1、首先設(shè)置EhCache,建立配置文件ehcache.xml,默認(rèn)的位置在class-path,可以放到你的src目錄下:
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<ehcache>
<diskStore path="java.io.tmpdir"/>
<defaultCache
maxElementsInMemory="10000"<!-- 緩存最大數(shù)目 -->
eternal="false"<!-- 緩存是否持久 -->
overflowToDisk="true"<!-- 是否保存到磁盤,當(dāng)系統(tǒng)當(dāng)機(jī)時(shí)-->
timeToIdleSeconds="300"<!-- 當(dāng)緩存閑置n秒后銷毀 -->
timeToLiveSeconds="180"<!-- 當(dāng)緩存存活n秒后銷毀-->
diskPersistent="false"
diskExpiryThreadIntervalSeconds= "120"/>
</ehcache>
2、在Hibernate配置文件中設(shè)置:
<!-- 設(shè)置Hibernate的緩存接口類,這個(gè)類在Hibernate包中 -->
<property name="cache.provider_class">org.hibernate.cache.EhCacheProvider</property>
<!-- 是否使用查詢緩存 -->
<property name="hibernate.cache.use_query_cache">true</property>
如果使用spring調(diào)用Hibernate的sessionFactory的話,這樣設(shè)置:
<!--HibernateSession工廠管理 -->
<bean id="sessionFactory" class="org.springframework.orm.hibernate3.LocalSessionFactoryBean">
<property name="dataSource">
<ref bean="datasource" />
</property>
<property name="hibernateProperties">
<props>
<prop key="hibernate.dialect">org.hibernate.dialect.Oracle9Dialect</prop>
<prop key="connection.provider_class">org.hibernate.connection.C3P0ConnectionProvider</prop>
<prop key="hibernate.show_sql">true</prop>
<prop key="hibernate.cache.use_query_cache">true</prop>
<prop key="hibernate.cache.provider_class">org.hibernate.cache.EhCacheProvider</prop>
</props>
</property>
<property name="mappingDirectoryLocations">
<list>
<value>/WEB-INF/classes/cn/rmic/manager/hibernate/</value>
</list>
</property>
</bean>
說明一下:如果不設(shè)置“查詢緩存”,那么hibernate只會(huì)緩存使用load()方法獲得的單個(gè)持久化對(duì)象,如果想緩存使用findall()、 list()、Iterator()、createCriteria()、createQuery()等方法獲得的數(shù)據(jù)結(jié)果集的話,就需要設(shè)置 hibernate.cache.use_query_cache true 才行
3、在Hbm文件中添加<cache usage="read-only"/>
4、如果需要“查詢緩存”,還需要在使用Query或Criteria()時(shí)設(shè)置其setCacheable(true);屬性
5、實(shí)踐出真知,給一段測(cè)試程序,如果成功的話第二次查詢時(shí)不會(huì)讀取數(shù)據(jù)庫
package cn.rmic.hibernatesample;
import java.util.List;
import org.hibernate.CacheMode;
import org.hibernate.Criteria;
import org.hibernate.Query;
import org.hibernate.Session;
import cn.rmic.hibernatesample.hibernate.HibernateSessionFactory;
import cn.rmic.manager.po.Resources;
public class testCacheSelectList ...{
public static void main(String[] args) ...{
Session s=HibernateSessionFactory.getSession();
Criteria c=s.createCriteria(Resources.class);
c.setCacheable(true);
List l=c.list();
Resources resources=(Resources)l.get(0);
System.out.println("-1-"+resources.getName());
HibernateSessionFactory.closeSession();
try ...{
Thread.sleep(5000);
} catch (InterruptedException e) ...{
// TODO Auto-generated catch block
e.printStackTrace();
}
s=HibernateSessionFactory.getSession();
c=s.createCriteria(Resources.class);
c.setCacheable(true);
l=c.list();
resources=(Resources)l.get(0);
System.out.println("-2-"+resources.getName());
HibernateSessionFactory.closeSession();
}
}
1. 在Hibernate配置文件中設(shè)置:
<!-- Hibernate SessionFactory -->
< bean id = " sessionFactory " class = " org.springframework.orm.hibernate3.LocalSessionFactoryBean " >
< property name = " dataSource " ref = " dataSource " />
< property name = " mappingResources " >
< list >
< value > com / ouou / model / Videos.hbm.xml </ value >
</ list >
</ property >
< property name = " hibernateProperties " >
