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使用 Spring 更好地处�?Struts 动作

阿成 — Tue, 12 Sep 2006 07:11:00 GMT

摘要: 三种整合 Struts 应用�E�序�?Spring 的方�? ... 阅读全文

阿成 2006-09-12 15:11 发表评论

阿成 — Mon, 04 Sep 2006 01:10:00 GMT

Spring本��n有ApplicationEvent和ApplicationListener�Q�ApplicationContext可以发布ApplicationEvent�Q�然后ApplicationListener监听event�q�做出相应动作。但是这里的ApplicationEvent有个陷阱�Q�它的传播范围和当前的ApplicationContext的��别有养I���q�不是系�l�中所有的ApplicationListener都可以收到所有的Event�?/div>

假设当前�pȝ��Z��个典型的Struts+Spring+Hibernate�pȝ��Q�那么系�l�中臛_��会有两个ApplicationContext存在�Q�一个时root ApplicationContext�Q�一个是Servlet的ApplicationContext。root ApplicationContext中包含你所有在webApplicationContext.xml中定义的bean�Q�Servlet的ApplicationContext则包含有所有在action-servlet.xml中定义的bean�Q?font color="#ff0000">需要注意的是root context中的bean是无法看到servlet context中的bean�?/strong>�?strong>而在servlet context中的ApplicationListener也无法收到root context发布的ApplicationEvent�?br />
http://sweetriver.spaces.live.com/blog/cns!367370EB9A9B2807!129.entry

阿成 2006-09-04 09:10 发表评论

��化Spring

阿成 — Tue, 29 Aug 2006 00:58:00 GMT

��化Spring(1)--配置文�g

��化Spring(2)--Model�?/font>

��化Spring(3)--Controller�?/font>

��化Spring(4)--View�?/font>

阿成 2006-08-29 08:58 发表评论

阿成 — Thu, 08 Jun 2006 01:12:00 GMT

在读spring in aciton �Ӟ��他用的BeanFactory factory = new XmlBeanFactory(new FileInputStream("hello.xml"));
可是现在的用�?.2.6版本的构造器(XmlBeanFactory)只能接收Resource接口了，所以调不出来是正常的事情，假设现在有一个文件hello.xml
��d��Ҏ��

1:ApplicationContext cx=new FileSystemXmlApplicationContext("hello.xml");//指定的�\径去找文�?br />2:ApplicationContext factory = new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext("hello.xml");//�q�会在classpath��L��
3:Resource fa = new FileSystemResource("hello.xml");
BeanFactory factory=new XmlBeanFactory(fa);
4:�q�个要设制classpath了，�ȝ��
　 Resource res = new ClassPathResource("com/springinaction/chapter01/hello/hello.xml");
　 BeanFactory factory=new XmlBeanFactory(res);
好了�Q�用了上面那�U�方法都可以调用getBean("your bean name")了，
eg: BeanFactory factory=new XmlBeanFactory(fa);
hello he=(hello)factory.getBean("hello");
he.getHello();

阿成 2006-06-08 09:12 发表评论

Spring 入门实例

阿成 — Tue, 18 Apr 2006 09:28:00 GMT

Spring是一个非�怼��U�的轻量��框架�Q�通过Spring的IoC容器�Q�我们的��x��点便攑ֈ�了需要实现的业务逻辑上。对AOP的支持则能让我们动态增��Z��务方法。编写普通的业务逻辑Bean是非常容易而且易于��试的，因�ؓ它能��q��J2EE容器�Q�如Servlet�Q�JSP环境�Q�单独进行单元测试。最后的一步便是在Spring框架中将�q�些业务Bean以XML配置文�g的方式组�l��v来，它们��按照我们预定的目标正常工作了！非常�Ҏ��Q?/p>

本文��给��Z��个基本的Spring入门�C�Z��Q��ƈ演示如何使用Spring的AOP��复杂的业务逻辑分离到每个方面中�?/p>

1�Q�开发环境配�|?br />2�Q�编写Bean接口及其实现
3�Q�在Spring中配�|�Bean�q�获得Bean的实�?br />4�Q�编写Advisor以增强ServiceBean
5�Q��ȝ��

1�Q�开发环境配�|?/h3>
首先�Q�需要正��配�|�Java环境。推荐安装JDK1.4.2�Q��ƈ正确配置环境变量�Q?/p>
JAVA_HOME=
CLASSPATH=.
Path=%JAVA_HOME%\bin;…�?/p>
我们��用免费的Eclipse 3.1作�ؓIDE。新��Z��个Java Project�Q�将Spring的发布包spring.jar以及commons-logging-1.0.4.jar复制到Project目录下，�q�在Project > Properties中配�|�好Java Build Path�Q?/p>

2�Q�编写Bean接口及其实现

我们实现一个管理用��L��业务Bean。首先定义一个ServiceBean接口�Q�声明一些业务方法：

				/**
 * Copyright_2006, Liao Xuefeng
 * Created on 2006-3-9
 * For more information, please visit: 
				
						http://www.crackj2ee.com
				
				

				 */
package com.crackj2ee.example.spring;

				/**
 * Interface of service facade.
 * 
 * @author Xuefeng
 */
public interface ServiceBean {
    void addUser(String username, String password);
    void deleteUser(String username);
    boolean findUser(String username);
    String getPassword(String username);
}

然后在MyServiceBean中实现接口：

				/**
 * Copyright_2006, Liao Xuefeng
 * Created on 2006-3-9
 * 
 * For more information, please visit: 
				
						http://www.crackj2ee.com
				
				

				 */
package com.crackj2ee.example.spring;

				import java.util.*;

				public class MyServiceBean implements ServiceBean {

				    private String dir;
    private Map map = new HashMap();

				    public void setUserDir(String dir) {
        this.dir = dir;
        System.out.println("Set user dir to: " + dir);
    }

				    public void addUser(String username, String password) {
        if(!map.containsKey(username))
            map.put(username, password);
        else
            throw new RuntimeException("User already exist.");
    }

				    public void deleteUser(String username) {
        if(map.remove(username)==null)
            throw new RuntimeException("User not exist.");
    }

				    public boolean findUser(String username) {
        return map.containsKey(username);
    }

				    public String getPassword(String username) {
        return (String)map.get(username);
    }
}

��Z��化逻辑�Q�我们��用一个Map保存用户名和口��o�?/p>

现在�Q�我们已�l�有了一个业务Bean。要��试它非常容易，因�ؓ到目前�ؓ止，我们�q�没有涉及到Spring容器�Q�也没有涉及��C�Q何Web容器�Q�假定这是一个Web应用�E�序关于用户��理的业务Bean�Q�。完全可以直接进行Unit��试�Q�或者，��单地写个main�Ҏ��试�Q?/p>

				/**
 * Copyright_2006, Liao Xuefeng
 * Created on 2006-3-9
 * For more information, please visit: 
				
						http://www.crackj2ee.com
				
				

				 */
package com.crackj2ee.example.spring;

				public class Main {

				    public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
        ServiceBean service = new MyServiceBean();
        service.addUser("bill", "hello");
        service.addUser("tom", "goodbye");
        service.addUser("tracy", "morning");
        System.out.println("tom's password is: " + service.getPassword("tom"));
        if(service.findUser("tom")) {
            service.deleteUser("tom");
        }
    }
}

执行�l�果�Q?br />

3�Q�在Spring中配�|�Bean�q�获得Bean的实�?/h3>

我们已经在一个main�Ҏ��中实��C��业务�Q�不�q�，��对象的生命周期交给容器��理是更好的办法�Q�我们就不必为初始化对象和销毁对象进行硬�~�码�Q�从而获得更大的灉|��性和可测试性�?/p>

惌��把ServiceBean交给Spring来管理，我们需要一个XML配置文�g。新��Z��个beans.xml�Q�放到src目录下，��保在classpath中能扑ֈ�此配�|�文�Ӟ��输入以下内容�Q?/p>

				
"
				
						http://www.springframework.org/dtd/spring-beans.dtd
				
				">

以上XML声明了一个id为service的Bean�Q�默认地�Q�Spring为每个声明的Bean仅创��Z��个实例，�q��过id来引用这个Bean。下面，我们修改main�Ҏ��Q�让Spring来管理业务Bean�Q?/p>

