摘自
http://zhangjunhd.blog.51cto.com/113473/20629/
1.Servlet過濾器
1.1 什么是過濾器
過濾器是一個程序,它先于與之相關(guān)的servlet或JSP頁面運行在服務器上。過濾器可附加到一個或多個servlet或JSP頁面上,并且可以檢查進入這些資源的請求信息。在這之后,過濾器可以作如下的選擇:
①以常規(guī)的方式調(diào)用資源(即,調(diào)用servlet或JSP頁面)。
②利用修改過的請求信息調(diào)用資源。
③調(diào)用資源,但在發(fā)送響應到客戶機前對其進行修改。
④阻止該資源調(diào)用,代之以轉(zhuǎn)到其他的資源,返回一個特定的狀態(tài)代碼或生成替換輸出。
1.2 Servlet過濾器的基本原理
在Servlet作為過濾器使用時,它可以對客戶的請求進行處理。處理完成后,它會交給下一個過濾器處理,這樣,客戶的請求在過濾鏈里逐個處理,直到請求發(fā)送到目標為止。例如,某網(wǎng)站里有提交“修改的注冊信息”的網(wǎng)頁,當用戶填寫完修改信息并提交后,服務器在進行處理時需要做兩項工作:判斷客戶端的會話是否有效;對提交的數(shù)據(jù)進行統(tǒng)一編碼。這兩項工作可以在由兩個過濾器組成的過濾鏈里進行處理。當過濾器處理成功后,把提交的數(shù)據(jù)發(fā)送到最終目標;如果過濾器處理不成功,將把視圖派發(fā)到指定的錯誤頁面。
2.Servlet過濾器開發(fā)步驟
開發(fā)Servlet過濾器的步驟如下:
①編寫實現(xiàn)Filter接口的Servlet類。
②在web.xml中配置Filter。
開發(fā)一個過濾器需要實現(xiàn)Filter接口,Filter接口定義了以下方法:
①destory()由Web容器調(diào)用,初始化此Filter。
②init(FilterConfig filterConfig)由Web容器調(diào)用,初始化此Filter。
③doFilter(ServletRequest request,ServletResponse response,FilterChain chain)具體過濾處理代碼。
3.一個過濾器框架實例
SimpleFilter1.java
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package com.zj.sample;
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import java.io.IOException;
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import javax.servlet.Filter;
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import javax.servlet.FilterChain;
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import javax.servlet.FilterConfig;
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import javax.servlet.ServletException;
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import javax.servlet.ServletRequest;
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import javax.servlet.ServletResponse;
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public class SimpleFilter1 implements Filter
{
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@SuppressWarnings("unused")
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private FilterConfig filterConfig;
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public void init(FilterConfig config) throws ServletException
{
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this.filterConfig = config;
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}
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public void doFilter(ServletRequest request, ServletResponse response,
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FilterChain chain)
{
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try
{
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System.out.println("Within SimpleFilter1:Filtering the Request
");
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chain.doFilter(request, response);// 把處理發(fā)送到下一個過濾器
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System.out .println("Within SimpleFilter1:Filtering the Response
");
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} catch (IOException ioe)
{
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ioe.printStackTrace();
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} catch (ServletException se)
{
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se.printStackTrace();
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}
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}
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public void destroy()
{
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this.filterConfig = null;
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}
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} SimpleFilter2.java
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package com.zj.sample;
2
import java.io.IOException;
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import javax.servlet.Filter;
4
import javax.servlet.FilterChain;
5
import javax.servlet.FilterConfig;
6
import javax.servlet.ServletException;
7
import javax.servlet.ServletRequest;
8
import javax.servlet.ServletResponse;
9
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public class SimpleFilter2 implements Filter
{
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@SuppressWarnings("unused")
12
private FilterConfig filterConfig;
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public void init(FilterConfig config) throws ServletException
{
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this.filterConfig = config;
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}
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public void doFilter(ServletRequest request, ServletResponse response,
19
FilterChain chain)
{
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try
{
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System.out.println("Within SimpleFilter2:Filtering the Request
");
