Java 8之前,同一注解不能在相同的目標元素上多次使用,例如,如下的注解在Java 8之前是不允許的:
public class SampleClass {
@Quality("Security")
@Quality("Performance")
@Quality("Readability")
public void foo(){
//
}
}
Java 8引入了Repeatable注解(@Repeatable)可以解決這一問題,但光有可重復的注解定義還不夠,還需要它的容器注解,兩者一起來實現可重復注解的使用。實例如下:
@Target(ElementType.METHOD)
@Retention(RetentionPolicy.SOURCE)
@Repeatable (Qualities.class)
public @interface Quality {
String value();
}
@Target(ElementType.METHOD)
public @interface Qualities {
Quality[] value();
}
其中,Quality是可重復注解,由@Repeatable注解標明,它的容器注解是Qualities,用于存放所有可重復的Quality(存貯在Quality[]中);同時還要注意可重復注解和它的容器注解的目標元素必須是一樣的(這也不言自明)。如此這般,我們最開始的
SampleClass 在Java 8環境下就可以安全使用了。
以下單例實現思想來自《Java Design Patterns: A Programmer's Approach》.
該方法利用了Java缺省的Lazy類實例化機制克服了傳統單例模式實現中Lazy實例化方式的不足。
public class Singleton {
private Singleton(){}
public static Singleton getInstance(){
return Helper.instance;
}
static class Helper {
private static Singleton instance = new Singleton();
}
}
以下轉自StackOverflow(
http://stackoverflow.com/questions/5074063/maven-error-failure-to-transfer),親測可用。
This worked for me in Windows as well.
- Locate the {user}/.m2/repository (Using Juno /Win7 here)
- In the Search field in upper right of window, type ".lastupdated". Windows will look through all subfolders for these files in the directory. (I did not look through cache.)
- Remove them by Right-click > Delete (I kept all of the lastupdated.properties).
- Then go back into Eclipse, Right-click on the project and select Maven > Update Project. I selected to "Force Update of Snapshots/Releases". Click Ok and the dependencies finally resolved correctly.