                            dos = httpConn.openDataOutputStream();
                            dos.write(data);
                    }
            
            } catch (Exception e) {
            
                    exceptionPipe = e;
                    //如果程序運行在多線程模式,則在異常發生后需要喚醒其它睡眠的線程繼續run
                    if (detached) {
                            forceNotify();
                    }
                    
                    return;
                    
            } finally {

                    try {
                            try {
                                    if (dos != null) {
                                            // 關閉dos
                                            dos.close();
                                    }
                            } catch (Exception e) {
                                    // 如果程序運行在多線程模式,則在異常發生后需要喚醒其它睡眠的線程繼續run
                                    if (exceptionPipe == null) {
                                            exceptionPipe = e;
                                            
                                            if (detached) {
                                                    forceNotify();
                                            }
                                            return;
                                    }
                            } finally {
                                    dos = null;
                            }
                            
                            // 讀取http連接的回應代碼
                            int responseCode = httpConn.getResponseCode();
                            
                            //當request方法為GET,并設置了request range時,接收到的回應代碼為HTTP_PARTIAL
                            //當request方法為POST,接收到的回應代碼為HTTP_OK
                            //如果上述兩種回應代碼均沒有收到,則表明連接失敗或者出問題
                            if (responseCode != HttpConnection.HTTP_OK
                                            && responseCode != HttpConnection.HTTP_PARTIAL) {

                                    if (exceptionPipe == null) {
                                            StringBuffer errorCode = new StringBuffer();
                                            errorCode.append("Response code from server: ");
                                            errorCode.append(responseCode);
                                            errorCode.append("\nMessage: [");
                                            errorCode.append(httpConn.getResponseMessage());
                                            errorCode.append("]");
                                            
                                            exceptionPipe = new IOException(errorCode.toString());
                                            
                                            if (detached) {
                                                    forceNotify();
                                            }
                                            return;
                                    }
                            }

                            //如果收到了上述的兩種回應代碼之一,則可以繼續讀取server的response數據
                            dis = httpConn.openDataInputStream();

                            //循環讀取repsonse數據
                            int ch;
                            buffer = new StringBuffer();
                    while ((ch = dis.read()) != -1) {
                            buffer.append((char) ch);
                    }

                    //將response數據進行必要的編碼轉換                
                            response = buffer.toString().getBytes("ISO8859_1");
                            //接收到回應后,表明整個http會話過程結束,線程將結束。
                            //如果程序運行在多線程模式,則此時需要喚醒其它睡眠的線程繼續run
                            if (detached) {
                                    forceNotify();
                            }
                            
                            return;

                    } catch (Exception e) {
                            
                            if (exceptionPipe == null) {
                                    exceptionPipe = e;
                                    
                                    if (detached) {
                                            forceNotify();
                                    }
                                    
                                    return;
                            }
                    } finally {
                        
                            try {
                                    if (dis != null) {
                                            // 關閉dis
                                            dis.close();
                                    }
                            } catch (Exception e) {
                                    // 若關閉dis時發生異常,則進行異常處理
                                    if (exceptionPipe == null) {
                                            exceptionPipe = e;
                                            
                                            if (detached) {
                                                    forceNotify();
                                            }
                                            return;
                                    }
                            } finally {
                                    dis = null;
                            }
                            
                            try {
                                    if (httpConn != null) {
                                            //關閉http連接
                                            httpConn.close();

                                            httpConn = null;
                                    }
                            } catch (Exception e) {

                                    if (exceptionPipe == null) {
                                            exceptionPipe = e;
                                            
                                            if (detached) {
                                                    forceNotify();
                                            }
                                            return;
                                    }
                            }
                    }
            }
    }


    五、參考資料:

    聯系netConnection作者:JAY-F
    源代碼下載
    HTTP/1.1定義


    不知道大家會更喜歡哪一種封裝呢?


    HttpConnectionWrapper嗎?
    他的調用方法:


            Wait w = (Wait) display.getCurrent();
            HttpConnection conn = null;
            InputStream in = null;
            
            try {
                conn = new HttpConnectionWrapper( (HttpConnection) Connector.open( url ) );
                conn.setRequestProperty( "User-Agent", "Profile/MIDP-1.0 Configuration/CLDC-1.0" );
                conn.setRequestProperty( "Connection", "close" );
                conn.setRequestProperty( "Send-HTTP-Log-To", "ericgiguere@ericgiguere.com" );
                int rc = conn.getResponseCode();
                w.update( "Response code " + rc );
                in = conn.openInputStream();
                
                for( int i = 0; i < 100; ++i ){
                    if( in.read() == -1 ) break;
                }


    封裝類示意:


    /**
     * A wrapper for the HttpConnection interface that logs method
     * calls and state transitions. Wrap a connection immediately
     * after obtaining it from Connector.open. Information is logged
     * according to the log level set the "httpwrapper" logger.
     */

    public class HttpConnectionWrapper implements HttpConnection {



    還是NetConnection?
    他的調用方法:

    NetConnection.connect("http://www.molon.com.cn/",data,HttpConnection.GET,...);


    封裝類示意:


    /**
     * This class provides robust network connectivity and exception handling
     * over an unreliable MIDP HttpConnection.
     *
     * In addition the caller may perform a combination of any of the below
     * functions.
     *
     * - Proxy-server thwarting
     * - HTTP range requests
     * - Thread-separated connections
     *
     * @author Jason Fuerstenberg (http://www.jay-f.jp)
     * @version 2004/03/15
     */
    public final class NetConnection implements Runnable {

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