自：
http://www.matrix.org.cn/resource/article/43/43837_JDBC.htmlJava 的JDBC 數據庫連接池實現方法
關鍵字: Java, JDBC, Connection Pool, Database, 數據庫連接池, sourcecode
??雖然 J2EE 程序員一般都有現成的應用服務器所帶的JDBC 數據庫連接池，不過對于開發一般的 Java Application 、 Applet 或者 JSP、velocity 時，我們可用的JDBC 數據庫連接池并不多，并且一般性能都不好。 Java 程序員都很羨慕 Windows ADO ，只需要 new Connection 就可以直接從數據庫連接池中返回 Connection。并且 ADO Connection 是線程安全的，多個線程可以共用一個 Connection， 所以 ASP 程序一般都把 getConnection 放在 Global.asa 文件中，在 IIS 啟動時建立數據庫連接。ADO 的 Connection 和 Result 都有很好的緩沖，并且很容易使用。
其實我們可以自己寫一個JDBC 數據庫連接池。寫 JDBC connection pool 的注意事項有：
1. 有一個簡單的函數從連接池中得到一個 Connection。
2. close 函數必須將 connection 放回 數據庫連接池。
3. 當數據庫連接池中沒有空閑的 connection， 數據庫連接池必須能夠自動增加 connection 個數。
4. 當數據庫連接池中的 connection 個數在某一個特別的時間變得很大，但是以后很長時間只用其中一小部分，應該可以自動將多余的 connection 關閉掉。
5. 如果可能，應該提供debug 信息報告沒有關閉的 new Connection 。
如果要 new Connection 就可以直接從數據庫連接池中返回 Connection， 可以這樣寫( Mediator pattern ) (以下代碼中使用了中文全角空格)：
public class EasyConnection implements java.sql.Connection{
private Connection m_delegate = null;
public EasyConnection(){
m_delegate = getConnectionFromPool();
}
public void close(){
putConnectionBackToPool(m_delegate);
}
public PreparedStatement prepareStatement(String sql) throws SQLException{
m_delegate.prepareStatement(sql);
}
//...... other method
}看來并不難。不過不建議這種寫法，因為應該盡量避免使用 Java Interface, 關于 Java Interface 的缺點我另外再寫文章討論。大家關注的是 Connection Pool 的實現方法。下面給出一種實現方法。
import java.sql.*;
import java.lang.reflect.*;
import java.util.*;
import java.io.*;
public class SimpleConnetionPool {
private static LinkedList m_notUsedConnection = new LinkedList();
private static HashSet m_usedUsedConnection = new HashSet();
private static String m_url = "";
private static String m_user = "";
private static String m_password = "";
static final boolean DEBUG = true;
static private long m_lastClearClosedConnection = System.currentTimeMillis();
public static long CHECK_CLOSED_CONNECTION_TIME = 4 * 60 * 60 * 1000; //4 hours
static {
initDriver();
}
private SimpleConnetionPool() {
}
private static void initDriver() {
Driver driver = null;
//load mysql driver
try {
driver = (Driver) Class.forName("com.mysql.jdbc.Driver").newInstance();
installDriver(driver);
} catch (Exception e) {
}
//load postgresql driver
try {
driver = (Driver) Class.forName("org.postgresql.Driver").newInstance();
installDriver(driver);
} catch (Exception e) {
}
}
public static void installDriver(Driver driver) {
try {
DriverManager.registerDriver(driver);
} catch (Exception e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
public static synchronized Connection getConnection() {
clearClosedConnection();
while (m_notUsedConnection.size() > 0) {
try {
ConnectionWrapper wrapper = (ConnectionWrapper) m_notUsedConnection.removeFirst();
if (wrapper.connection.isClosed()) {
continue;
}
m_usedUsedConnection.add(wrapper);
if (DEBUG) {
wrapper.debugInfo = new Throwable("Connection initial statement");
}
return wrapper.connection;
} catch (Exception e) {
}
}
int newCount = getIncreasingConnectionCount();
LinkedList list = new LinkedList();
ConnectionWrapper wrapper = null;
for (int i = 0; i < newCount; i++) {
wrapper = getNewConnection();
if (wrapper != null) {
list.add(wrapper);
}
}
if (list.size() == 0) {
return null;
}
wrapper = (ConnectionWrapper) list.removeFirst();
m_usedUsedConnection.add(wrapper);
m_notUsedConnection.addAll(list);
list.clear();
return wrapper.connection;
}
private static ConnectionWrapper getNewConnection() {
try {
Connection con = DriverManager.getConnection(m_url, m_user, m_password);
ConnectionWrapper wrapper = new ConnectionWrapper(con);
return wrapper;
} catch (Exception e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
return null;
}
static synchronized void pushConnectionBackToPool(ConnectionWrapper con) {
boolean exist = m_usedUsedConnection.remove(con);
if (exist) {
m_notUsedConnection.addLast(con);
}
}
public static int close() {
int count = 0;
Iterator iterator = m_notUsedConnection.iterator();
while (iterator.hasNext()) {
try {
( (ConnectionWrapper) iterator.next()).close();
count++;
} catch (Exception e) {
}
}
m_notUsedConnection.clear();
iterator = m_usedUsedConnection.iterator();
while (iterator.hasNext()) {
try {
ConnectionWrapper wrapper = (ConnectionWrapper) iterator.next();
wrapper.close();
if (DEBUG) {
wrapper.debugInfo.printStackTrace();
}
count++;
} catch (Exception e) {
}
}
m_usedUsedConnection.clear();
return count;
}
private static void clearClosedConnection() {
long time = System.currentTimeMillis();
//sometimes user change system time,just return
if (time < m_lastClearClosedConnection) {
time = m_lastClearClosedConnection;
return;
}
//no need check very often
