在CentOS下運行yum install flash-plugin或yum install mplayer的時候,提示庫里沒有找到這個軟件?為什么會這樣?因為CentOS是RHEL編譯過來的,去掉了所有關于版權問題的東西。因此,在沒有使用第三方軟件庫的情況下,很多軟件無法用yum install來直接安裝。
EPEL(Extra Packages for Enterprise Linux)軟件庫提供為RHEL系列(4.x、5.x、6.x等等)重新編譯的Fedora組件。這個軟件庫在不替換系統組件方面下了功夫。在某些情況下它嘗試直接針對CentOS兼容性的問題,但堅決否定軟件庫間的兼容性是目標之一。當它與其它第三方軟件庫混合使用時,問題可能會出現。故此,當你使用EPEL時,尤其是當你亦會運用其它件庫的組件時,請確保你使用yum的Priorities插件。
RPMForge庫現在已經擁有超過10000種的CentOS的軟件包,被CentOS社區認為是最安全也是最穩定的一個第三方軟件庫。
一、配置基本源
安裝CentOS yum源優先級插件yum-priorities
yum install yum-priorities #輸入y安裝
設置CentOS默認yum源的優先級為最高
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cd /etc/yum.repos.d/ #進入yum源目錄
vi CentOS-Base.repo #在[base]、[updates]、[extras]組下面添加priority=1,在[centosplus]、[contrib]組下面添加priority=2
- ################################################################
- [base]
- name=CentOS-$releasever - Base
- mirrorlist=http://mirrorlist.centos.org/?release=$releasever&arch=$basearch&repo=os
- #baseurl=http://mirror.centos.org/centos/$releasever/os/$basearch/
- gpgcheck=1
- gpgkey=file:///etc/pki/rpm-gpg/RPM-GPG-KEY-CentOS-6
- priority=1
- [updates]
- name=CentOS-$releasever - Updates
- mirrorlist=http://mirrorlist.centos.org/?release=$releasever&arch=$basearch&repo=updates
- #baseurl=http://mirror.centos.org/centos/$releasever/updates/$basearch/
- gpgcheck=1
- gpgkey=file:///etc/pki/rpm-gpg/RPM-GPG-KEY-CentOS-6
- priority=1
- [extras]
- name=CentOS-$releasever - Extras
- mirrorlist=http://mirrorlist.centos.org/?release=$releasever&arch=$basearch&repo=extras
- #baseurl=http://mirror.centos.org/centos/$releasever/extras/$basearch/
- gpgcheck=1
- gpgkey=file:///etc/pki/rpm-gpg/RPM-GPG-KEY-CentOS-6
- priority=1
- [centosplus]
- name=CentOS-$releasever - Plus
- mirrorlist=http://mirrorlist.centos.org/?release=$releasever&arch=$basearch&repo=centosplus
- #baseurl=http://mirror.centos.org/centos/$releasever/centosplus/$basearch/
- gpgcheck=1
- enabled=0
- gpgkey=file:///etc/pki/rpm-gpg/RPM-GPG-KEY-CentOS-6
- priority=2
- [contrib]
- name=CentOS-$releasever - Contrib
- mirrorlist=http://mirrorlist.centos.org/?release=$releasever&arch=$basearch&repo=contrib
- #baseurl=http://mirror.centos.org/centos/$releasever/contrib/$basearch/
- gpgcheck=1
- enabled=0
- gpgkey=file:///etc/pki/rpm-gpg/RPM-GPG-KEY-CentOS-6
- priority=2
二、EPEL(Extra Packages for Enterprise Linux)(http://fedoraproject.org/wiki/EPEL)
添加方法: 打開終端,輸入
32位系統:
[root@CentOS ~]#rpm -ivh http://download.fedoraproject.org/pub/epel/6/i386/epel-release-6-7.noarch.rpm (這里需要注意隨著fedora系統的更新-6-7是會變的當提示你不能下載時就出網站看看)
64位系統:
[root@CentOS ~]#rpm -ivh http://download.fedoraproject.org/pub/epel/6/x86_64/epel-release-6-7.noarch.rpm
然后導入公鑰(不導入的話會出錯)
rpm --import /etc/pki/rpm-gpg/RPM-GPG-KEY-EPEL-6
在/etc/yum.repos.d/epel.repo 里設置epel源的優先級為priority=11
- [epel]
- name=Extra Packages for Enterprise Linux 6 - $basearch
- #baseurl=http://download.fedoraproject.org/pub/epel/6/$basearch
- mirrorlist=https://mirrors.fedoraproject.org/metalink?repo=epel-6&arch=$basearch
- failovermethod=priority
- enabled=1
- gpgcheck=1
- gpgkey=file:///etc/pki/rpm-gpg/RPM-GPG-KEY-EPEL-6
- priority=11
最后執行yum update即可。三、下載與安裝相應rpmforge的rpm文件包
1、下載rpmforge的rpm文件包(http://wiki.centos.org/AdditionalResources/Repositories/RPMForge)
32位系統
[root@CentOS ~]# wget http://pkgs.repoforge.org/rpmforge-release/rpmforge-release-0.5.2-2.el6.rf.i686.rpm
64位系統
[root@CentOS ~]# wget http://pkgs.repoforge.org/rpmforge-release/rpmforge-release-0.5.2-2.el6.rf.x86_64.rpm
2、安裝DAG的PGP Key
[root@CentOS ~]# rpm --import http://dag.wieers.com/rpm/packages/RPM-GPG-KEY.dag.txt
3、驗證rpmforge的rpm文件包
[root@CentOS ~]# rpm -K rpmforge-release-0.5.2-2.el6.rf.*.rpm如果報XXX not an rpm package的錯,查看是否wget下載的包不完整,包的大小是12K
4、安裝rpmforge的rpm文件包
[root@CentOS ~]# rpm -ivh rpmforge-release-0.5.2-2.el6.rf.*.rpm
5、設置/etc/yum.repos.d/rpmforge.repo文件中源的級別,就是添加priority=12這句
- ### Name: RPMforge RPM Repository for RHEL 6 - dag
- ### URL: http://rpmforge.net/
- [rpmforge]
- name = RHEL $releasever - RPMforge.net - dag
- baseurl = http://apt.sw.be/redhat/el6/en/$basearch/rpmforge
- mirrorlist = http://apt.sw.be/redhat/el6/en/mirrors-rpmforge
- #mirrorlist = file:///etc/yum.repos.d/mirrors-rpmforge
- enabled = 1
- protect = 0
- gpgkey = file:///etc/pki/rpm-gpg/RPM-GPG-KEY-rpmforge-dag
- gpgcheck = 1
- priority=12
四、定義yum的非官方庫
在服務器構建的過程中,我們將要用到的一些工具不存在于CentOS中yum的官方庫中,所以需要定義yum的非官方庫文件,讓一些必需的工具通過yum也能夠安裝。
[root@sample ~]# vi /etc/yum.repos.d/dag.repo ← 建立dag.repo,定義非官方庫點擊(此處)折疊或打開
- [dag]
- name=Dag RPM Repository for Red Hat Enterprise Linux
- baseurl=http://apt.sw.be/redhat/el$releasever/en/$basearch/dag
- gpgcheck=1
- enabled=1
[root@sample ~]# rpm --import http://dag.wieers.com/rpm/packages/RPM-GPG-KEY.dag.txt ← 導入非官方庫的GPG