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chain.doFilter(request, response); // 把處理發(fā)送到下一個過濾器
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System.out.println("Within SimpleFilter2:Filtering the Response
");
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} catch (IOException ioe)
{
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ioe.printStackTrace();
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} catch (ServletException se)
{
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se.printStackTrace();
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}
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}
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public void destroy()
{
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this.filterConfig = null;
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}
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} web.xml
1 <filter>
2 <filter-name>filter1</filter-name>
3 <filter-class>com.zj.sample.SimpleFilter1</filter-class>
4 </filter>
5 <filter-mapping>
6 <filter-name>filter1</filter-name>
7 <url-pattern>/*</url-pattern>//為所有的訪問做過濾
8 </filter-mapping>
9
10 <filter>
11 <filter-name>filter2</filter-name>
12 <filter-class>com.zj.sample.SimpleFilter2</filter-class>
13 </filter>
14 <filter-mapping>
15 <filter-name>filter2</filter-name>
16 <url-pattern>/*</url-pattern>//為所有的訪問做過濾
17 </filter-mapping>
打開web容器中任意頁面輸出結(jié)果:(注意過濾器執(zhí)行的請求/響應順序)
Within SimpleFilter1:Filtering the Request...
Within SimpleFilter2:Filtering the Request...
Within SimpleFilter2:Filtering the Response...
Within SimpleFilter1:Filtering the Response...
4.報告過濾器
我們來試驗一個簡單的過濾器,只要調(diào)用相關(guān)的servlet或JSP頁面,它就打印一條消息到標準輸出。為實現(xiàn)此功能,在doFilter方法中執(zhí)行過濾行為。每當調(diào)用與這個過濾器相關(guān)的servlet或JSP頁面時,doFilter方法就生成一個打印輸出,此輸出列出請求主機和調(diào)用的URL。因為getRequestURL方法位于HttpServletRequest而不是ServletRequest中,所以把ServletRequest對象構(gòu)造為HttpServletRequest類型。我們改動一下章節(jié)3的SimpleFilter1.java。
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package com.zj.sample;
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import java.io.IOException;
3
import java.util.Date;
4
import javax.servlet.Filter;
5
import javax.servlet.FilterChain;
6
import javax.servlet.FilterConfig;
7
import javax.servlet.ServletException;
8
import javax.servlet.ServletRequest;
9
import javax.servlet.ServletResponse;
10
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
11
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public class SimpleFilter1 implements Filter
{
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@SuppressWarnings("unused")
14
private FilterConfig filterConfig;
15
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public void init(FilterConfig config) throws ServletException
{
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this.filterConfig = config;
18
}
19
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public void doFilter(ServletRequest request, ServletResponse response,
21
FilterChain chain)
{
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try
{
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System.out.println("Within SimpleFilter1:Filtering the Request
");
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HttpServletRequest req = (HttpServletRequest) request;
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System.out.println(req.getRemoteHost() + " tried to access "
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+ req.getRequestURL() + " on " + new Date() + ".");
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chain.doFilter(request, response);
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System.out.println("Within SimpleFilter1:Filtering the Response
");
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} catch (IOException ioe)
{
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ioe.printStackTrace();
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} catch (ServletException se)
{
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se.printStackTrace();
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}
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}
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public void destroy()
{
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this.filterConfig = null;
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}
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}
web.xml設(shè)置不變,同章節(jié)3。
測試:
輸入[url]http://localhost:8080/Test4Jsp/login.jsp[/url]
結(jié)果:
Within SimpleFilter1:Filtering the Request...
0:0:0:0:0:0:0:1 tried to access [url]http://localhost:8080/Test4Jsp/login.jsp[/url] on Sun Mar 04 17:01:37 CST 2007.
Within SimpleFilter2:Filtering the Request...
Within SimpleFilter2:Filtering the Response...
Within SimpleFilter1:Filtering the Response...