				/**
 * Copyright_2006, Liao Xuefeng
 * Created on 2006-3-9
 * For more information, please visit: 
				
						http://www.crackj2ee.com
				
				

				 */
package com.crackj2ee.example.spring;

				import org.springframework.beans.factory.xml.XmlBeanFactory;
import org.springframework.core.io.ClassPathResource;

				public class Main {

				    public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
        // init factory:
        XmlBeanFactory factory = new XmlBeanFactory(new ClassPathResource("beans.xml"));
        // use service bean:
        ServiceBean service = (ServiceBean)factory.getBean("service");
        service.addUser("bill", "hello");
        service.addUser("tom", "goodbye");
        service.addUser("tracy", "morning");
        System.out.println("tom's password is \"" + service.getPassword("tom") + "\"");
        if(service.findUser("tom")) {
            service.deleteUser("tom");
        }
        // close factory:
        factory.destroySingletons();
    }
}

执行�l�果�Q?br />

�׃��我们要通过main�Ҏ��启动Spring环境�Q�因此，首先需要初始化一个BeanFactory。红色部分是初始化Spring的BeanFactory的典型代码，只需要保证beans.xml文�g位于classpath中�?/p>

然后�Q�在BeanFactory中通过id查找�Q�即可获得相应的Bean的实例，�q�将光��当转型为合适的接口�?/p>

接着�Q�实��C��p�d��业务操作�Q�在应用�E�序�l�束前，让Spring销毁所有的Bean实例�?/p>

�Ҏ��上一个版本的Main�Q�可以看出，最大的变化是不需要自��q��理Bean的生命周期。另一个好处是在不更改实现�cȝ��前提下，动态地为应用程序增加功能�?/p>

4�Q�编写Advisor以增强ServiceBean

所谓AOP��x��分散在各个�Ҏ��处的公共代码提取��C��处，�q��过�c�M��拦截器的机制实现代码的动态织入。可以简单地惌��成，在某个方法的调用前、返回前、调用后和抛出异常时�Q�动态插入自��q��代码。在弄清楚Pointcut、Advice之类的术语前�Q�不如编写一个最��单的AOP应用来体验一下�?/p>

考虑一下通常的Web应用�E�序都会有日志记录，我们来编写一个LogAdvisor�Q�对每个业务�Ҏ��调用前都作一个记录：

				/**
 * Copyright_2006, Liao Xuefeng
 * Created on 2006-3-9
 * For more information, please visit: 
				
						http://www.crackj2ee.com
				
				

				 */
package com.crackj2ee.example.spring;

				import java.lang.reflect.Method;
import org.springframework.aop.MethodBeforeAdvice;

				public class LogAdvisor implements MethodBeforeAdvice {
    public void before(Method m, Object[] args, Object target) throws Throwable {
        System.out.println("[Log] " + target.getClass().getName() + "." + m.getName() + "()");
    }
}

然后�Q�修改beans.xml�Q?/p>

				
"
				
						http://www.springframework.org/dtd/spring-beans.dtd
				
				">

				    
        com.crackj2ee.example.spring.ServiceBean
        
        
            
                logAdvisor

注意观察修改后的配置文�g�Q�我们��用了一个ProxyFactoryBean作�ؓservice来与客户端打交道�Q�而真正的业务Bean即MyServiceBean被声明�ؓserviceTarget�q�作为参数对象传递给ProxyFactoryBean�Q�proxyInterfaces指定了返回的接口�c�d��。对于客��L��而言�Q�将感觉不出��M��变化�Q�但却动态加入了LogAdvisor�Q�关�p�d��下：

�q�行�l�果如下�Q�可以很�Ҏ��看到调用了哪些方法：

要截��h��定的某些�Ҏ��也是可以的。下面的例子��修改getPassword()�Ҏ��的返回��|��

				/**
 * Copyright_2006, Liao Xuefeng
 * Created on 2006-3-9
 * For more information, please visit: 
				
						http://www.crackj2ee.com
				
				

				 */
package com.crackj2ee.example.spring;

				import org.aopalliance.intercept.MethodInterceptor;
import org.aopalliance.intercept.MethodInvocation;

				public class PasswordAdvisor implements MethodInterceptor {
    public Object invoke(MethodInvocation invocation) throws Throwable {
        Object ret = invocation.proceed();
        if(ret==null)
            return null;
        String password = (String)ret;
        StringBuffer encrypt = new StringBuffer(password.length());
        for(int i=0; i            encrypt.append('*');
        return encrypt.toString();
    }
}

�q�个PasswordAdvisor��截获ServiceBean的getPassword()�Ҏ��的返回��|��q�将其改�?***"。��l�修改beans.xml�Q?/p>

				
"
				
						http://www.springframework.org/dtd/spring-beans.dtd
				
				">

				    
        
            
        
        
            
                .*getPassword

				    
        com.crackj2ee.example.spring.ServiceBean
        
        
            
                logAdvisor
                passwordAdvisor

利用Spring提供的一个RegexMethodPointcutAdvisor可以非常�Ҏ��地指定要截获的方法。运行结果如下，可以看到�q�回�l�果变�ؓ"******"�Q?br />

�q�需要��l�增强ServiceBean�Q�我们编写一个ExceptionAdvisor�Q�在业务�Ҏ��抛出异常时能做一些处理：

				/**
 * Copyright_2006, Liao Xuefeng
 * Created on 2006-3-9
 * For more information, please visit: 
				
						http://www.crackj2ee.com
				
				

				 */
package com.crackj2ee.example.spring;

				import org.springframework.aop.ThrowsAdvice;

				public class ExceptionAdvisor implements ThrowsAdvice {
    public void afterThrowing(RuntimeException re) throws Throwable {
        System.out.println("[Exception] " + re.getMessage());
    }
}

��此Advice��d��到beans.xml中，然后在业务Bean中删除一个不存在的用��P��故意抛出异常�Q?/p>

				service.deleteUser("not-exist");

再次�q�行�Q�注意到ExceptionAdvisor记录下了异常�Q?br />

5�Q��ȝ��

利用Spring非常强大的IoC容器和AOP功能�Q�我们能实现非常灉|��的应用，让Spring容器��理业务对象的生命周期，利用AOP增强功能�Q�却不媄响业务接口，从而避免更改客��L��代码�?/p>

��Z��实现�q�一目标�Q�必��d��l�牢讎ͼ�面向接口�~�程。而Spring默认的AOP代理也是通过Java的代理接口实现的。虽然Spring也可以用CGLIB实现�Ҏ��通类的代理，但是�Q�业务对象只要没有接口，��׃��变得难以扩展、维护和��试�?/p>

可以从此处下载完整的Eclipse工程�Q?br />http://www.crackj2ee.com/Article/UploadFiles/200604/SpringBasic.rar

阿成 2006-04-18 17:28 发表评论

Spring学习�W�记(一)依赖注入

阿成 — Thu, 23 Mar 2006 05:46:00 GMT

Spring学习�W�记(一)依赖注入

依赖注入——是Spring最灵魂的设计思想�Q�有��Z��叫做控制反�{�?/div>

1、不��是依赖注入�Q�DI:Dependency Injection�Q�还是控制反转（IoC:Inversion of Control�Q�它的思想是：控制权由应用代码中�{��C��外部

容器�Q�即�l��g之间的依赖关�pȝ��容器在运行期军_��Q��Ş象的来说�Q�即由容器动态的��某�U�依赖关�p�L��入到�l��g之中�?/div>

2、依赖注入的目标�q��Y件系�l�带来更多的功能�Q�而是��Z��提升�l��g重用的概率，带来灉|��性�?/div>

3、�D个例子来说明�q�个问题�?/div>

我曾看到夏昕的《Spring 开发指南》，上面��明这个思想�Q��D了电脑、USB��盘和U盘的例子�Q�感觉还是不太脓切，今天想了个自认�ؓ比较�?/div>

理解的例子：

有两�U�变形金刚的玩具�Q?br />一�U�是固定的，我把它比作原来那�U�控制权由应用代码写�ȝ��E�序
一�U�可以拆开重新装配的，我把它比作用了依赖注入设计思想的程�?/div>

