1 輸入/輸出流
           字節(jié)流      字符流
 輸入流  InputStream    Reader
 輸出流  OutputStream   Writer
2 字節(jié)流和處理流
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3 InputStream 向程序中輸入數(shù)據(jù)
InputStream---FileInputStream
InputStream---StringBufferInputStream
InputStream---ObjectInputStream
基本方法
-讀取一個(gè)字節(jié)并以整數(shù)的形式返回
-如果返回-1已到輸入流的末尾
int read() throws IOException
-讀取一系列字節(jié)并存儲(chǔ)到一個(gè)數(shù)組buffer
int read(byte[] buffer) throws IOException
-讀取length個(gè)字節(jié)并存到一個(gè)字節(jié)數(shù)組buffer
int read(byte[] buffer,int offset[數(shù)組的那個(gè)下標(biāo)開(kāi)始存],int lenght) throws IOException
-關(guān)閉流
void close() throws IOException
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4 outputStream 輸出數(shù)據(jù)
OutputStream---FileOutputStream
OutputStream---ObjectOutputStream
-向輸出流中寫一個(gè)字節(jié)數(shù)據(jù)
void write(int b)throws IOException
-將一個(gè)字節(jié)類型的數(shù)組中的數(shù)據(jù)寫入輸出流
void write(byte[] b)throws IOException
-將一個(gè)字節(jié)類型的數(shù)組中的從指定位置off開(kāi)始的len個(gè)字節(jié)寫入到輸出流
void write(byte[] b,int off,int len)throws IOException
-關(guān)閉流
void close()throws IOException
-將輸出流中緩沖的數(shù)據(jù)全部寫出到目的地(重要：先f(wàn)lush再close)
void flush() throws IOException
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5 Reader/Writer
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6 FileInputStream/OutputStream
long num=0;
try{
 FileInputStream in=new FileInputStream("d:\\test.txt");
 FileOutputStream out=new FileOutputStream("d:/test1.text");
 while(int b=in.read()!=-1){
  out.write(b);
 }
 in.close();
 out.close();
}catch(){}
7 FileReader/FileWriter
  FileReader fr=null;
  FileWriter fw=null;
  int c=0;
  try{
 fr=new FileReader ("d:\\test.java");
 fw=new FileWriter ("d:/test1.java");
 while((c=fr.read)!=-1){
    System.out.print((char)c);
    fw.write(c);
 }
      fr.close();
      fw.close();
  }
 8 緩沖流
 常用構(gòu)造方法
 BufferedReader(Reader in)
 BufferedReader(Reader in,int sz)
 BufferedWreter(Writer out)
 BufferedWreter(Writer out,int sz)
 BufferedInputStream(InputStream in)
 BufferedInputStream(InputStream in,int size)
 BufferedOutputStream(OutputStream out)
 BufferedOutputStream(OutputStream out,int size)
 *BufferedReader提供了readLine方法用于讀取一行字符串
 *BufferedWreter提供了newLine用于寫入一個(gè)行分隔符
 *可以使用flush方法將輸出到緩沖流的數(shù)據(jù)在內(nèi)存中清空立刻寫入硬盤
try{
    FileInputStream fis=new FileInputStream("d:\\share\\HelloWorld.java");
    BufferedInputStream bis=new BufferedInputStream (fis);
    bis.mark(100);從第100開(kāi)始讀
}

try{
     BufferedWriter bw=new BufferedWriter (new FileWriter("d:\\test.txt"));
     BufferedReader br=new BufferedReader(new FileReader("d:\\test.txt"));
     String s=null;
     for(int i=0;i<=100;i++){
 s=String.valueOf(Math.random());
 bw.write(s);
        bw.newLine();//寫一個(gè)換行符
     }
     bw.flush();//清空緩存寫入文件
     while((s=br.readLine())!=null){
 System.out.println(s);
     }
     bw.close();
     br.close();
}
9 轉(zhuǎn)換流
  InputStreamReader/OutputStreamWriter
  用于字節(jié)數(shù)據(jù)到字符數(shù)據(jù)之間的轉(zhuǎn)換
  InputStreamReader 需要和 InputStream "套接"
  OutputStreamWriter 需要和 OutputStream "套接"
  InputStream isr=new InputStreamReader(System.in,"ISO8859-1");

try{
  OutputStreamWriter osw=new OutputStreamWriter (new FileOutputStream("d:\\test.txt"));
  osw.write("ssssssssssssssss");
  osw.close();
  osw=new OutputStreamWriter(new FileOutputStream("d:\\test.txt",true),"ISO8859-1");//true是指在原來(lái)的基礎(chǔ)上添加
  osw.write("ddddddddddddddddddd");
  osw.close();
}

InputStreamReader isr=new InputStreamReader(System.in);
BufferedReader br=new BufferedReader(isr);
String s=br.readLine();

10 流據(jù)流，存儲(chǔ)和讀取java原始類型
DataInputStream(InputStream in)/DataOutputStream(OutputStream out)
boolean readBoolean()
double readDouble()
String readUTF()

11 PrintStream / PrintWriter
printStream ps=null;
try{
   FileOutputStream fos=new FileOutStream("d:\\test.txt");
   ps=new PrintStream(fos);
}
if(ps!=null){
   System.setOut(ps);
}
int ln=0;
for(char c=0;c<=60000;c++){
   System.out.print(c+" ");
   if(ln++>=100){
 System.out.println();
 ln=0;
   }
}

12 ObjectInputStream/ObjectOutputStream
對(duì)象讀寫必須序列化，transient關(guān)鍵字表示該必性不被序列化
class t implements Serializable{
  int i=10;
  transient int j=9;
  double d=2.3;
}

T t=new T();
FileOutputStream fos=new FileOutputStream ();
ObjectOutputStream oos=new ObjectOutputStream (fos);
oos.writeObject(t);
oos.flush();
oos.close();
13 Externalizable接口
方法:
   void readExternal(ObjectInput in)
   void writeExternal(ObjectOutput out)