自：
http://www.matrix.org.cn/resource/article/43/43837_JDBC.htmlJava 的JDBC 數(shù)據(jù)庫連接池實(shí)現(xiàn)方法
關(guān)鍵字: Java, JDBC, Connection Pool, Database, 數(shù)據(jù)庫連接池, sourcecode
??雖然 J2EE 程序員一般都有現(xiàn)成的應(yīng)用服務(wù)器所帶的JDBC 數(shù)據(jù)庫連接池，不過對(duì)于開發(fā)一般的 Java Application 、 Applet 或者 JSP、velocity 時(shí)，我們可用的JDBC 數(shù)據(jù)庫連接池并不多，并且一般性能都不好。 Java 程序員都很羨慕 Windows ADO ，只需要 new Connection 就可以直接從數(shù)據(jù)庫連接池中返回 Connection。并且 ADO Connection 是線程安全的，多個(gè)線程可以共用一個(gè) Connection， 所以 ASP 程序一般都把 getConnection 放在 Global.asa 文件中，在 IIS 啟動(dòng)時(shí)建立數(shù)據(jù)庫連接。ADO 的 Connection 和 Result 都有很好的緩沖，并且很容易使用。
其實(shí)我們可以自己寫一個(gè)JDBC 數(shù)據(jù)庫連接池。寫 JDBC connection pool 的注意事項(xiàng)有：
1. 有一個(gè)簡單的函數(shù)從連接池中得到一個(gè) Connection。
2. close 函數(shù)必須將 connection 放回 數(shù)據(jù)庫連接池。
3. 當(dāng)數(shù)據(jù)庫連接池中沒有空閑的 connection， 數(shù)據(jù)庫連接池必須能夠自動(dòng)增加 connection 個(gè)數(shù)。
4. 當(dāng)數(shù)據(jù)庫連接池中的 connection 個(gè)數(shù)在某一個(gè)特別的時(shí)間變得很大，但是以后很長時(shí)間只用其中一小部分，應(yīng)該可以自動(dòng)將多余的 connection 關(guān)閉掉。
5. 如果可能，應(yīng)該提供debug 信息報(bào)告沒有關(guān)閉的 new Connection 。
如果要 new Connection 就可以直接從數(shù)據(jù)庫連接池中返回 Connection， 可以這樣寫( Mediator pattern ) (以下代碼中使用了中文全角空格)：
public class EasyConnection implements java.sql.Connection{
private Connection m_delegate = null;
public EasyConnection(){
m_delegate = getConnectionFromPool();
}
public void close(){
putConnectionBackToPool(m_delegate);
}
public PreparedStatement prepareStatement(String sql) throws SQLException{
m_delegate.prepareStatement(sql);
}
//...... other method
}看來并不難。不過不建議這種寫法，因?yàn)閼?yīng)該盡量避免使用 Java Interface, 關(guān)于 Java Interface 的缺點(diǎn)我另外再寫文章討論。大家關(guān)注的是 Connection Pool 的實(shí)現(xiàn)方法。下面給出一種實(shí)現(xiàn)方法。
import java.sql.*;
import java.lang.reflect.*;
import java.util.*;
import java.io.*;
public class SimpleConnetionPool {
private static LinkedList m_notUsedConnection = new LinkedList();
private static HashSet m_usedUsedConnection = new HashSet();
private static String m_url = "";
private static String m_user = "";
private static String m_password = "";
static final boolean DEBUG = true;
static private long m_lastClearClosedConnection = System.currentTimeMillis();
public static long CHECK_CLOSED_CONNECTION_TIME = 4 * 60 * 60 * 1000; //4 hours
static {
initDriver();
}
private SimpleConnetionPool() {
}
private static void initDriver() {
Driver driver = null;
//load mysql driver
try {
driver = (Driver) Class.forName("com.mysql.jdbc.Driver").newInstance();
installDriver(driver);
} catch (Exception e) {
}
//load postgresql driver
try {
driver = (Driver) Class.forName("org.postgresql.Driver").newInstance();
installDriver(driver);
} catch (Exception e) {
}
}
public static void installDriver(Driver driver) {
try {
DriverManager.registerDriver(driver);
} catch (Exception e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
public static synchronized Connection getConnection() {
clearClosedConnection();
while (m_notUsedConnection.size() > 0) {
try {
ConnectionWrapper wrapper = (ConnectionWrapper) m_notUsedConnection.removeFirst();
if (wrapper.connection.isClosed()) {
continue;
}
m_usedUsedConnection.add(wrapper);
if (DEBUG) {
wrapper.debugInfo = new Throwable("Connection initial statement");