变�Ş金刚的各个部件就象程序的各个�l��g�?br />变�Ş金刚的厂�Ӟ��相对它来说是内部的。就象程序的代码
变�Ş金刚的玩�Ӟ��相对它来说是外部的。就象程序的容器

大家试想一下，固定变�Ş金刚的控制权是不是厂家决定的�Q�外部无能�ؓ�?br />而可拆卸的变形金刚的控制权�{�U�d��了外部的玩家�Q�玩家在玩之前可以重新决定各个组件的�q�接关系

而这�U�组件的�q�接图是不是也很像依赖注入思想里的配置文�g�?/div>

大家再从�q�个例子分析一下依赖注入的目标�?/div>

1)功能变化有限�Q�你变�Ş金刚设计的再好，可变换的东西也不�q�相似的几种�?br />2)真正的目的是提升�l��g重用的概率，带来灉|��性�?br />引用地址 http://spaces.msn.com/pococoon/blog/cns!D25B6032F7AD1992!195.entry

阿成 2006-03-23 13:46 发表评论

Spring学习�W�记(�?Bean

阿成 — Thu, 23 Mar 2006 05:42:00 GMT

Spring使用BeanFactory模式来管理Bean,但Spring中提到的Bean不是标准的意义上的JavaBean(仅包含一个默认的构造函敎ͼ�在属性后面定义相对应的setter和getter�Ҏ��),而是��M��你想让它��理的类�Q�比如连接池、甚至BeanFactory本��n�?

一)Bean的设计常用下面几�U�模�?

1、标准Bean:

使用默认的构造函数和��Z��setter、getter�Ҏ��的依赖注��?

Bean�c�M��码：

java代码:

												

												public
												class ExampleBean {
    private BeanOne beanOne; 
    private BeanTwo beanTwo; 
    privateint count; 
    
    publicvoid setBeanOne(BeanOne beanOne){
        this.beanOne = beanOne; 
    }
    
    publicvoid setBeanTwo(BeanTwo beanTwo){
        this.beanTwo = beanTwo; 
    }
    
    publicvoid setCount(int count){
        this.count = count; 
    }    
}

在配�|�文件中定义�Q?

java代码:

												
class="examples.ExampleBean"> 
     
    1 
 
class="examples.BeanOne"/> 
class="examples.BeanTwo"/>

2、构造函数模�?

自定义的构造函敎ͼ��Z��构造函数参数的依赖注射

Bean�c�M��码：

java代码:

												

												public
												class ExampleBean {
    private BeanOne beanOne; 
    private BeanTwo beanTwo; 
    privateint count; 
    
    public ExampleBean(BeanOne beanOne, BeanTwo beanTwo, int count){
        this.beanOne = beanOne; 
        this.beanTwo = beanTwo; 
        this.count = count; 
    }
}

在配�|�文件中定义�Q?

java代码:

												
class="examples.ExampleBean"> 
     
    1 
 
class="examples.BeanOne"/> 
class="examples.BeanTwo"/>

3、静态工厂方法模�?

静态工厂方法必��L��static的，��Z��Ҏ��参数的依赖注��?

Bean�c�M��码：

java代码:

												

												public
												class ExampleBean {
    private BeanOne beanOne; 
    private BeanTwo beanTwo; 
    privateint count; 
    //构造函数私�?/span>
    private ExampleBean(BeanOne beanOne, BeanTwo beanTwo, int count){
        this.beanOne = beanOne; 
        this.beanTwo = beanTwo; 
        this.count = count; 
    }
    //对外提供静态的�Ҏ��
    publicstatic ExampleBean createInstance(BeanOne beanOne, BeanTwo beanTwo, int count){
        ExampleBean eb = new ExampleBean(beanOne,beanTwo,count); 
        return eb; 
    }
}

在配�|�文件中定义�Q?

java代码:

												
class="examples.ExampleBean" factory-method="createInstance"> 
     
    1 
 
class="examples.BeanOne"/> 
class="examples.BeanTwo"/>

3、实例工厂方法模�?

调用一个已存在的bean�Q�这个bean应该是工厂类型）的工厂方法来创徏新的bean�Q�基于方法参数的依赖注射

该模式没有Bean�c�；

在配�|�文件中定义�Q?

java代码:

												
      factory-bean="myFactoryBean" 
      factory-method="createInstance"/> 

class="examples.ExampleBean" factory-method="createInstance"> 
     
    1 
 
class="examples.BeanOne"/> 
class="examples.BeanTwo"/>

�?Bean其它参数的配�|?

一个常用Bean的配�|�参数和解释

class="" ——该Bean对应的类�Q�前面说到实例工厂方法模式创建的Bean没有�c?
singleton="" ——��gؓtrue或false,标识该Bean是否为单实例模式�Q�如果�ؓfalse则对�q�个bean
的每�ơ请求都会创��Z��个新的bean实例
init-method="" ——向应用层返回引用前执行的初始化�Ҏ��
destroy-method="" ——该Bean的销毁方�?
depends-on=""> ——在Bean加蝲前，首先加蝲的指定资�?
....

�?property(或constructor-arg元素)的配�|?

1、用字符串�Ş式指定常见类型的属性或参数的value��|��JavaBean的PropertyEditor负责�c�d��转化如：

java代码:

												
    com.mysql.jdbc.Driver 
 
    jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/mydb

2、注意null�?"(�I�Z��)的区别，如：

java代码:

												
<null/>

3、list、set、map、以�?props 元素用来定义和设�|�Java对应�c�d��List、Set、Map、和 Properties �Q�如�Q?

java代码:

												
      The xi'an technology university 
      The BeiJing university 
    
      a list element followed by a reference 
       
         just some string 
       
         just some string

4、内部Bean和ref元素引用容器��理的其他bean

一个内部Bean的例子：

java代码:

												
class="com.bean.Conpany"> 
     
        class="com.bean.Person"> 
            Tony 
            51

ref元素引用的例子：

java代码:

												
class="com.bean.Person"> 
    Tony 
    51 
 
class="com.bean.Conpany">

注：元素引用可以是下面三�U�权限：
1)
引用的Bean可以在同一个BeanFactory/ApplicationContext�Q�无论是否在同一个XML文�g中）中，也可以在父BeanFactory/ApplicationContext�?
2)
引用的bean在同一个XML文�g�?
3)
引用的bean必须在当前BeanFactory�Q�ApplicationContext�Q�的父BeanFactory�Q�ApplicationContext�Q�中.

旉��: 2006-3-23 12:58:26 标题: Spring学习�W�记(�?Bean

java代码:

publicclass ExampleBean {
    private BeanOne beanOne; 
    private BeanTwo beanTwo; 
    privateint count; 
    
    publicvoid setBeanOne(BeanOne beanOne){
        this.beanOne = beanOne; 
    }
    
    publicvoid setBeanTwo(BeanTwo beanTwo){
        this.beanTwo = beanTwo; 
    }
    
    publicvoid setCount(int count){
        this.count = count; 
    }    
}

在配�|�文件中定义�Q?

java代码:

class="examples.ExampleBean"> 
     
    1 
 
class="examples.BeanOne"/> 
class="examples.BeanTwo"/>

2、构造函数模�?

自定义的构造函敎ͼ��Z��构造函数参数的依赖注射

Bean�c�M��码：

java代码:

publicclass ExampleBean {
    private BeanOne beanOne; 
    private BeanTwo beanTwo; 
    privateint count; 
    
    public ExampleBean(BeanOne beanOne, BeanTwo beanTwo, int count){
        this.beanOne = beanOne; 
        this.beanTwo = beanTwo; 
        this.count = count; 
    }
}

在配�|�文件中定义�Q?

java代码:

class="examples.ExampleBean"> 
     
    1 
 
class="examples.BeanOne"/> 
class="examples.BeanTwo"/>

3、静态工厂方法模�?

静态工厂方法必��L��static的，��Z��Ҏ��参数的依赖注��?

