根據(jù)要求配置MySQL主從備份、讀寫分離,結(jié)合網(wǎng)上的文檔,對搭建的步驟和出現(xiàn)的問題以及解決的過程做了如下筆記;
      現(xiàn)在使用的兩臺服務(wù)器已經(jīng)安裝了MySQL,全是rpm包裝的,能正常使用。
      為了避免不必要的麻煩,主從服務(wù)器MySQL版本盡量保持一致;
環(huán)境:192.168.0.1 (Master)
          192.168.0.2 (Slave)
MySQL Version:Ver 14.14 Distrib 5.1.48, for pc-linux-gnu (i686) using readline 5.1
1、登錄Master服務(wù)器,修改my.cnf,添加如下內(nèi)容;
server-id = 1   //數(shù)據(jù)庫ID號, 為1時表示為Master,其中master_id必須為1到232–1之間的一個正整數(shù)值;
log-bin=mysql-bin   //啟用二進制日志;
binlog-do-db=data //需要同步的二進制數(shù)據(jù)庫名;
binlog-ignore-db=mysql   //不同步的二進制數(shù)據(jù)庫名;這個同步后聽說很麻煩,我沒有同步;
log-bin=/var/log/mysql/updatelog //設(shè)定生成的log文件名;
log-slave-updates //把更新的記錄寫到二進制文件中;
slave-skip-errors //跳過錯誤,繼續(xù)執(zhí)行復(fù)制;
2、建立復(fù)制所要使用的用戶;
mysql>grant replication slave on *.* to test@192.168.0.2 identified by '********'
3、重啟mysql;
/usr/bin/mysqladmin -uroot shutdown;
/usr/bin/mysql_safe &
4、現(xiàn)在備份Master上的數(shù)據(jù)
   鎖定后我直接tar.gz data這個庫文件;
mysql>FLUSH TABLES WITH READ LOCK;
cd /var/lib/mysql
tar data.tar.gz data
接著直接執(zhí)行了遠程scp;
scp ./data.tar.gz root@192.168.0.2:/var/lib/mysql
5、登錄Slave數(shù)據(jù)庫服務(wù)器,修改my.cnf;
server-id       = 3   //2已經(jīng)被用在另一個服務(wù)器上了,如果以后要再加Slave號接著往后數(shù)就OK了;
log-bin=mysql-bin
master-host     =   192.168.0.1
master-user     =   test
master-password =   ******
master-port     = 3306
master-connect-retry=60   //如果發(fā)現(xiàn)主服務(wù)器斷線,重新連接的時間差;
replicate-ignore-db=mysql //不需要備份的數(shù)據(jù)庫;
replicate-do-db=data //需要備份的數(shù)據(jù)庫
log-slave-update
slave-skip-errors
6、解壓剛才從Master scp過來的文件,此處不用改權(quán)限、屬主,默認沒有改變,可以根據(jù)實際情況進行修改;
7、上述完成后,可以啟動slave了;查看slave狀態(tài);
mysql>slave start;
mysql>show slave status\G;
*************************** 1. row ***************************
               Slave_IO_State: Waiting for master to send event
                  Master_Host: 192.168.0.1
                  Master_User: test
                  Master_Port: 3306
                Connect_Retry: 60
              Master_Log_File: updatelog.000001
          Read_Master_Log_Pos: 106
               Relay_Log_File: onlinevc-relay-bin.000013
                Relay_Log_Pos: 1069
        Relay_Master_Log_File: updatelog.000001
             Slave_IO_Running: Yes
            Slave_SQL_Running: Yes
              Replicate_Do_DB: data
          Replicate_Ignore_DB: mysql
           Replicate_Do_Table:
       Replicate_Ignore_Table:
      Replicate_Wild_Do_Table:
Replicate_Wild_Ignore_Table:
                   Last_Errno: 0
                   Last_Error:
                 Skip_Counter: 0
          Exec_Master_Log_Pos: 106
              Relay_Log_Space: 1681
              Until_Condition: None
               Until_Log_File:
                Until_Log_Pos: 0
           Master_SSL_Allowed: No
           Master_SSL_CA_File:
           Master_SSL_CA_Path:
              Master_SSL_Cert:
            Master_SSL_Cipher:
               Master_SSL_Key:
        Seconds_Behind_Master: 0
Master_SSL_Verify_Server_Cert: No
                Last_IO_Errno: 0
                Last_IO_Error:
               Last_SQL_Errno: 0
               Last_SQL_Error:
1 row in set (0.00 sec)