}
return wrapper.connection;
} catch (Exception e) {
}
}
int newCount = getIncreasingConnectionCount();
LinkedList list = new LinkedList();
ConnectionWrapper wrapper = null;
for (int i = 0; i < newCount; i++) {
wrapper = getNewConnection();
if (wrapper != null) {
list.add(wrapper);
}
}
if (list.size() == 0) {
return null;
}
wrapper = (ConnectionWrapper) list.removeFirst();
m_usedUsedConnection.add(wrapper);
m_notUsedConnection.addAll(list);
list.clear();
return wrapper.connection;
}
private static ConnectionWrapper getNewConnection() {
try {
Connection con = DriverManager.getConnection(m_url, m_user, m_password);
ConnectionWrapper wrapper = new ConnectionWrapper(con);
return wrapper;
} catch (Exception e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
return null;
}
static synchronized void pushConnectionBackToPool(ConnectionWrapper con) {
boolean exist = m_usedUsedConnection.remove(con);
if (exist) {
m_notUsedConnection.addLast(con);
}
}
public static int close() {
int count = 0;
Iterator iterator = m_notUsedConnection.iterator();
while (iterator.hasNext()) {
try {
( (ConnectionWrapper) iterator.next()).close();
count++;
} catch (Exception e) {
}
}
m_notUsedConnection.clear();
iterator = m_usedUsedConnection.iterator();
while (iterator.hasNext()) {
try {
ConnectionWrapper wrapper = (ConnectionWrapper) iterator.next();
wrapper.close();
if (DEBUG) {
wrapper.debugInfo.printStackTrace();
}
count++;
} catch (Exception e) {
}
}
m_usedUsedConnection.clear();
return count;
}
private static void clearClosedConnection() {
long time = System.currentTimeMillis();
//sometimes user change system time,just return
if (time < m_lastClearClosedConnection) {
time = m_lastClearClosedConnection;
return;
}
//no need check very often
if (time - m_lastClearClosedConnection < CHECK_CLOSED_CONNECTION_TIME) {
return;
}
m_lastClearClosedConnection = time;
//begin check
Iterator iterator = m_notUsedConnection.iterator();
while (iterator.hasNext()) {
ConnectionWrapper wrapper = (ConnectionWrapper) iterator.next();
try {
if (wrapper.connection.isClosed()) {
iterator.remove();
}
} catch (Exception e) {
iterator.remove();
if (DEBUG) {
System.out.println("connection is closed, this connection initial StackTrace");
wrapper.debugInfo.printStackTrace();
}
}
}
//make connection pool size smaller if too big
int decrease = getDecreasingConnectionCount();
if (m_notUsedConnection.size() < decrease) {
return;
}
while (decrease-- > 0) {
ConnectionWrapper wrapper = (ConnectionWrapper) m_notUsedConnection.removeFirst();
try {
wrapper.connection.close();
} catch (Exception e) {
}
}
}
/**
* get increasing connection count, not just add 1 connection
* @return count
*/
public static int getIncreasingConnectionCount() {
int count = 1;
int current = getConnectionCount();
count = current / 4;
if (count < 1) {
count = 1;
}
return count;
}
/**
* get decreasing connection count, not just remove 1 connection
* @return count
*/
public static int getDecreasingConnectionCount() {
int count = 0;
int current = getConnectionCount();
if (current < 10) {
return 0;
}
return current / 3;
}
public synchronized static void printDebugMsg() {
printDebugMsg(System.out);
}
public synchronized static void printDebugMsg(PrintStream out) {