Bean�c�M��码：

java代码:

publicclass ExampleBean {
    private BeanOne beanOne; 
    private BeanTwo beanTwo; 
    privateint count; 
    //构造函数私�?/span>
    private ExampleBean(BeanOne beanOne, BeanTwo beanTwo, int count){
        this.beanOne = beanOne; 
        this.beanTwo = beanTwo; 
        this.count = count; 
    }
    //对外提供静态的�Ҏ��
    publicstatic ExampleBean createInstance(BeanOne beanOne, BeanTwo beanTwo, int count){
        ExampleBean eb = new ExampleBean(beanOne,beanTwo,count); 
        return eb; 
    }
}

在配�|�文件中定义�Q?

java代码:

class="examples.ExampleBean" factory-method="createInstance"> 
     
    1 
 
class="examples.BeanOne"/> 
class="examples.BeanTwo"/>

java代码:

      factory-bean="myFactoryBean" 
      factory-method="createInstance"/> 

class="examples.ExampleBean" factory-method="createInstance"> 
     
    1 
 
class="examples.BeanOne"/> 
class="examples.BeanTwo"/>

java代码:

 
    com.mysql.jdbc.Driver 
 
    jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/mydb

2、注意null�?"(�I�Z��)的区别，如：

java代码:

 
<null/> 

3、list、set、map、以�?props 元素用来定义和设�|�Java对应�c�d��List、Set、Map、和 Properties �Q�如�Q?

java代码:

 
      The xi'an technology university 
      The BeiJing university 
    
      a list element followed by a reference 
       
         just some string 
       
         just some string

4、内部Bean和ref元素引用容器��理的其他bean

一个内部Bean的例子：

java代码:

												
class="com.bean.Conpany"> 
     
        class="com.bean.Person"> 
            Tony 
            51

ref元素引用的例子：

java代码:

												
class="com.bean.Person"> 
    Tony 
    51 
 
class="com.bean.Conpany">

阿成 2006-03-23 13:42 发表评论

Spring AOP中文教程

阿成 — Thu, 09 Mar 2006 13:32:00 GMT

�q�是在网上发现的一��关于Spring AOP�~�程的教�E�，��d��q�篇文章后，Spring AOP不再难以理解�Q�因此我把它译成中文�Q�推荐给Spring AOP的初学者。这是译文的链接 �?

AOP正在成�ؓ软�g开发的下一个圣杯。��用AOP�Q�你可以��处理aspect的代码注入主�E�序�Q�通常�ȝ��序的主要目的�q�不在于处理�q�些aspect。AOP可以防止代码混�ؕ�?
��Z��理解AOP如何做到�q�点�Q�考虑一下记日志的工作。日志本�w�不太可能是你开发的�ȝ��序的主要��d��。如果能��“不可见的”、通用的日志代码注入主�E�序中，那该多好啊。AOP可以帮助你做到�?
Spring framework是很有前途的AOP技术。作��Z��U�非�늕�性的�Q�轻型的AOP framework�Q�你无需使用预编译器或其他的元标�{�，便可以在Java�E�序中��用它。这意味着开发团队里只需一��对付AOP framework�Q�其他�h�q�是象往�怸��L��E��?
AOP是很多直觉难以理解的术语的根源。幸�q�的是，你只要理解三个概念，��可以编写AOP模块。这三个概念是：advice�Q�pointcut和advisor。advice是你惛_��别的�E�序内部不同的地�Ҏ��入的代码。pointcut定义了需要注入advice的位�|�，通常是某个特定的�cȝ��一个public�Ҏ��。advisor是pointcut和advice的装配器�Q�是��advice注入�ȝ��序中预定义位�|�的代码�?

既然我们知道了需要��用advisor向主要代码中注入“不可见的”advice�Q�让我们实现一个Spring AOP的例子。在�q�个例子中，我们��实��C��个before advice�Q�这意味着advice的代码在被调用的public�Ҏ��开始前被执行。以下是�q�个before advice的实��C��码：

代码:

package com.company.springaop.test;

import java.lang.reflect.Method;
import org.springframework.aop.MethodBeforeAdvice;

public class TestBeforeAdvice implements MethodBeforeAdvice {

public void before(Method m, Object[] args, Object target)
throws Throwable {
System.out.println("Hello world! (by "
+ this.getClass().getName()
+ ")");
}
}

接口MethodBeforeAdvice只有一个方法before需要实玎ͼ�它定义了advice的实现。before�Ҏ��q��三个参数�Q�它们提供了相当丰富的信息。参数Method m是advice开始后执行的方法。方法名�U�可以用作判断是否执行代码的条�g。Object[] args是传�l�被调用的public�Ҏ��的参数数�l�。当需要记日志�Ӟ��参数args和被执行�Ҏ��的名�U�ͼ�都是非常有用的信息。你也可以改变传�l�m的参敎ͼ�但要��心使用�q�个功能�Q�编写最初主�E�序的程序员�q�不知道�ȝ��序可能会和传入参数的发生冲突。Object target是执行方法m对象的引用�?

在下面的BeanImpl�c�M��Q�每个public�Ҏ��调用前，都会执行advice�Q?

代码:

package com.company.springaop.test;

public class BeanImpl implements Bean {

public void theMethod() {
System.out.println(this.getClass().getName()
+ "." + new Exception().getStackTrace()[0].getMethodName()
+ "()"
+ " says HELLO!");
}
}

�c�BeanImpl实现了下面的接口Bean�Q?

代码:

package com.company.springaop.test;

public interface Bean {
public void theMethod();
}

虽然不是必须使用接口�Q�但面向接口而不是面向实现编�E�是良好的编�E�实践，Spring也鼓��p��样做�?

pointcut和advice通过配置文�g来实玎ͼ�因此�Q�接下来你只需�~�写��L��法的Java代码�Q?

代码:

package com.company.springaop.test;

import org.springframework.context.ApplicationContext;
import org.springframework.context.support.FileSystemXmlApplicationContext;

public class Main {

public static void main(String[] args) {
//Read the configuration file
ApplicationContext ctx
= new FileSystemXmlApplicationContext("springconfig.xml");

//Instantiate an object
Bean x = (Bean) ctx.getBean("bean");

//Execute the public method of the bean (the test)
x.theMethod();
}
}

我们从读入和处理配置文�g开始，接下来马上要创徏它。这个配�|�文件将作�ؓ�_�合�E�序不同部分的“胶水”。读入和处理配置文�g后，我们会得��C��个创建工厂ctx。�Q何一个Spring��理的对象都必须通过�q�个工厂来创建。对象通过工厂创徏后便可正�怋�用�?

仅仅用配�|�文件便可把�E�序的每一部分�l�装��h��?

代码:

com.company.springaop.test.Bean

theAdvisor

com\.company\.springaop\.test\.Bean\.theMethod

四个bean定义的次序�ƈ不重要。我们现在有了一个advice�Q�一个包含了正则表达式pointcut的advisor�Q�一个主�E�序�c�d��一个配�|�好的接口，通过工厂ctx�Q�这个接口返回自己本�w�实现的一个引用�?

BeanImpl和TestBeforeAdvice都是直接配置。我们用一个唯一的ID创徏一个bean元素�Q��ƈ指定了一个实现类。这��是全部的工作�?

advisor通过Spring framework提供的一个RegexMethodPointcutAdvisor�c�L��实现。我们用advisor的一个属性来指定它所需的advice-bean。第二个属性则用正则表辑ּ�定义了pointcut�Q�确保良好的性能和易��L��?

最后配�|�的是bean�Q�它可以通过一个工厂来创徏。bean的定义看��h��比实际上要复杂。bean是ProxyFactoryBean的一个实玎ͼ�它是Spring framework的一部分。这个bean的行为通过一下的三个属性来定义�Q?

属性proxyInterface定义了接口类�?
属性target指向本地配置的一个bean�Q�这个bean�q�回一个接口的实现�?
属性interceptorNames是唯一允许定义一个值列表的属性。这个列表包含所有需要在beanTarget上执行的advisor。注意，advisor列表的次序是非常重要的�?