ERROR:
No query specified

8、查看Master上面的狀態(tài);
mysql> show master status;
+------------------+----------+--------------+------------------+
| File             | Position | Binlog_Do_DB | Binlog_Ignore_DB |
+------------------+----------+--------------+------------------+
| updatelog.000012 |    15016 | data         | mysql            |
+------------------+----------+--------------+------------------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)
由此可見兩者的File、Position存在問題,所要要去Slave上設(shè)置對應(yīng)主庫的Master_Log_File、Read_Master_Log_Pos;執(zhí)行如下語句;
mysql>slave stop;
mysql>CHANGE MASTER TO MASTER_HOST='192.168.0.1',MASTER_USER='test', MASTER_PASSWORD='******',MASTER_LOG_FILE='updatelog.000012',MASTER_LOG_POS=15016;
確保 Slave_IO_Running: Yes 、Slave_SQL_Running: Yes都要為YES才能證明Slave的I/O和SQL進行正常。
9、解鎖主庫表;
UNLOCK TABLES;
到此主從MySQL服務(wù)器配置完成,測試結(jié)果如下;
mysql> show master status;
+------------------+----------+--------------+------------------+
| File             | Position | Binlog_Do_DB | Binlog_Ignore_DB |
+------------------+----------+--------------+------------------+
| updatelog.000012 |   717039 | data | mysql            |
+------------------+----------+--------------+------------------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)
mysql> show slave status\G;
*************************** 1. row ***************************
               Slave_IO_State: Waiting for master to send event
                  Master_Host: 192.168.0.1
                  Master_User: test
                  Master_Port: 3306
                Connect_Retry: 60
              Master_Log_File: updatelog.000012
          Read_Master_Log_Pos: 717039
               Relay_Log_File: onlinevc-relay-bin.000013
                Relay_Log_Pos: 1222
        Relay_Master_Log_File: updatelog.000012
             Slave_IO_Running: Yes
            Slave_SQL_Running: Yes
              Replicate_Do_DB: data
          Replicate_Ignore_DB: mysql
           Replicate_Do_Table:
       Replicate_Ignore_Table:
      Replicate_Wild_Do_Table:
Replicate_Wild_Ignore_Table:
                   Last_Errno: 0
                   Last_Error:
                 Skip_Counter: 0
          Exec_Master_Log_Pos: 717039
              Relay_Log_Space: 1834
              Until_Condition: None
               Until_Log_File:
                Until_Log_Pos: 0
           Master_SSL_Allowed: No
           Master_SSL_CA_File:
           Master_SSL_CA_Path:
              Master_SSL_Cert:
            Master_SSL_Cipher:
               Master_SSL_Key:
        Seconds_Behind_Master: 0
Master_SSL_Verify_Server_Cert: No
                Last_IO_Errno: 0
                Last_IO_Error:
               Last_SQL_Errno: 0
               Last_SQL_Error:
1 row in set (0.00 sec)

ERROR:
No query specified
####################################   如下是MySQL數(shù)據(jù)庫讀寫分離操作步驟 ##########################################
此處使用MySQL自己(Mysql-proxy)的代理實現(xiàn)數(shù)據(jù)庫的讀寫分離;
所需要安裝包如下;
1、check-0.9.8
2、glib-2.18.4
3、libevent-2.0.6-rc
4、lua-5.1.4
      wget http://www.lua.org/ftp/lua-5.1.4.tar.gz
5、pkg-config-0.23
6、mysql-5.0.56
7、mysql-proxy-0.8.0
      http://mysql.cdpa.nsysu.edu.tw/Downloads/MySQL-Proxy/mysql-proxy-0.8.0.tar.gz

