1. HashMap概要:基于哈希表Map接口的非同步實現 - 線程不安全,線程安全請使用Hashtable
- 效率較好
- 提供null作為key或者value
2. HashMap代碼詳解:
/** * Constructs an empty <tt>HashMap</tt> with the default initial capacity
* (16) and the default load factor (0.75).
*/
public HashMap() {
this.loadFactor = DEFAULT_LOAD_FACTOR; //默認是0.75
threshold = (int)(DEFAULT_INITIAL_CAPACITY * DEFAULT_LOAD_FACTOR);//擴容的門檻,存入的數據大于該值,容量擴充一倍
table = new Entry[DEFAULT_INITIAL_CAPACITY];//初始化數組,數組內容為Entry,存儲鏈表
init();
public V put(K key, V value) {
if (key == null)
return putForNullKey(value);//如果key為null,直接把value放到數組第一位table[0]
int hash = hash(key.hashCode());//通過可以的hashcode計算對應的hash值
int i = indexFor(hash, table.length);//通過hash值,把entry對應到數組的位數計算出來
for (Entry<K,V> e = table[i]; e != null; e = e.next) {//如果該entry還包含下一個entry的引用,則繼續遍歷該鏈表
Object k;
if (e.hash == hash && ((k = e.key) == key || key.equals(k))) {//如果key相同,則替換新的value到制定的key
V oldValue = e.value;
e.value = value;
e.recordAccess(this);
return oldValue;
}
}
modCount++;
addEntry(hash, key, value, i);
return null;
}
public V get(Object key) {
if (key == null)//key為null,直接從數組第一位拿數據
return getForNullKey();
int hash = hash(key.hashCode());
for (Entry<K,V> e = table[indexFor(hash, table.length)]; //直接通過key的hashcode計算出對應到數組的索引位,直接取數據,如果有鏈表繼續查找
e != null;
e = e.next) {
Object k;
if (e.hash == hash && ((k = e.key) == key || key.equals(k)))
return e.value;
}
return null;
}
HashMap別的方法就不繼續詳解了,主要通過put與get可以很好的理解HashMap底層的結構,以及工作方式。
1. Vector概要: /** * Constructs an empty vector so that its internal data array
* has size {@code 10} and its standard capacity increment is
* zero.
*/
public Vector() {
this(10);
}
- 底層采用數組存儲:protected Object[] elementData;
- 線程安全
- 查詢效率比較高,比較適用于查詢
- 擴容的長度為初始長度的一半,建議初始化的時候設置已知的長度,免得容器自己去擴容,浪費空間以及效率
與ArrayList基本一樣,除了所有操作資源的方法都加了synchronized,保證線程同步
這里的源代碼就不詳解了,具體請參考容器-數組-ArrayList詳解。
1. ArrayList概要: public ArrayList() { this(10);
}
- 底層采用數組存儲:private transient Object[] elementData;
transient表示數組elementData不需要通過serialization序列化傳輸
- 線程不安全,在多線程場景會出現問題,可以考慮使用Vector或者Collections.synchronizedList同步該容器
- 查詢效率比較高,比較適用于查詢
- 擴容的長度為初始長度的一半,建議初始化的時候設置已知的長度,免得容器自己去擴容,浪費空間以及效率
2. ArrayList代碼詳解: public boolean add(E e) { ensureCapacity(size + 1); // Increments modCount!!
elementData[size++] = e;
return true;
}
首先檢查數組是否已滿,如果滿了就開始擴容,擴容后的長度為原長度的1.5倍。
/** * Increases the capacity of this <tt>ArrayList</tt> instance, if
* necessary, to ensure that it can hold at least the number of elements
* specified by the minimum capacity argument.
*
* @param minCapacity the desired minimum capacity
*/
public void ensureCapacity(int minCapacity) {
modCount++;//modCount表示數組的操作計數,用于iterator的時候與Count比較,防止迭代操作對add,remove等操作影響迭代操作
int oldCapacity = elementData.length;
if (minCapacity > oldCapacity) { //新插入元素后的長度大于老的長度,數組開始擴容
Object oldData[] = elementData;
int newCapacity = (oldCapacity * 3)/2 + 1;//新空間為原長度的1.5倍,等于是擴容了50%
if (newCapacity < minCapacity)
newCapacity = minCapacity;
// minCapacity is usually close to size, so this is a win:
elementData = Arrays.copyOf(elementData, newCapacity);//把之前的元素拷貝到新的數組 }
}
/**
* Removes the element at the specified position in this list.
* Shifts any subsequent elements to the left (subtracts one from their
* indices).
*
* @param index the index of the element to be removed
* @return the element that was removed from the list
* @throws IndexOutOfBoundsException {@inheritDoc}
*/
public E remove(int index) {
RangeCheck(index); //檢查索引是否溢出
modCount++; //操作計數
E oldValue = (E) elementData[index];
int numMoved = size - index - 1;
if (numMoved > 0)
System.arraycopy(elementData, index+1, elementData, index,//復制原數組制定index+1到length-1的元素到elementData的index的索引位
numMoved);
elementData[--size] = null; // Let gc do its work//最后一位設置為null
return oldValue;
}
/**
* Checks if the given index is in range. If not, throws an appropriate
* runtime exception. This method does *not* check if the index is
* negative: It is always used immediately prior to an array access,
* which throws an ArrayIndexOutOfBoundsException if index is negative.
*/
private void RangeCheck(int index) {
if (index >= size)
throw new IndexOutOfBoundsException(
"Index: "+index+", Size: "+size);
}
/**
* Returns the element at the specified position in this list.
*
* @param index index of the element to return
* @return the element at the specified position in this list
* @throws IndexOutOfBoundsException {@inheritDoc}
*/
public E get(int index) {
RangeCheck(index);
return (E) elementData[index]; //直接獲取數組的索引位
}