Spring工具

虽然你可以手工修改Ant构徏脚本�Q�但使用SpringUI�Q�译注：SpringUI现在是Spring framework的一部分�Q��ƈ改名为spring-ide�Q�，使用Spring AOP变得很简单，只要点点鼠标卛_��。你可以把SpringUI安装成Eclipse的一个plug-in。然后，你只需在你的project上右击鼠标，�q��择“add Spring Project Nature”。在project属性中�Q�你可以在“Spring Project”下��d��Spring配置文�g。在�~�译前把下面的类库加入project�Q�aopalliance.jar�Q�commons-logging.jar�Q�jakarta-oro-2.0.7.jar和spring.jar。运行程序时你会看到下面的信息：

... (logging information)
Hello world! (by com.company.springaop.test.TestBeforeAdvice)
com.company.springaop.test.BeanImpl.theMethod() says HELLO!

优点和缺�?/span>

Spring比�v其他的framework更有优势�Q�因为除了AOP以外�Q�它提供了更多别的功能。作��Z��个轻型framework�Q�它在J2EE不同的部分都可以发挥作用。因此，即��不想使用Spring AOP�Q�你可能�q�是想��用Spring。另一个优�Ҏ��Q�Spring�q�不要求开发团队所有的人员都会用它。学习Spring应该从Spring reference的第一��开始。读了本文后�Q�你应该可以更好地理解Spring reference了。Spring唯一的缺�Ҏ��~�Z��更多的文档，但它的mailing list是个很好的补充，而且会不断地出现更多的文档�?/span>

阿成 2006-03-09 21:32 发表评论

关于OpenSessionInViewFilter

阿成 — Thu, 09 Mar 2006 00:52:00 GMT

转自�Q�Potain 的BLOG

OpenSessionInView

Created by potian. Last edited by admin 61 days ago. Viewed 181 times.

[edit] [attach]

Hibernate的Lazy初始�?:n关系�Ӟ��你必��M��证是在同一个Session内部使用�q�个关系集合�Q�不然Hiernate��抛��Z��外�?

另外�Q�你不愿意你的DAO��试代码每次都打开关系Session�Q�因此，我们一般会采用OpenSessionInView模式�?

OpenSessionInViewFilter解决Web应用�E�序的问�?

如果�E�序是在正常的Web�E�序中运行，那么Spring�?b style="color: black; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 102);">OpenSessionInViewFilter能够解决问题�Q�它�Q?

protected void doFilterInternal(HttpServletRequest request, 
             HttpServletResponse response,
           FilterChain filterChain) throws ServletException, IOException {
      SessionFactory sessionFactory = lookupSessionFactory();
      logger.debug("Opening Hibernate Session in OpenSessionInViewFilter");
      Session session = getSession(sessionFactory);
      TransactionSynchronizationManager.bindResource(sessionFactory, 
             new SessionHolder(session));
      try {
            filterChain.doFilter(request, response);
      }
      finally {
            TransactionSynchronizationManager.unbindResource(sessionFactory);
            logger.debug("Closing Hibernate Session in OpenSessionInViewFilter");
            closeSession(session, sessionFactory);
      }
}

可以看到�Q�这个Filter在request开始之前，把sessionFactory�l�定到TransactionSynchronizationManager�Q�和�q�个SessionHolder相关。这个意味着所有request执行�q�程中将使用�q�个session。而在��h��l�束后，��和�q�个sessionFactory对应的session解绑�Q��ƈ且关闭Session�?

��Z��么绑定以后，��可以防止每�ơ不会新开一个Session呢？看看HibernateDaoSupport的情况：

publicfinal void setSessionFactory(SessionFactory sessionFactory) {
    this.hibernateTemplate = new HibernateTemplate(sessionFactory);
  }
 protectedfinal HibernateTemplate getHibernateTemplate() {
  return hibernateTemplate;
 }

我们的DAO��用这个template�q�行操作�Q?

publicabstract class BaseHibernateObjectDao
      extends HibernateDaoSupport
      implements BaseObjectDao {
            
      protected BaseEntityObject getByClassId(finallong id) {
            BaseEntityObject obj =
                  (BaseEntityObject) getHibernateTemplate()
                        .execute(new HibernateCallback() {
            
                  publicObject doInHibernate(Session session)
                        throws HibernateException {
                        return session.get(getPersistentClass(), 
                                       newLong(id));
                  }
            
            });
            return obj;
      }
            
      public void save(BaseEntityObject entity) {
            getHibernateTemplate().saveOrUpdate(entity);
      }
            
      public void remove(BaseEntityObject entity) {
            try {
            
                  getHibernateTemplate().delete(entity);
            } catch (Exception e) {
                  thrownew FlexEnterpriseDataAccessException(e);
            }
      }
            
      public void refresh(final BaseEntityObject entity) {
            getHibernateTemplate().execute(new HibernateCallback() {
            
                  publicObject doInHibernate(Session session)
                        throws HibernateException {
                        session.refresh(entity);
                        returnnull;
                  }
            
            });
      }
      public void replicate(finalObject entity) {
            getHibernateTemplate().execute(new HibernateCallback() {
            
                  publicObject doInHibernate(Session session)
                        throws HibernateException {
                        session.replicate(entity, 
                                ReplicationMode.OVERWRITE);
                        returnnull;
                  }
            
            });
      }

而HibernateTemplate试图每次在execute之前去获得Session�Q�执行完��力争关闭Session

publicObject execute(HibernateCallback action) throws DataAccessException {
      Session session = (!this.allowCreate ?
            SessionFactoryUtils.getSession(getSessionFactory(), 
                  false) :
            SessionFactoryUtils.getSession(getSessionFactory(),
                  getEntityInterceptor(),
                  getJdbcExceptionTranslator()));
      boolean existingTransaction =  
          TransactionSynchronizationManager.hasResource(getSessionFactory());
      if (!existingTransaction && getFlushMode() == FLUSH_NEVER) {
            session.setFlushMode(FlushMode.NEVER);
      }
      try {
            Object result = action.doInHibernate(session);
            flushIfNecessary(session, existingTransaction);
            return result;
      }
      catch (HibernateException ex) {
            throw convertHibernateAccessException(ex);
      }
      catch (SQLException ex) {
            throw convertJdbcAccessException(ex);
      }
      catch (RuntimeException ex) {
            // callback code threw application exception
            throw ex;
      }
      finally {
            SessionFactoryUtils.closeSessionIfNecessary(
                    session, getSessionFactory());
      }
}

而这个SessionFactoryUtils能否得到当前的session以及closeSessionIfNecessary是否真正关闭session�Q�端取决于这个session是否用sessionHolder和这个sessionFactory在我们最开始提到的TransactionSynchronizationManager�l�定�?

publicstatic void closeSessionIfNecessary(Session session, 
    SessionFactory sessionFactory)   
    throws CleanupFailureDataAccessException {
      if (session == null || 
         TransactionSynchronizationManager.hasResource(sessionFactory)) {
            return;
      }
      logger.debug("Closing Hibernate session");
      try {
            session.close();
      }
      catch (JDBCException ex) {
            // SQLException underneath
            thrownew CleanupFailureDataAccessException(
            "Cannot close Hibernate session", ex.getSQLException());
      }
      catch (HibernateException ex) {
            thrownew CleanupFailureDataAccessException(
            "Cannot close Hibernate session", ex);
      }
}

HibernateInterceptor和OpenSessionInViewInterceptor的问�?

使用同样的方法，�q�两个Interceptor可以用来解决问题。但是关键的不同之处在于�Q�它们的力度只能定义在DAO或业务方法上�Q�而不是在我们的Test�Ҏ��上，除非我们把它们应用到TestCase的方法上�Q�但你不大可能�ؓTestCase��d��义一个接口，然后把Interceptor应用到这个接口的某些�Ҏ��上。直接��用HibernateTransactionManager也是一��L��。因此，如果我们有这��L��试�Q?

Category parentCategory  = new Category ();
      parentCategory.setName("parent");
      dao.save(parentCategory);
                  Category childCategory  = new Category();
        childCategory.setName("child");
            
      parentCategory.addChild(childCategory);
      dao.save(childCategory);
      Category savedParent = dao.getCategory("parent");
      Category savedChild = (Category ) savedParent.getChildren().get(0);
      assertEquals(savedChild, childCategory);

��意味着两�g事情�Q?

每次DAO执行都会启动一个session和关闭一个session
如果我们定义了一个lazy的关�p�，那么最后的Category savedChild = (Category ) savedParent.getChildren().get(0);��会让hibernate报错�?