別的安裝包地址當(dāng)時沒有記下載地址,不過大部分都在這個網(wǎng)站上找的;http://sourceforge.net/
&&&&&&&&&& 安裝開始 &&&&&&&&
1、tar -zxvf check-0.8.4.tar.gz
    cd check-0.8.4
    ./configure
    make
    make install
2、tar -zxvf glib-2.18.4.tar.gz   //系統(tǒng)rpm包可能版本低出現(xiàn)了問題3;
    ./configure
    make
    make install
3、tar -zxvf libevent-2.0.6-rc.tar.gz
    cd libevent-2.0.6-rc
    ./configure --prefix=/usr/local/libevent
     make && make install
4、tar -zxvf lua-5.1.4.tar.gz
    INSTALL_TOP= /usr/local/lua    //    為了把lua安裝到/var/lib/lua下,故要修改其下的Makefile;
或者直接執(zhí)行:sed -i 's#INSTALL_TOP= /usr/local#INSTALL_TOP= /usr/local/lua#' Makefile
root@testmysql [/software/lua-5.1.4]# make
Please do
   make PLATFORM
where PLATFORM is one of these:
   aix ansi bsd freebsd generic linux macosx mingw posix solaris
See INSTALL for complete instructions.
這處是要你選擇服務(wù)器所使用的平臺;
執(zhí)行:make linux //此處執(zhí)行后出現(xiàn)了錯誤,解決辦法在下面問題解決區(qū)1處,此處先跳過;
再執(zhí)行:make install
設(shè)置環(huán)境變量:
    export LUA_CFLAGS="-I/usr/local/lua/include" LUA_LIBS="-L/usr/local/lua/lib -llua -ldl" LDFLAGS="-L/usr/local/libevent/lib -lm"
    export CPPFLAGS="-I/usr/local/libevent/include"
    export CFLAGS="-I/usr/local/libevent/include"

5、tar -zxvf pkg-config-0.23.tar.gz
    cd pkg-config-0.23
    ./configure
    make
    make install
安裝完之后要執(zhí)行:cp etc/lua.pc /usr/local/lib/pkgconfig/lua5.1.pc      //原因見下面的問題解決區(qū)2處;
6、安裝MySQL客戶端;
因為此服務(wù)器系統(tǒng)是默認安裝了MySQL,沒有安裝客戶端,我又裝了client、devel如下所示已安裝的rpm包;
   root@testmysql [/software/lua-5.1.4]# rpm -qa | grep MySQL
MySQL-client-5.1.48-0.glibc23
MySQL-bench-5.0.91-0.glibc23
MySQL-test-5.1.48-0.glibc23
MySQL-shared-5.1.48-0.glibc23
MySQL-server-5.1.48-0.glibc23
MySQL-devel-5.1.48-0.glibc23
此后的Mysql-proxy時總是一直報錯,編譯不過去,無奈之下用源碼包客戶端;(此時的rpm包都沒有卸載,直接執(zhí)行了下面的安裝)//此處問題見問題解決區(qū)4處;
    tar zxvf mysql-5.0.56.tar.gz     //此處我直接使用了mysql的5.0.56的源碼包;
    cd mysql-5.0.56
    ./configure --prefix=/usr/local/mysql --without-server
    make && make install

7、tar xvf mysql-proxy-0.8.0.tar.gz
    cd mysql-proxy-0.8.0
    ./configure --prefix=/usr/local/mysql-proxy --with-mysql=/usr/local/mysql --with-lua    //問題解決處4有介紹;
    Make && Make install