< props >
< prop key = " hibernate.dialect " > org.hibernate.dialect.MySQLDialect </ prop >
< prop key = " hibernate.current_session_context_class " > thread </ prop >
< prop key = " hibernate.cglib.use_reflection_optimizer " > false </ prop >
< prop key = " hibernate.query.substitutions " > true ' Y ' , false ' N ' </ prop >
<!-- add ehcache -->
< prop key = " hibernate.cache.provider_class " > org.hibernate.cache.EhCacheProvider </ prop >
< prop key = " hibernate.cache.use_query_cache " > false </ prop ><!-- 是否使用查詢緩存 -->
<!--
< prop key = " hibernate.cache.provider_configuration_file_resource_path " >/ ehcache.xml </ prop >
< prop key = " hibernate.show_sql " > true </ prop >
-->
<!--< prop key = " hibernate.transaction.auto_close_session " > true </ prop >-->
< prop key = " connection.provider_class " > org.hibernate.connection.C3P0ConnectionProvider </ prop >
<!-- Create / update the database tables automatically when the JVM starts up
< prop key = " hibernate.hbm2ddl.auto " > update </ prop > -->
<!-- Turn batching off for better error messages under PostgreSQL -->
< prop key = " hibernate.jdbc.batch_size " > 25 </ prop >
<!--
< prop key = " hibernate.connection.pool_size " > 10 </ prop >
-->
</ props >
</ property >
</ bean >
如果不設(shè)置“查詢緩存”,那么hibernate只會(huì)緩存使用load()方法獲得的單個(gè)持久化對(duì)象,如果想緩存使用findall()、 list()、Iterator()、createCriteria()、createQuery()等方法獲得的數(shù)據(jù)結(jié)果集的話,就需要設(shè)置 hibernate.cache.use_query_cache true 才行
2.首先設(shè)置EhCache,建立配置文件ehcache.xml,默認(rèn)的位置在class-path,可以放到你的src目錄下:
< ehcache >
<!-- Sets the path to the directory where cache .data files are created.

If the path is a Java System Property it is replaced by
its value in the running VM.
The following properties are translated:
user.home - User ' s home directory
user.dir - User ' s current working directory
java.io.tmpdir - Default temp file path -->
<!--< diskStore path = " java.io.tmpdir " />-->
< diskStore path = " /data/ehcache " />
<!-- Default Cache configuration. These will applied to caches programmatically created through
the CacheManager.

The following attributes are required:

maxElementsInMemory - Sets the maximum number of objects that will be created in memory
eternal - Sets whether elements are eternal. If eternal, timeouts are
ignored and the element is never expired.
overflowToDisk - Sets whether elements can overflow to disk when the in - memory cache
has reached the maxInMemory limit.

The following attributes are optional:
timeToIdleSeconds - Sets the time to idle for an element before it expires.
i.e. The maximum amount of time between accesses before an
element expires Is only used if the element is not eternal.
Optional attribute. A value of 0 means that an Element can idle
for infinity.The default value is 0 .
timeToLiveSeconds - Sets the time to live for an element before it expires.
i.e. The maximum time between creation time and when an element
expires. Is only used if the element is not eternal.
Optional attribute. A value of 0 means that and Element can live
for infinity.
The default value is 0 .
diskPersistent - Whether the disk store persists between restarts of the Virtual
Machine.
The default value is false .
diskExpiryThreadIntervalSeconds - The number of seconds between runs of the disk expiry thread.
The default value is 120 seconds.