解决�Ҏ��

一�U�方法是对TestCase应用Interceptor或者TransactionManager�Q�但�q�个恐怕会造成很多�ȝ��。除非是使用增强方式的AOP.我前期采用这�U�方�?Aspectwerkz)�Q�在Eclipse里面也跑得含好�?

另一�U�方法是在TestCase的setup和teardown里面实现和Filter完全一��L��处理�Q�其他的TestCase都从�q�个TestCase�l�承�Q�这�U�方法是我目前所使用的�?

转自�Q�Karl Baum's Weblog

Karl Baum's Weblog

All | General | Java

Thursday July 08, 2004
Lazy Initialization and the DAO pattern with Hibernate and Spring

Hibernate and Lazy Initialization

Hibernate object relational mapping offers both lazy and non-lazy modes of object initialization. Non-lazy initialization retrieves an object and all of its related objects at load time. This can result in hundreds if not thousands of select statements when retrieving one entity. The problem is compounded when bi-directional relationships are used, often causing entire databases to be loaded during the initial request. Of course one could tediously examine each object relationship and manually remove those most costly, but in the end, we may be losing the ease of use benefit sought in using the ORM tool.

The obvious solution is to employ the lazy loading mechanism provided by hibernate. This initialization strategy only loads an object's one-to-many and many-to-many relationships when these fields are accessed. The scenario is practically transparent to the developer and a minimum amount of database requests are made, resulting in major performance gains. One drawback to this technique is that lazy loading requires the Hibernate session to remain open while the data object is in use. This causes a major problem when trying to abstract the persistence layer via the Data Access Object pattern. In order to fully abstract the persistence mechanism, all database logic, including opening and closing sessions, must not be performed in the application layer. Most often, this logic is concealed behind the DAO implementation classes which implement interface stubs. The quick and dirty solution is to forget the DAO pattern and include database connection logic in the application layer. This works for small applications but in large systems this can prove to be a major design flaw, hindering application extensibility.

Being Lazy in the Web Layer

Fortunately for us, the Spring Framework has developed an out of box web solution for using the DAO pattern in combination with Hibernate lazy loading. For anyone not familiar with using the Spring Framework in combination with Hibernate, I will not go into the details here, but I encourage you to read Hibernate Data Access with the Spring Framework. In the case of a web application, Spring comes with both the OpenSessionInViewFilter and the OpenSessionInViewInterceptor. One can use either one interchangeably as both serve the same function. The only difference between the two is the interceptor runs within the Spring container and is configured within the web application context while the Filter runs in front of Spring and is configured within the web.xml. Regardless of which one is used, they both open the hibernate session during the request binding this session to the current thread. Once bound to the thread, the open hibernate session can transparently be used within the DAO implementation classes. The session will remain open for the view allowing lazy access the database value objects. Once the view logic is complete, the hibernate session is closed either in the Filter doFilter method or the Interceptor postHandle method. Below is an example of the configuration of each component:

Interceptor Configuration

class="org.springframework.web.servlet.handler.SimpleUrlHandlerMapping">

...

...
class="org.springframework.orm.hibernate.support.OpenSessionInViewInterceptor">

Filter Configuration

...

hibernateFilter

org.springframework.orm.hibernate.support.OpenSessionInViewFilter

...

hibernateFilter
*.spring

...

Implementing the Hibernate DAO's to use the open session is simple. In fact, if you are already using the Spring Framework to implement your Hibernate DAO's, most likely you will not have to change a thing. The DAO's must access Hibernate through the convenient HibernateTemplate utility, which makes database access a piece of cake. Below is an example DAO.

Example DAO

public class HibernateProductDAO extends HibernateDaoSupport implements ProductDAO {

public Product getProduct(Integer productId) {
return (Product)getHibernateTemplate().load(Product.class, productId);
}

public Integer saveProduct(Product product) {
return (Integer) getHibernateTemplate().save(product);
}

public void updateProduct(Product product) {
getHibernateTemplate().update(product);
}
}
Being Lazy in the Business Layer

Even outside the view, the Spring Framework makes it easy to use lazy load initialization, through the AOP interceptor HibernateInterceptor. The hibernate interceptor transparently intercepts calls to any business object configured in the Spring application context, opening a hibernate session before the call, and closing the session afterward. Let's run through a quick example. Suppose we have an interface BusinessObject:

public interface BusinessObject {
public void doSomethingThatInvolvesDaos();
}
The class BusinessObjectImpl implements BusinessObject:

public class BusinessObjectImpl implements BusinessObject {
public void doSomethingThatInvolvesDaos() {
// lots of logic that calls
// DAO classes Which access
// data objects lazily
}
}
Through some configurations in the Spring application context, we can instruct the HibernateInterceptor to intercept calls to the BusinessObjectImpl allowing it's methods to lazily access data objects. Take a look at the fragment below:

com.acompany.BusinessObject

hibernateInterceptor

When the businessObject bean is referenced, the HibernateInterceptor opens a hibernate session and passes the call onto the BusinessObjectImpl. When the BusinessObjectImpl has finished executing, the HibernateInterceptor transparently closes the session. The application code has no knowledge of any persistence logic, yet it is still able to lazily access data objects.

Being Lazy in your Unit Tests

Last but not least, we'll need the ability to test our lazy application from J-Unit. This is easily done by overriding the setUp and tearDown methods of the TestCase class. I prefer to keep this code in a convenient abstract TestCase class for all of my tests to extend.

public abstract class MyLazyTestCase extends TestCase {

private SessionFactory sessionFactory;
private Session session;

public void setUp() throws Exception {
super.setUp();
SessionFactory sessionFactory = (SessionFactory) getBean("sessionFactory");
session = SessionFactoryUtils.getSession(sessionFactory, true);
Session s = sessionFactory.openSession();
TransactionSynchronizationManager.bindResource(sessionFactory, new SessionHolder(s));

}

protected Object getBean(String beanName) {
//Code to get objects from Spring application context
}

public void tearDown() throws Exception {
super.tearDown();
SessionHolder holder = (SessionHolder) TransactionSynchronizationManager.getResource(sessionFactory);
Session s = holder.getSession();
s.flush();
TransactionSynchronizationManager.unbindResource(sessionFactory);
SessionFactoryUtils.closeSessionIfNecessary(s, sessionFactory);
}
}

( Jul 08 2004, 09:39:55 AM EDT ) Permalink Comments [2]

Trackback URL: http://jroller.com/trackback/kbaum/Weblog/orm_lazy_initialization_with_dao
Comments:

A few things to keep in the back of your mind if you take this approach; 1. If any errors occur while attempting to lazy load relationships in the view (JSP) it would be hard to present a nice error to the user. 2. This would result in at least 2 hibernate sessions (db connections being open for any one request), so you might want to up the number of connections available. Cheers, Dan
Posted by Dan Washusen on July 08, 2004 at 09:02 PM EDT #

I am a little confused on why it would be difficult to show a nice error jsp. Couldn't we just use the provided servlet container error page mechanisms? In regards to the 2 hibernate sessions being opened. Are you saying that the OpenSessionInViewInterceptor would be run twice if an exception was thrown? Thanks for your feedback!

阿成 2006-03-09 08:52 发表评论

Spring �~�程入门十大问题解答

阿成 — Fri, 10 Feb 2006 02:46:00 GMT

spring下蝲包中doc目录下的MVC-step-by-step和sample目录下的例子都是比较好的spring开发的例子.

　1、如何学习Spring�Q?br />
　　你可以通过下列途径学习spring�Q?br />
　　(1) spring下蝲包中doc目录下的MVC-step-by-step和sample目录下的例子都是比较好的spring开发的例子�?