8、在/var/lib/bin創(chuàng)建mysql-proxy.sh,內(nèi)容如下;
     #!/bin/bash
     LUA_PATH="/usr/local/mysql-proxy/lib/mysql-proxy/lua/?.lua" /usr/local/mysql-proxy/bin/mysql-proxy --proxy-backend-addresses=192.168.0.1:3306 --proxy-read-only-backend-addresses=192.168.0.2:3306 --proxy-lua-script=/usr/local/mysql-proxy/lib/mysql-proxy/rw-splitting.lua >> /var/log/mysql-proxy.log &
     然后加上可執(zhí)行權(quán)限;
     chmod a+x /var/lib/bin/mysql-proxy.sh
     執(zhí)行:/var/lib/bin/mysql-proxy.sh 啟動服務(wù);
9、驗證是否開戶了:4040、4041;
    root@testmysql [/usr/local/bin]# netstat -an | grep 404*
    tcp        0      0 0.0.0.0:4040                0.0.0.0:*                   LISTEN     
    tcp        0      0 0.0.0.0:4041                0.0.0.0:*                   LISTEN  
10、測試讀寫分離,此步略過,所有配置已經(jīng)完成。

&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&   問題解決區(qū)   &&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&
1、在安裝的第四步執(zhí)行make linux時報錯如下:
root@testmysql [/software/lua-5.1.4]# make linux
cd src && make linux
make[1]: Entering directory `/software/lua-5.1.4/src'
make all MYCFLAGS=-DLUA_USE_LINUX MYLIBS="-Wl,-E -ldl -lreadline -lhistory -lncurses"
make[2]: Entering directory `/software/lua-5.1.4/src'
gcc -O2 -Wall -DLUA_USE_LINUX   -c -o lapi.o lapi.c
gcc -O2 -Wall -DLUA_USE_LINUX   -c -o lcode.o lcode.c
gcc -O2 -Wall -DLUA_USE_LINUX   -c -o ldebug.o ldebug.c
gcc -O2 -Wall -DLUA_USE_LINUX   -c -o ldo.o ldo.c
gcc -O2 -Wall -DLUA_USE_LINUX   -c -o ldump.o ldump.c
gcc -O2 -Wall -DLUA_USE_LINUX   -c -o lfunc.o lfunc.c
gcc -O2 -Wall -DLUA_USE_LINUX   -c -o lgc.o lgc.c
gcc -O2 -Wall -DLUA_USE_LINUX   -c -o llex.o llex.c
gcc -O2 -Wall -DLUA_USE_LINUX   -c -o lmem.o lmem.c
gcc -O2 -Wall -DLUA_USE_LINUX   -c -o lobject.o lobject.c
gcc -O2 -Wall -DLUA_USE_LINUX   -c -o lopcodes.o lopcodes.c
gcc -O2 -Wall -DLUA_USE_LINUX   -c -o lparser.o lparser.c
gcc -O2 -Wall -DLUA_USE_LINUX   -c -o lstate.o lstate.c
gcc -O2 -Wall -DLUA_USE_LINUX   -c -o lstring.o lstring.c
gcc -O2 -Wall -DLUA_USE_LINUX   -c -o ltable.o ltable.c
gcc -O2 -Wall -DLUA_USE_LINUX   -c -o ltm.o ltm.c
gcc -O2 -Wall -DLUA_USE_LINUX   -c -o lundump.o lundump.c
gcc -O2 -Wall -DLUA_USE_LINUX   -c -o lvm.o lvm.c
gcc -O2 -Wall -DLUA_USE_LINUX   -c -o lzio.o lzio.c
gcc -O2 -Wall -DLUA_USE_LINUX   -c -o lauxlib.o lauxlib.c
gcc -O2 -Wall -DLUA_USE_LINUX   -c -o lbaselib.o lbaselib.c
gcc -O2 -Wall -DLUA_USE_LINUX   -c -o ldblib.o ldblib.c
gcc -O2 -Wall -DLUA_USE_LINUX   -c -o liolib.o liolib.c
gcc -O2 -Wall -DLUA_USE_LINUX   -c -o lmathlib.o lmathlib.c
gcc -O2 -Wall -DLUA_USE_LINUX   -c -o loslib.o loslib.c
gcc -O2 -Wall -DLUA_USE_LINUX   -c -o ltablib.o ltablib.c
gcc -O2 -Wall -DLUA_USE_LINUX   -c -o lstrlib.o lstrlib.c
gcc -O2 -Wall -DLUA_USE_LINUX   -c -o loadlib.o loadlib.c
gcc -O2 -Wall -DLUA_USE_LINUX   -c -o linit.o linit.c
ar rcu liblua.a lapi.o lcode.o ldebug.o ldo.o ldump.o lfunc.o lgc.o llex.o lmem.o lobject.o lopcodes.o lparser.o lstate.o lstring.o ltable.o ltm.o lundump.o lvm.o lzio.o lauxlib.o lbaselib.o ldblib.o liolib.o lmathlib.o loslib.o ltablib.o lstrlib.o loadlib.o linit.o
ranlib liblua.a
gcc -O2 -Wall -DLUA_USE_LINUX   -c -o lua.o lua.c
In file included from lua.h:16,
                 from lua.c:15:
luaconf.h:275:31: error: readline/readline.h: No such file or directory
luaconf.h:276:30: error: readline/history.h: No such file or directory
lua.c: In function 鈥榩ushline鈥?
lua.c:182: warning: implicit declaration of function 鈥榬eadline鈥?
                                                                    lua.c:182: warning: assignment makes pointer from integer without a cast
lua.c: In function 鈥榣oadline鈥?
lua.c:210: warning: implicit declaration of function 鈥榓dd_history鈥?
                                                                       make[2]: *** [lua.o] Error 1
make[2]: Leaving directory `/software/lua-5.1.4/src'
make[1]: *** [linux] Error 2
make[1]: Leaving directory `/software/lua-5.1.4/src'
make: *** [linux] Error 2