5.訪問時的過濾器(在過濾器中使用servlet初始化參數(shù))
下面利用init設(shè)定一個正常訪問時間范圍,對那些不在此時間段的訪問作出記錄。我們改動一下章節(jié)3的SimpleFilter2.java。
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package com.zj.sample;
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import java.io.IOException;
3
import java.text.DateFormat;
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import java.util.Calendar;
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import java.util.GregorianCalendar;
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import javax.servlet.Filter;
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import javax.servlet.FilterChain;
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import javax.servlet.FilterConfig;
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import javax.servlet.ServletContext;
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import javax.servlet.ServletException;
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import javax.servlet.ServletRequest;
12
import javax.servlet.ServletResponse;
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import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
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public class SimpleFilter2 implements Filter
{
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@SuppressWarnings("unused")
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private FilterConfig config;
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private ServletContext context;
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private int startTime, endTime;
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private DateFormat formatter;
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public void init(FilterConfig config) throws ServletException
{
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this.config = config;
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context = config.getServletContext();
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formatter = DateFormat.getDateTimeInstance(DateFormat.MEDIUM,
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DateFormat.MEDIUM);
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try
{
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startTime = Integer.parseInt(config.getInitParameter("startTime"));// web.xml
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endTime = Integer.parseInt(config.getInitParameter("endTime"));// web.xml
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} catch (NumberFormatException nfe)
{ // Malformed or null
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// Default: access at or after 10 p.m. but before 6 a.m. is
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// considered unusual.
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startTime = 22; // 10:00 p.m.
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endTime = 6; // 6:00 a.m.
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}
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}
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public void doFilter(ServletRequest request, ServletResponse response,
39
FilterChain chain)
{
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try
{
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System.out.println("Within SimpleFilter2:Filtering the Request
");
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HttpServletRequest req = (HttpServletRequest) request;
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GregorianCalendar calendar = new GregorianCalendar();
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int currentTime = calendar.get(Calendar.HOUR_OF_DAY);
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if (isUnusualTime(currentTime, startTime, endTime))
{
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context.log("WARNING: " + req.getRemoteHost() + " accessed "
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+ req.getRequestURL() + " on "
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+ formatter.format(calendar.getTime()));
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// The log file is under <CATALINA_HOME>/logs.One log per day.
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}
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chain.doFilter(request, response);
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System.out
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.println("Within SimpleFilter2:Filtering the Response
");
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} catch (IOException ioe)
{
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ioe.printStackTrace();
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} catch (ServletException se)
{
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se.printStackTrace();
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}
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}
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public void destroy()
{}
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// Is the current time between the start and end
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// times that are marked as abnormal access times?
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private boolean isUnusualTime(int currentTime, int startTime, int endTime)
{
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// If the start time is less than the end time (i.e.,
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// they are two times on the same day), then the
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// current time is considered unusual if it is
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// between the start and end times.
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if (startTime < endTime)
{
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return ((currentTime >= startTime) && (currentTime < endTime));
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}
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// If the start time is greater than or equal to the
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// end time (i.e., the start time is on one day and
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// the end time is on the next day), then the current
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// time is considered unusual if it is NOT between
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// the end and start times.
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else
{
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return (!isUnusualTime(currentTime, endTime, startTime));
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}
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}
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}
web.xml設(shè)置不變。
關(guān)于Tomcat日志處理,這里補充介紹一下。config.getServletContext().log("log message")會將日志信息寫入<CATALINA_HOME>/logs文件夾下,文件名應該為localhost_log.2007-03-04.txt這樣的形式(按日期每天產(chǎn)生一個,第二天可以看見)。要得到這樣一個日志文件,應該在server.xml中有:
<Logger className="org.apache.catalina.logger.FileLogger" prefix="catalina_log." suffix=".txt" timestamp="true"/> |
參考資料
[1] Marty Halls ,Servlet與JSP權(quán)威指南,機械工業(yè)出版社
[2] 趙強,精通JSP編程,電子工業(yè)出版社
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