if (DEBUG == false) {
return;
}
StringBuffer msg = new StringBuffer();
msg.append("debug message in " + SimpleConnetionPool.class.getName());
msg.append("\r\n");
msg.append("total count is connection pool: " + getConnectionCount());
msg.append("\r\n");
msg.append("not used connection count: " + getNotUsedConnectionCount());
msg.append("\r\n");
msg.append("used connection, count: " + getUsedConnectionCount());
out.println(msg);
Iterator iterator = m_usedUsedConnection.iterator();
while (iterator.hasNext()) {
ConnectionWrapper wrapper = (ConnectionWrapper) iterator.next();
wrapper.debugInfo.printStackTrace(out);
}
out.println();
}
public static synchronized int getNotUsedConnectionCount() {
return m_notUsedConnection.size();
}
public static synchronized int getUsedConnectionCount() {
return m_usedUsedConnection.size();
}
public static synchronized int getConnectionCount() {
return m_notUsedConnection.size() + m_usedUsedConnection.size();
}
public static String getUrl() {
return m_url;
}
public static void setUrl(String url) {
if (url == null) {
return;
}
m_url = url.trim();
}
public static String getUser() {
return m_user;
}
public static void setUser(String user) {
if (user == null) {
return;
}
m_user = user.trim();
}
public static String getPassword() {
return m_password;
}
public static void setPassword(String password) {
if (password == null) {
return;
}
m_password = password.trim();
}
}
class ConnectionWrapper implements InvocationHandler {
private final static String CLOSE_METHOD_NAME = "close";
public Connection connection = null;
private Connection m_originConnection = null;
public long lastAccessTime = System.currentTimeMillis();
Throwable debugInfo = new Throwable("Connection initial statement");
ConnectionWrapper(Connection con) {
Class[] interfaces = {java.sql.Connection.class};
this.connection = (Connection) Proxy.newProxyInstance(
con.getClass().getClassLoader(),
interfaces, this);
m_originConnection = con;
}
void close() throws SQLException {
m_originConnection.close();
}
public Object invoke(Object proxy, Method m, Object[] args) throws Throwable {
Object obj = null;
if (CLOSE_METHOD_NAME.equals(m.getName())) {
SimpleConnetionPool.pushConnectionBackToPool(this);
}
else {
obj = m.invoke(m_originConnection, args);
}
lastAccessTime = System.currentTimeMillis();
return obj;
}
}
使用方法
public class TestConnectionPool{
public static void main(String[] args) {
SimpleConnetionPool.setUrl(DBTools.getDatabaseUrl());
SimpleConnetionPool.setUser(DBTools.getDatabaseUserName());
SimpleConnetionPool.setPassword(DBTools.getDatabasePassword());
Connection con = SimpleConnetionPool.getConnection();
Connection con1 = SimpleConnetionPool.getConnection();
Connection con2 = SimpleConnetionPool.getConnection();
//do something with con ...
try {
con.close();
} catch (Exception e) {}
try {
con1.close();
} catch (Exception e) {}
try {
con2.close();
} catch (Exception e) {}
con = SimpleConnetionPool.getConnection();
con1 = SimpleConnetionPool.getConnection();
try {
con1.close();
} catch (Exception e) {}
con2 = SimpleConnetionPool.getConnection();
SimpleConnetionPool.printDebugMsg();
}
}運(yùn)行測(cè)試程序后打印連接池中 Connection 狀態(tài)， 以及正在使用的沒有關(guān)閉 Connection 信息。