　　(2) AppFuse集成了目前最��行的几个开源轻量��框架或者工�?Ant,XDoclet,Spring,Hibernate(iBATIS),JUnit,Cactus,StrutsTestCase,Canoo's WebTest,Struts Menu,Display Tag Library,OSCache,JSTL,Struts �?br />
　　你可以通过AppFuse源代码来学习spring�?br />
AppFuse�|�站�Q?a target="_blank">http://raibledesigns.com/wiki/Wiki.jsp?page=AppFuse

　　(3)Spring 开发指�?夏昕)�Q?a target="_blank">http://www.xiaxin.net/Spring_Dev_Guide.rar�Q?/font>

　　一本spring的入门书�c?里面介绍了反转控制和依赖注射的概念，以及spring的bean��理�Q�spring的MVC�Q�spring和hibernte�Q�iBatis的结合�?br />
　　(4) spring学习的中文论�?br />
　　SpringFramework中文论坛(http://spring.jactiongroup.net)

　　Java视线论坛(http://forum.javaeye.com)的spring栏目

　　2、利用Spring框架�~�程�Q�console打印出log4j:WARN Please initialize the log4j system properly�Q?br />
　　说明你的log4j.properties没有配置。请把log4j.properties攑ֈ�工程的classpath中，eclipse的classpath为bin目录�Q�由于编译后src目录下的文�g会拷贝到bin目录下，所以你可以把log4j.properties攑ֈ�src目录下�?br />
　　�q�里�l�出一个log4j.properties的例子：

log4j.rootLogger=DEBUG,stdout
log4j.appender.stdout=org.apache.log4j.ConsoleAppender
log4j.appender.stdout.layout=org.apache.log4j.PatternLayout
log4j.appender.stdout.layout.ConversionPattern=%d %5p (%F:%L) - %m%n

　　3、出�?java.lang.NoClassDefFoundError?

　　一般情况下是由于你没有把必要的jar包放到lib中�?br />
　　比如你要采用spring和hibernate�Q�带事务支持的话�Q�，你除了spring.jar外还需要hibernat.jar、aopalliance.jar、cglig.jar、jakarta-commons下的几个jar包�?br />
http://www.springframework.org/download.html下蝲spring开发包�Q�提供两�U�zip�?br />spring-framework-1.1.3-with-dependencies.zip和spring-framework-1.1.3.zip�Q�我��你下载spring-framework-1.1.3-with-dependencies.zip。这个zip解压�~�后比后者多一个lib目录�Q�其中有hibernate、j2ee、dom4j、aopalliance、jakarta-commons�{�常用包�?br />
　　4、java.io.FileNotFoundException: Could not open class path resource [....hbm.xml],提示找不到xml文�g�Q?br />
　　原因一般有两个�Q?br />
　　(1)该xml文�g没有在classpath中�?

　　(2)applicationContext-hibernate.xml中的xml名字没有带包名。比如：

�Q�bean id="sessionFactory" class="org.springframework.orm.hibernate.LocalSessionFactoryBean"�Q?br />�Q�property name="dataSource"�Q�＜ref bean="dataSource"/�Q�＜/property�Q?br />�Q�property name="mappingResources"�Q?br />　�Q�list�Q?br />　　�Q�value�Q�User.hbm.xml�Q?value�Q?br />　　错，改�ؓ�Q?
　　�Q�value�Q�com/yz/spring/domain/User.hbm.xml�Q?value�Q?br />　�Q?list�Q?br />�Q?property�Q?br />�Q�property name="hibernateProperties"�Q?br />�Q�props�Q?
　�Q�prop key="hibernate.dialect"�Q?net.sf.hibernate.dialect.MySQLDialect �Q?prop�Q?
　�Q�prop key="hibernate.show_sql"�Q�true�Q?prop�Q?
�Q?props�Q?
�Q?property�Q?br />�Q?bean�Q?/td>

　　5、org.springframework.beans.NotWritablePropertyException: Invalid property 'postDao' of bean class�Q?br />
　　出现异常的原因是在application-xxx.xml中property name的错误�?br />
　　�Q�property name="...."�Q?中name的名字是与bean的set�Ҏ��相关的，而且要注意大��写�?br />
　　比如

public class PostManageImpl extends BaseManage implements PostManage {
　private PostDAO dao = null;
　public void setPostDAO(PostDAO postDAO){
　　this.dao = postDAO;
　}
}

　　那么xml的定义应该是�Q?br />

�Q�bean id="postManage" parent="txProxyTemplate"�Q?br />�Q�property name="target"�Q?br />　�Q�bean class="com.yz.spring.service.implement.PostManageImpl"�Q?br />　　�Q�property name="postDAO"�Q�＜ref bean="postDAO"/�Q�＜/property�Q?�?br />　　�Q�property name="dao"�Q�＜ref bean="postDAO"/�Q�＜/property�Q?�?br />　�Q?bean�Q?br />�Q?property�Q?br />�Q?bean�Q?/td>

　　6、Spring中如何实��C��务管理？

　　首先�Q�如果��用mysql�Q�确定mysql为InnoDB�c�d��?br />
　　事务��理的控制应该放到商业逻辑层。你可以写个处理商业逻辑的JavaBean�Q�在该JavaBean中调用DAO�Q�然后把该Bean的方法纳入spring的事务管理�?br />
　　比如�Q�xml文�g定义如下�Q?br />

�Q�bean id="txProxyTemplate" abstract="true"
class="org.springframework.transaction.interceptor.TransactionProxyFactoryBean"�Q?br />�Q�property name="transactionManager"�Q�＜ref bean="transactionManager"/�Q�＜/property�Q?br />�Q�property name="transactionAttributes"�Q?br />�Q�props�Q?br />�Q�prop key="save*"�Q�PROPAGATION_REQUIRED�Q?prop�Q?br />�Q�prop key="remove*"�Q�PROPAGATION_REQUIRED�Q?prop�Q?br />�Q�prop key="*"�Q�PROPAGATION_REQUIRED�Q?prop�Q?br />�Q?props�Q?br />�Q?property�Q?br />�Q?bean�Q?br />
�Q�bean id="userManage" parent="txProxyTemplate"�Q?br />　�Q�property name="target"�Q?br />　　�Q�bean class="com.yz.spring.service.implement.UserManageImpl"�Q?br />　　　�Q�property name="userDAO"�Q�＜ref bean="userDAO"/�Q�＜/property�Q?br />　　�Q?bean�Q?br />　�Q?property�Q?br />�Q?bean�Q?/td>

　　com.yz.spring.service.implement.UserManageImpl��是我们的实现商业逻辑的JavaBean。我们通过parent元素声明其事务支持�?br />
　　7、如何管理Spring框架下更多的JavaBean�Q?br />
　　JavaBean��多�Q�spring配置文�g��p��大，�q�样不易�l�护。�ؓ了��配置清晰�Q�我们可以将JavaBean分类��理�Q�放在不同的配置文�g中�?应用启动时将所有的xml同时加蝲�?br />
　　比如�Q?br />
　　DAO层的JavaBean攑ֈ�applicationContext-hibernate.xml中，商业逻辑层的JavaBean攑ֈ�applicationContext-service.xml中。然后启动类中调用以下代码蝲入所有的ApplicationContext�?br />

String[] paths = {"com/yz/spring/dao/hibernate/applicationContext-hibernate.xml",
"com/yz/spring/service/applicationContext-service.xml"};
ctx = new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext(paths);

　　8、web应用中如何加载ApplicationContext�Q?br />
　　可以通过定义web.xml�Q�由web容器自动加蝲�?br />

�Q�servlet�Q?br />�Q�servlet-name�Q�context�Q?servlet-name�Q?br />�Q�servlet-class�Q�org.springframework.web.context.ContextLoaderServlet�Q?servlet-class�Q?br />�Q�load-on-startup�Q?�Q?load-on-startup�Q?br />�Q?servlet�Q?br />
�Q�context-param�Q?br />�Q�param-name�Q�contextConfigLocation�Q?param-name�Q?br />�Q�param-value�Q?WEB-INF/applicationContext-hibernate.xml�Q?param-value�Q?br />�Q�param-value�Q?WEB-INF/applicationContext-service.xml�Q?param-value�Q?br />�Q?context-param�Q?/td>

　　9、在spring中如何配�|�的log4j?