if (time - m_lastClearClosedConnection < CHECK_CLOSED_CONNECTION_TIME) {
return;
}
m_lastClearClosedConnection = time;
//begin check
Iterator iterator = m_notUsedConnection.iterator();
while (iterator.hasNext()) {
ConnectionWrapper wrapper = (ConnectionWrapper) iterator.next();
try {
if (wrapper.connection.isClosed()) {
iterator.remove();
}
} catch (Exception e) {
iterator.remove();
if (DEBUG) {
System.out.println("connection is closed, this connection initial StackTrace");
wrapper.debugInfo.printStackTrace();
}
}
}
//make connection pool size smaller if too big
int decrease = getDecreasingConnectionCount();
if (m_notUsedConnection.size() < decrease) {
return;
}
while (decrease-- > 0) {
ConnectionWrapper wrapper = (ConnectionWrapper) m_notUsedConnection.removeFirst();
try {
wrapper.connection.close();
} catch (Exception e) {
}
}
}
/**
* get increasing connection count, not just add 1 connection
* @return count
*/
public static int getIncreasingConnectionCount() {
int count = 1;
int current = getConnectionCount();
count = current / 4;
if (count < 1) {
count = 1;
}
return count;
}
/**
* get decreasing connection count, not just remove 1 connection
* @return count
*/
public static int getDecreasingConnectionCount() {
int count = 0;
int current = getConnectionCount();
if (current < 10) {
return 0;
}
return current / 3;
}
public synchronized static void printDebugMsg() {
printDebugMsg(System.out);
}
public synchronized static void printDebugMsg(PrintStream out) {
if (DEBUG == false) {
return;
}
StringBuffer msg = new StringBuffer();
msg.append("debug message in " + SimpleConnetionPool.class.getName());
msg.append("\r\n");
msg.append("total count is connection pool: " + getConnectionCount());
msg.append("\r\n");
msg.append("not used connection count: " + getNotUsedConnectionCount());
msg.append("\r\n");
msg.append("used connection, count: " + getUsedConnectionCount());
out.println(msg);
Iterator iterator = m_usedUsedConnection.iterator();
while (iterator.hasNext()) {
ConnectionWrapper wrapper = (ConnectionWrapper) iterator.next();
wrapper.debugInfo.printStackTrace(out);
}
out.println();
}
public static synchronized int getNotUsedConnectionCount() {
return m_notUsedConnection.size();
}
public static synchronized int getUsedConnectionCount() {
return m_usedUsedConnection.size();
}
public static synchronized int getConnectionCount() {
return m_notUsedConnection.size() + m_usedUsedConnection.size();
}
public static String getUrl() {
return m_url;
}
public static void setUrl(String url) {
if (url == null) {
return;
}
m_url = url.trim();
}
public static String getUser() {
return m_user;
}
public static void setUser(String user) {
if (user == null) {
return;
}
m_user = user.trim();
}
public static String getPassword() {
return m_password;
}
public static void setPassword(String password) {
if (password == null) {
return;
}
m_password = password.trim();
}
}
class ConnectionWrapper implements InvocationHandler {
private final static String CLOSE_METHOD_NAME = "close";
public Connection connection = null;
private Connection m_originConnection = null;
public long lastAccessTime = System.currentTimeMillis();
Throwable debugInfo = new Throwable("Connection initial statement");
ConnectionWrapper(Connection con) {
Class[] interfaces = {java.sql.Connection.class};
this.connection = (Connection) Proxy.newProxyInstance(
con.getClass().getClassLoader(),
interfaces, this);
m_originConnection = con;
}
void close() throws SQLException {
m_originConnection.close();
}
public Object invoke(Object proxy, Method m, Object[] args) throws Throwable {
Object obj = null;
if (CLOSE_METHOD_NAME.equals(m.getName())) {
SimpleConnetionPool.pushConnectionBackToPool(this);
}
else {
obj = m.invoke(m_originConnection, args);
}
lastAccessTime = System.currentTimeMillis();
return obj;
}
}
使用方法
public class TestConnectionPool{
public static void main(String[] args) {
SimpleConnetionPool.setUrl(DBTools.getDatabaseUrl());
SimpleConnetionPool.setUser(DBTools.getDatabaseUserName());
SimpleConnetionPool.setPassword(DBTools.getDatabasePassword());
Connection con = SimpleConnetionPool.getConnection();
Connection con1 = SimpleConnetionPool.getConnection();
Connection con2 = SimpleConnetionPool.getConnection();
//do something with con ...
try {
con.close();
} catch (Exception e) {}
try {
con1.close();
} catch (Exception e) {}
try {
con2.close();
} catch (Exception e) {}
con = SimpleConnetionPool.getConnection();
con1 = SimpleConnetionPool.getConnection();
try {
con1.close();
} catch (Exception e) {}
con2 = SimpleConnetionPool.getConnection();
SimpleConnetionPool.printDebugMsg();
}
}運行測試程序后打印連接池中 Connection 狀態， 以及正在使用的沒有關閉 Connection 信息。