-->
< defaultCache
maxElementsInMemory = " 10000 "
eternal = " false "
overflowToDisk = " true "
timeToIdleSeconds = " 120 "
timeToLiveSeconds = " 120 "
diskPersistent = " false "
diskExpiryThreadIntervalSeconds = " 120 " />
< cache name = " org.hibernate.cache.UpdateTimestampsCache " maxElementsInMemory = " 5000 "
eternal = " true " overflowToDisk = " true " />
< cache name = " org.hibernate.cache.StandardQueryCache " maxElementsInMemory = " 5 " eternal = " false "
timeToLiveSeconds = " 120 " overflowToDisk = " true " />
< cache name = " userCache " maxElementsInMemory = " 100000 " eternal = " false " timeToIdleSeconds =
" 600 " timeToLiveSeconds = " 600 " overflowToDisk = " false " diskPersistent = " false " />
< cache name = " com.ouou.webapp.util.OuouMethodIntecepter " maxElementsInMemory = " 100000 "
eternal = " false " timeToIdleSeconds = " 600 " timeToLiveSeconds = " 600 " overflowToDisk = " false "
diskPersistent = " false " />
< cache name = " bbcode " maxElementsInMemory = " 100000 " eternal = " false " timeToIdleSeconds = " 600 "
timeToLiveSeconds = " 600 "
overflowToDisk = " false " diskPersistent = " false " />
< cache name = " com.ouou.model.Videos " maxElementsInMemory = " 10000 " eternal = " false "
overflowToDisk = " false " timeToIdleSeconds = " 120 " timeToLiveSeconds = " 120 " diskPersistent = " false " />
< cache name = " com.ouou.model.Tags " maxElementsInMemory = " 10000 " eternal = " false "
overflowToDisk = " false " timeToIdleSeconds = " 120 " timeToLiveSeconds = " 120 " diskPersistent = " false " />
</ ehcache >
以com.ouou.model.Videos為例子
在Videos.hbm.xml中配置:
<class name="Videos" table="TEST" lazy="false">
<cache usage="read-write" region="ehcache.xml中的name的屬性值"/>注意:這一句需要緊跟在class標(biāo)簽下面,其他位置無效。
hbm文件查找cache方法名的策略:如果不指定hbm文件中的region="ehcache.xml中的name的屬性值",則使用name名為com.ouou.model.Videos的cache,
如果不存在與類名匹配的cache名稱,則用defaultCache。
如果Videos包含set集合,則需要另行指定其cache
例如Videos包含Tags集合,則需要
添加如下配置到ehcache.xml中
<cache name="com.ouou.model.Tags"
maxElementsInMemory="10000" eternal="false" timeToIdleSeconds="120"
timeToLiveSeconds="120" overflowToDisk="false" />
另,針對(duì)查詢緩存的配置如下:
<cache name="org.hibernate.cache.UpdateTimestampsCache"
maxElementsInMemory="5000"
eternal="true"
overflowToDisk="true"/>
<cache name="org.hibernate.cache.StandardQueryCache"
maxElementsInMemory="10000"
eternal="false"
timeToLiveSeconds="120"
overflowToDisk="true"/>
3、 選擇緩存策略依據(jù):
<cache usage="transactional|read-write|nonstrict-read-write|read-only" (1)/>
ehcache不支持transactional,其他三種可以支持。
read-only:無需修改, 那么就可以對(duì)其進(jìn)行只讀 緩存,注意,在此策略下,如果直接修改數(shù)據(jù)庫,即使能夠看到前臺(tái)顯示效果,
但是將對(duì)象修改至cache中會(huì)報(bào)error,cache不會(huì)發(fā)生作用。另:刪除記錄會(huì)報(bào)錯(cuò),因?yàn)椴荒茉趓ead-only模式的對(duì)象從cache中刪除。
read-write:需要更新數(shù)據(jù),那么使用讀/寫緩存 比較合適,前提:數(shù)據(jù)庫不可以為serializable transaction isolation level
(序列化事務(wù)隔離級(jí)別)
nonstrict-read-write:只偶爾需要更新數(shù)據(jù)(也就是說,兩個(gè)事務(wù)同時(shí)更新同一記錄的情況很不常見),也不需要十分嚴(yán)格的事務(wù)隔離,
那么比較適合使用非嚴(yán)格讀/寫緩存策略。
4、 調(diào)試時(shí)候使用log4j的log4j.logger.org.hibernate.cache=debug,更方便看到ehcache的操作過程,主要用于調(diào)試過程,實(shí)際應(yīng)用發(fā)布時(shí)候,請(qǐng)注釋掉,以免影響性能。
5、 使用ehcache,打印sql語句是正常的,因?yàn)閝uery cache設(shè)置為true將會(huì)創(chuàng)建兩個(gè)緩存區(qū)域:一個(gè)用于保存查詢結(jié)果集 (
