JavaVM,反射與動態代理
Java程序的工作機制:Java對象都以單獨的class文件存在,java虛擬機將其載入并執行其虛擬機指令。
Java虛擬機查找這些java對象:
java虛擬機根據class
path來查找java對象,而虛擬機的class path又分為三層:
bootstrap:sun.boot.class.path
extension: java.ext.dirs
application: java.class.path
三個class path各有對應的classloader。由上而下形成父子關系
當程序中調用new指令,或者ClassLoader.load方法時。其順序如下:
1.
首先查看application的classloader中是否已有對應的class緩存,如果有則返回,并根據class分配內存。如果沒有,接下一步。
2.
首先查看extension的classloader中是否已有對應的class緩存,如果有則返回,并根據class分配內存。如果沒有,接下一步。
3.
首先查看bootstrap的classloader中是否已有對應的class緩存,如果有則返回,并根據class分配內存。如果沒有,接下一步。
4. 由bootstrap的classloader在其class
path中試圖加載該class,如果有,則將該class放入cache中,并返回。如果沒有,接下一步。
5.
由extension的classloader在其class
path中試圖加載該class,如果有,則將該class放入cache中,并返回。如果沒有,接下一步。
6.
由application的classloader在其class
path中試圖加載該class,如果有,則將該class放入cache中,并返回。如果沒有,則拋出ClassNotFound的exception。
Java虛擬機加載這些java對象:
每個java虛擬機都在其啟動時產生一個唯一的class
heap,并把所有的class
instance都分配在其中。其中每個類實例的信息又分兩部分,fields域和methods域。每個類實例各自擁有fields,但同一個類的不同實例共享methods
反射
JVM對反射的處理
簡單例子代碼:
import
java.lang.reflect.InvocationHandler;
import java.lang.reflect.Method;
import java.lang.reflect.InvocationTargetException;
import
java.io.IOException;
public class Main {
public static
void main(String[] args){
TempImpl t1 = new TempImpl("temp1");
try {
Method t1Talk = t1.getClass().getMethod("Talk", new
Class[0]) ;
t1Talk.invoke(t1, null);
} catch
(NoSuchMethodException e) {
e.printStackTrace(); //To change body of
catch statement use File | Settings | File Templates.
} catch
(IllegalAccessException e) {
e.printStackTrace(); //To change body of
catch statement use File | Settings | File Templates.
} catch
(InvocationTargetException e) {
e.printStackTrace(); //To change body of
catch statement use File | Settings | File Templates.
}
try {
System.in.read();
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace(); //To change body of catch statement use File |
Settings | File Templates.
}
}
}
復雜例子代碼:
import java.lang.reflect.InvocationHandler;
import
java.lang.reflect.Method;
import
java.lang.reflect.InvocationTargetException;
import java.io.IOException;
public class Main {
public static void main(String[]
args){
TempImpl t1 = new TempImpl("temp1");
TempImpl t2 = new
TempImpl("temp2");
Temp2 temp2 = new Temp2();
try {
Method t1Talk = t1.getClass().getMethod("Talk", new Class[0]) ;
Method t2Talk = t2.getClass().getMethod("Talk", new Class[0]) ;
t1Talk.invoke(t2, null);
t2Talk.invoke(t1, null);
if(t1Talk.equals(t2Talk)){
System.out.println("equals");
}
else{
System.out.println("not equals");
}
if(t1Talk==t2Talk){
System.out.println("ref equals");
}
else{
System.out.println("ref not equals");
}
t2Talk.invoke(temp2, null);
} catch (NoSuchMethodException e) {
e.printStackTrace(); //To change body of catch statement use File |
Settings | File Templates.
} catch (IllegalAccessException e) {
e.printStackTrace(); //To change body of catch statement use File |
Settings | File Templates.
} catch (InvocationTargetException e) {
e.printStackTrace(); //To change body of catch statement use File |
Settings | File Templates.
}
try {
System.in.read();
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace(); //To change body
of catch statement use File | Settings | File Templates.
}
}
}
分析:java虛擬機把每個methods當作一個執行單元。該執行單元帶有兩種簽名:類簽名和屬性簽名(public,static等)。
反射的第一步,驗證簽名的合法性。驗證通過后,順序執行該method中的指令,當需要訪問類實例的fields和傳入參數時,由虛擬機注入。
動態代理
Sun對動態代理的說明:
一個簡單例子代碼:
動態代理的內部實現——代碼生成:
研究JDK源代碼,發現在Proxy的sun實現中調用了sun.misc.ProxyGenerator類的generateProxyClass(
proxyName, interfaces)方法,其返回值為byte[]和class文件的內存類型一致。于是做如下試驗:
public
class ProxyClassFile{
public static void main(String[] args){
String proxyName = "TempProxy";
TempImpl t = new
TempImpl("proxy");
Class[] interfaces =t.getClass().getInterfaces();
byte[] proxyClassFile = ProxyGenerator.generateProxyClass(
proxyName, interfaces);
File f = new
File("classes/TempProxy.class");
try {
FileOutputStream fos =
new FileOutputStream(f);
fos.write(proxyClassFile);
fos.flush();
fos.close();
} catch (FileNotFoundException e) {
e.printStackTrace(); //To change body of catch statement use File |
Settings | File Templates.
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace(); //To change body of catch statement use File |
Settings | File Templates.
}
}
}
運行該類,到class文件夾下,利用反編譯技術,發現原來其采用了代碼生產技術:
public
interface Temp{
public void Talk();
public void Run();
}
import java.lang.reflect.*;
public final class TempProxy
extends Proxy
implements Temp{
private static Method m4;
private static Method m2;
private static Method m0;
private static Method m3;
private static Method m1;
public TempProxy(InvocationHandler invocationhandler) {
super(invocationhandler);
}
public final void
Run() {
try {
h.invoke(this, m4, null);
return;
}
catch(Error _ex) { }
catch(Throwable throwable) {
throw new UndeclaredThrowableException(throwable);
}
}
public final String toString(){
try{
return
(String)h.invoke(this, m2, null);
}
catch(Error _ex) { }
catch(Throwable throwable) {
throw new
UndeclaredThrowableException(throwable);
}
return "";
}
public final int hashCode() {
try {
return
((Integer)h.invoke(this, m0, null)).intValue();
}
catch(Error
_ex) { }
catch(Throwable throwable){
throw new
UndeclaredThrowableException(throwable);
}
return 123;
}
public final void Talk(){
try{
h.invoke(this,
m3, null);
return;
}
catch(Error _ex) { }
catch(Throwable throwable) {
throw new
UndeclaredThrowableException(throwable);
}
}
public final boolean equals(Object obj) {
try {
return ((Boolean)h.invoke(this, m1, new Object[] {
obj
})).booleanValue();
}
catch(Error _ex) { }
catch(Throwable throwable) {
throw new
UndeclaredThrowableException(throwable);
}
return false;
}
static{
try{
m4 =
Class.forName("Temp").getMethod("Run", new Class[0]);
m2 =
Class.forName("java.lang.Object").getMethod("toString", new Class[0]);
m0 = Class.forName("java.lang.Object").getMethod("hashCode", new
Class[0]);
m3 = Class.forName("Temp").getMethod("Talk", new Class[0]);
m1 = Class.forName("java.lang.Object").getMethod("equals", new Class[] {
Class.forName("java.lang.Object")
});
}
catch(NoSuchMethodException nosuchmethodexception) {
throw new
NoSuchMethodError(nosuchmethodexception.getMessage());
}
catch(ClassNotFoundException classnotfoundexception) {
throw new
NoClassDefFoundError(classnotfoundexception.getMessage());
}
}
}
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