解決方法:yum install libtermcap-devel
          yum install ncurses-devel                                 
          yum install libevent-devel                                   
          yum install readline-devel
  
2、安裝MySQL-proxy時報錯:
checking for LUA... configure: error: Package requirements (lua5.1 >= 5.1) were not met:

No package 'lua5.1' found

Consider adjusting the PKG_CONFIG_PATH environment variable if you
installed software in a non-standard prefix.

Alternatively, you may set the environment variables LUA_CFLAGS
and LUA_LIBS to avoid the need to call pkg-config.
See the pkg-config man page for more details.
解決辦法:
cp etc/lua.pc /usr/local/lib/pkgconfig/lua5.1.pc

3、安裝MySQL-proxy時報錯:
checking for GLIB... configure: error: Package requirements (glib-2.0 >= 2.16.0) were not met:

No package 'glib-2.0' found

Consider adjusting the PKG_CONFIG_PATH environment variable if you
installed software in a non-standard prefix.

Alternatively, you may set the environment variables GLIB_CFLAGS
and GLIB_LIBS to avoid the need to call pkg-config.
See the pkg-config man page for more details.
解決辦法:
   1、查看系統(tǒng)已經(jīng)安裝glib的rpm包;
    glibc-2.5-49.el5_5.4
    glibc-headers-2.5-49.el5_5.4
    glib2-2.12.3-4.el5_3.1
    glibc-common-2.5-49.el5_5.4
    glibc-devel-2.5-49.el5_5.4
   2、下載安裝glib-2.18.4.tar.gz

4、剛開始使用系統(tǒng)里rpm所指定的mysq_config時,mysql-proxy安裝報錯,信息如下;
    configure: error: mysql_config not exists or not executable, use $ ./configure --with-mysql=/path/to/mysql_config
    看到幫助安裝文檔里要求如下:
    --with-mysql[=PATH]     Include MySQL support. PATH is the path to 'mysql_config'。
解決辦法就是:安裝包中的第6步。

http://hi.baidu.com/adriannet/blog/item/e06d2d58ea8d798f810a1854.html