org.hibernate.cache.StandardQueryCache);另一個(gè)則用于保存最近查詢的一系列表的時(shí)間戳(org.hibernate.cache.UpdateTimestampsCache)。
請(qǐng)注意:在查詢緩存中,它并不緩存結(jié)果集中所包含的實(shí)體的確切狀態(tài);它只緩存這些實(shí)體的標(biāo)識(shí)符屬性的值、以及各值類型的結(jié)果。
需要將打印sql語句與最近的cache內(nèi)容相比較,將不同之處修改到cache中,所以查詢緩存通常會(huì)和二級(jí)緩存一起使用。
Ehcache的配置說明
<ehcache>
<!--
磁盤存儲(chǔ)配置:
用來指定緩存在磁盤上的存儲(chǔ)位置。可以使用JavaVM環(huán)境變量(user.home, user.dir, java.io.tmpdir)
-->
<diskStore path = "/var/apps/cache/" />
<!--
指定CacheManagerEventListenerFactory,這個(gè)對(duì)象在緩存添加的時(shí)候會(huì)得到相應(yīng)的通知
CacheManagerEventListenerFactory的屬性
*class - CacheManagerEventListenerFactory的一個(gè)實(shí)現(xiàn)類
*properties - CacheManagerEventListenerFactory的屬性值,以逗號(hào)(,)分割多個(gè)屬性
如果沒有實(shí)現(xiàn)類被指定,則系統(tǒng)不創(chuàng)建CacheManager的監(jiān)聽器,沒有默認(rèn)值
-->
<cacheManagerEventListenerFactory class="" properties="" />
<!--
在進(jìn)行分布式緩存的應(yīng)用時(shí)候需要指定CacheManagerPeerProviderFactory,
用來生成CacheManagerPeerProvider的實(shí)例,以便和集群中的其他CacheManager通信。
*class -CacheManagerPeerProviderFactory的一個(gè)實(shí)現(xiàn)類
*properties - CacheManagerPeerProviderFactory的屬性值,以逗號(hào)(,)分割多個(gè)屬性
Ehcache內(nèi)建了2種基于RMI分布系統(tǒng)的通信策略:
*automatic - 使用多播組。在一個(gè)節(jié)點(diǎn)加入或者推出集群的時(shí)候自動(dòng)感應(yīng)
*manual - 硬編碼方式
目前的awf中不考慮分布緩存
-->
<cacheManagerPeerListenerFactory class="" properties="" />
<!--
緩存配置。
以下屬性是必須的:
name - cache的標(biāo)識(shí)符,在一個(gè)CacheManager中必須唯一
maxElementsInMemory - 在內(nèi)存中緩存的element的最大數(shù)目
maxElementsOnDisk - 在磁盤上緩存的element的最大數(shù)目
eternal - 設(shè)定緩存的elements是否有有效期。如果為true,timeouts屬性被忽略
overflowToDisk - 設(shè)定當(dāng)內(nèi)存緩存溢出的時(shí)候是否將過期的element緩存到磁盤上
以下屬性是可選的:
timeToIdleSeconds - 緩存element在過期前的空閑時(shí)間。默認(rèn)為0,表示可空閑無限時(shí)間.
(如果指定了這個(gè)時(shí)間,是否在被hit的前超過了這個(gè)時(shí)間就會(huì)被remove?在內(nèi)存緩存數(shù)目超限之前不會(huì)被remove)
timeToLiveSeconds - 緩存element的有效生命期。這個(gè)類似于timeouts,默認(rèn)為0,不過期
(是否通常情況下應(yīng)該大于等于timeToIdleSeconds,小于會(huì)如何?idle時(shí)間也會(huì)減小和這個(gè)數(shù)值一樣)
diskPersistent - 在VM重啟的時(shí)候是否持久化磁盤緩存,默認(rèn)是false。
(測(cè)試一下true的情況?重載vm的時(shí)候會(huì)從磁盤進(jìn)行序列化到對(duì)象)
diskExpiryThreadIntervalSeconds - 磁盤緩存的清理線程運(yùn)行間隔,默認(rèn)是120秒.
(測(cè)試一下0的時(shí)候會(huì)如何)
memoryStoreEvictionPolicy - 當(dāng)內(nèi)存緩存達(dá)到最大,有新的element加入的時(shí)候,
移除緩存中element的策略。默認(rèn)是LRU,可選的有LFU和FIFO
可對(duì)緩存中的element配置諸如監(jiān)聽器和加載器。Ehcahe內(nèi)建了一些
*cacheEventListenerFactory - 監(jiān)聽緩存中element的put, remove, update和expire事件
*bootstrapCacheLoaderFactory - 啟動(dòng)時(shí)加載緩存的element
每個(gè)用來做分布式緩存都必須設(shè)定element的事件監(jiān)聽器,用來在各個(gè)CacheManager節(jié)點(diǎn)復(fù)制消息。
Ehcache內(nèi)建了基于RMI的實(shí)現(xiàn) - RMICacheReplicatorFactory
<cacheEventListenerFactory class="net.sf.ehcache.distribution.RMICacheReplicatorFactory"
properties="replicateAsynchronouly=true,
replicatePuts=true,
replicateUpdates=true,
replicateUpdateViaCopy=true,
replicateRemovals=true" />
-->
<cache .... />
<!--
默認(rèn)的Cache配置。用來實(shí)現(xiàn)CacheManager.add(String cacheName)創(chuàng)建的緩存
-->
<defaultCache maxElementsInMemory="10000" eternal="false"
timeToIdleSeconds="120" timeToLiveSeconds="120"
overflowToDisk="true" maxElementsOnDisk="1000000"
diskPersistent="false" diskExpiryThreadIntervalSeconds="120"
memoryStoreEvictionPolicy="LRU"
/>
</ehcache>