　　在web.xml中加入以下代码即可�?br />

�Q�context-param�Q?br />�Q�param-name�Q�log4jConfigLocation�Q?param-name�Q?br />�Q�param-value�Q?WEB-INF/log4j.properties�Q?param-value�Q?br />�Q?context-param�Q?/td>

　　10、Spring框架入门的编�E�问题解决了�Q�我该如何更深地领会Spring框架呢？

　　�q�两本书你该�ȝ��看。这两本书是由Spring的作者Rod Johnson�~�写的�?br />

Expert One on one J2EE Design and Development
Expert One on one J2EE Development Without EJB

　　你也该看看martinfowler的Inversion of Control Containers and the Dependency Injection pattern�?br />

http://www.martinfowler.com/articles/injection.html

　
　　再好好研��M��下spring的文档�?br />

http://www.jactiongroup.net/reference/html/index.html�Q�中文版�Q�未全部��译�Q?/td>

　　�q�有��是多实践吧�?img src ="http://www.tkk7.com/ltc603/aggbug/30103.html" width = "1" height = "1" />

阿成 2006-02-10 10:46 发表评论

使用Spring邮�g抽象层发送简单邮�?

阿成 — Thu, 12 Jan 2006 07:14:00 GMT

Spring提供了一个发送电子邮件的高��抽象层，它向用户屏蔽了底层邮件系�l�的一些细节，同时负责低层�ơ的代表客户端的资源处理。Spring邮�g抽象层的主要包�ؓorg.springframework.mail。它包括了发送电子邮件的主要接口MailSender�?��装了简单邮件的属性如from, to,cc, subject, text的值对象叫做SimpleMailMessage�?

　　1、我们定义一个发送邮件的接口:OrderManager.java

1 public interface OrderManager extends BaseManager{
2 　/**
3 　*email,要发送的邮�g地址;
4 　*Code:�Ȁ�zȝ��
5 　*/
6 　public void placeOrder(String email);
7 }

　　2、我们需要对该接口进行实现的�Ҏ��:OrderManagerImpl.java

1 import javax.mail.Message;
2 import javax.mail.MessagingException;
3 import javax.mail.internet.InternetAddress;
4 import javax.mail.internet.MimeMessage;
5 import org.springframework.mail.MailException;
6 import org.springframework.mail.javamail.JavaMailSender;
7 import org.springframework.mail.javamail.MimeMessagePreparator;
8 import service.OrderManager;
9
11 public class OrderManagerImpl extends BaseManagerImpl implements OrderManager {
12
13　 private JavaMailSender mailsender;
14　 private MyMailMessage message;
15
16
17　 public void setMessage(CityMailMessage message)
18　 {
19　　 this.message = message;
20　 }
21　 public void setMailsender(JavaMailSender mailsender) {
22　　 this.mailsender = mailsender;
23　 }
24　 public void placeOrder(final String email) {
25
26
27　　 MimeMessagePreparator preparator = new MimeMessagePreparator() {
28　　 public void prepare(MimeMessage mimeMessage) throws MessagingException {
29　　　 mimeMessage.setRecipient(Message.RecipientType.TO,
30　　　 new InternetAddress(email));
31　　　 mimeMessage.setFrom(new InternetAddress(message.getFrom()));
32　　　 /**转换�~�码为GBK*/
33　　　 mimeMessage.setSubject(message.getSubject(),"GBK");
36　　　 mimeMessage.setText(email+"�Q�br�Q?+message.getSubject()+message.getText(),"GBK");
37
38　　 }
39　 };
40　 try{
41　　 mailsender.send(preparator);
42　 }
43　 catch(MailException ex) {
44　　 //log it and go on
45　　 System.err.println(ex.getMessage());
46　 }
47 }
48 }

　　3、spring配置发送email的applicationContext-email.xml

1 �Q?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?�Q?br />2 �Q?DOCTYPE beans PUBLIC "-//SPRING//DTD BEAN//EN"
3 "http://www.springframework.org/dtd/spring-beans.dtd"�Q?br />4
5 �Q�beans�Q?br />6 　�Q�bean id="mailSender" class="org.springframework.mail.javamail.JavaMailSenderImpl"�Q?br />7 　�Q�property name="host"�Q?br />8 　　�Q�value�Q�smtp.163.com�Q?value�Q?br />9 　�Q?property�Q?br />10　�Q�property name="username"�Q?br />11　　�Q�value�Q�username�Q?value�Q?br />12　�Q?property�Q?br />13　�Q�property name="password"�Q?br />14 　�Q�value�Q�password�Q?value�Q?br />15　�Q?property�Q?br />16 �Q�property name="javaMailProperties"�Q?br />17 　�Q�props�Q?br />18 　　�Q�prop key="mail.smtp.auth"�Q�true�Q?prop�Q?br />19 　　�Q�prop key="mail.smtp.timeout"�Q?5000�Q?prop�Q?br />20 　�Q?props�Q?br />21 �Q?property�Q?br />22 �Q?bean�Q?br />23
24 �Q�bean id="mailMessage" class="org.springframework.mail.SimpleMailMessage"�Q?br />25 　�Q�property name="from"�Q?br />26 　　�Q�value�Q�Email�Q?value�Q?br />27 　�Q?property�Q?br />28 　�Q�property name="subject"�Q?br />29 　　�Q�value�Q�标题＜/value�Q?br />30 　�Q?property�Q?br />31 　�Q�property name="text"�Q?br />32 　　�Q�value�Q�内容＜/value�Q?br />33 　�Q?property�Q?br />46 �Q?bean�Q?br />47
48 �Q�bean id="orderManager" class="cn.cityyouth.service.impl.OrderManagerImpl"�Q?br />49 　�Q�property name="mailsender"�Q?br />50 　　�Q�ref bean="mailSender" /�Q?br />51 　�Q?property�Q?br />52 　�Q�property name="message"�Q?br />53 　　�Q�ref bean="mailMessage" /�Q?br />54 　�Q?property�Q?br />55 �Q?bean�Q?br />56
57 �Q?beans�Q?/td>

　　4、最后配�|�自��q��jsp��面以及action

1 package cn.cityyouth.web.action;
2
3 import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
4 import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
5 import org.apache.struts.action.ActionForm;
6 import org.apache.struts.action.ActionForward;
7 import org.apache.struts.action.ActionMapping;
8 import org.apache.struts.action.ActionMessage;
9 import org.apache.struts.action.ActionMessages;
10 import com.test.service.OrderManager;
11
12 public class SendMailAction extends BaseAction {
13
14　 /**
15　 * Method execute
16　 *
17　 * @param mapping
18　 * @param form
19　 * @param request
20　 * @param response
21　 * @return ActionForward
22　 */
23 public ActionForward execute(ActionMapping mapping, ActionForm form,
24 HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) {
25　 OrderManager omi=(OrderManager)this.getBean("orderManager");
26　 String useremail="123@163.com";
27　 omi.placeOrder(useremail);
28 }
29 }

　　到此所有的开发以�l�束�?br />
　　Sring邮�g抽象层的主要包是�Q�org.springframework.mail 包。它包含叫MailSender为发送邮件的核心接口和包含简单邮件属性例如from,to,cc,subject,text叫SimpleMailMessage的值对�? �q�个包也包含一个检查异常的层次�Q�它支持一个更高��别的抽象��过低��别的邮�g�pȝ��异常伴随根异常存在MailException. 请参考JavaDocs为更多的信息杂邮件异常层�ơ�?br />
　　Spring也支持一个MailSender的专用于JavaMail特征例如MIME消息子接口，命名为org.springframework.javamail.JavaMailerSener。它也支持一个�ؓJavaMail MIME信息的准备回调接口，命名为org.springframework.mail.JavaMail.MimeMessagePreparator.

阿成 2006-01-12 15:14 发表评论

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使用 Spring 更好地处�?Struts 动作

���化Spring

Spring 入门实例

2�Q�编写Bean接口及其实现

4�Q�编写Advisor以增强ServiceBean

5�Q��ȝ��

Spring学习�W�记(一)依赖注入

Spring学习�W�记(�?Bean

Spring AOP中文教程

关于OpenSessionInViewFilter

OpenSessionInView

OpenSessionInViewFilter解决Web应用�E�序的问�?

HibernateInterceptor和OpenSessionInViewInterceptor的问�?

解决�Ҏ��

Spring �~�程入门十大问题解答

使用Spring邮�g抽象层发送简单邮�?

��化Spring