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Activiti Components（Activiti組件）

Overview（概述）

The Activiti Engine will have a clear focus on being light weight and easy to use for Java developers. In that respect, Activiti will continue on the successful path that we started at jBPM. The big difference between Activiti and jBPM will not be in the engine, but in the more sophisticated tools that we'll be able to build on top.

Activiti引擎將清晰地將關注點鎖定在一個輕量級框架和針對Java開發者容易使用上面。Activiti將一如既往地繼續沿著我們在jBPM開創的成功道路上前進。Activiti和就jBPM之間最大的差異不在于引擎，而在于我們能夠在此基礎建立的更多的尖端工具上面。

Here we explain in a bit more detail how the different Activiti components combine to form a complete solution for BPM in the full context of software development. The blue components are part of the Activiti scope. The gray components are out of scope.

在此，我們詳細地介紹在軟件開發的全部上下文里面，為BPM構建一個完整的解決方案，如何將不同的Activiti組件組合在一起。藍色組件是Activiti范圍的一部分；灰色組件在范圍之外。

Activiti Engine

Activiti引擎

To see concrete how this works concrete with processes and API, check out our 10 minute tutorial

為了具體了解流程及其API是如何工作的，請參見10分鐘教程（ 10 minute tutorial）。

Features

特性

This is the heart of the Activiti project.  It's a Java process engine that runs BPMN 2 processes natively.  It will have the following key properties:

它是Activiti項目的心臟。它是運行內置BPMN 2標準流程的Java流程引擎。它將具有下列關鍵屬性：

· Allows user updates to be combined with process updates in a single transaction

· 允許以單個事務的方式用戶更新和流程更新一道升級。

· Runs on any Java environment like Spring, JTA, standalone with any form of transaction demarcation.

· 以事務劃界的任何形式，運行諸如Spring，JTA，單機等方式等任何Java環境。

· Easy to get up and running with the setup utility

· 容易采用配置輔助工具啟動并運行

· Built to support the cloud scalability from the ground up

· 支持從頭開始一直到云的伸縮性

· Very simple to add new custom activity types and complete dedicated process languages

· 輕而易舉地添加新的定制的活動類型和完整的專有的流程語言

· Rock solid

· 堅如磐石

· Extremely fast

· 快若閃電

· Transactional timers

· 事務式定時器

· Asynchronous continuations

· 異步連續

· Hidden event listeners for decoupling software technical details from business level diagram

· 為了軟件技術細節和業務水平的流程圖進行解耦，隱藏事件監聽器。

· Ability to test process executions in isolation in a plain unit test

· 具備在一個普通的單元測試里以獨立方式測試執行的能力。

A couple of features deserve extra highlighting because they improve the collaboration between non technical business users and technical developers.

因為幾個特性提升了非技術性的業務用戶和技術性的開發人員之間的協作，所以它們值得額外的大書特書，

First of all event listeners.  That features allows to execute an out-of-the-box action, a piece of custom Java code or a script upon certain events in the diagram.  This means that developers can decorate a process with extra technical details that don't show up in the diagram.  This improves the collaboration between business people and technical people as the business people will not be confronted with technical aspects in the diagram.

首先是事件監聽器。那個特性允許執行一個開箱即用的動作，一段定制的Java代碼，或者在流程圖里面的某個事件的一段腳本。這意味著開發者能用額外的技術細節裝飾一個流程，這些細節沒有在流程圖上顯示。這提升了業務人員和技術人員之間的協作，因為業務人員將不會面臨流程圖中技術方面。

Secondly custom activities.  Activiti Engine comes with BPMN support and a lot of activity types out-of-the-box.  But non technical business people might still create an extensive description with a certain activity that doesn't match any of the activity types.  In that case, the developer has 2 options.  One option is to iterate back to the business person and propose a different model based on existing activity types.  Or --and this is unique for Activiti--, the developer can write a custom activity in Java code that implements the complex behaviour described by the business person.  In that case the diagram will remain as given by the business person, simplifying communication between business and IT.

第二，定制活動。Activiti引擎伴有對BPMN的支持和許多開箱即用的活動類型。但是，非技術的業務人員也許仍將采用一個不能匹配任何活動類型的某一活動建立一個擴展的描述。在那種情況，開發者有兩個選擇：其一是將模型打回給業務人員，并提出一個基于現有活動類型的不同模型。或者/并且這是Activiti的獨一無二的功能—開發者能夠用Java代碼實現由業務人員描述的復雜的行為來編寫一個定制活動。在那種情況下，業務人員給定的流程圖將保留下來，從而簡化了業務人員和IT人員的之間的通信。

Another innovation that you can expect from us are BPMN shortcuts.  When we previous developed jPDL, we got great feedback from the community about the compactness and readability of that language.   BPMN is very readable, but in some areas a bit too verbose.  But we also realize that standards support is vital for open source so we are very committed to BPMN 2.0.  For those specific areas where BPMN 2.0 is too verbose, we'll introduce shortcuts.   For example a simple activiti attribute might be introduced that is equivalent for a more verbose BPMN 2.0 XML section.  Note that these are not proprietary extensions as it is always translatable to valid (but longer) BPMN XML.  It's only a mechanism to allow for more compact XML descriptions.  And we'll be collecting the feedback form the community and feed that information back into the specification.

你能夠指望我們得到的另一個創新是BPMN捷徑。當我們先前開發jPDL時，我們從社區得到了大量有關那種語言簡潔和可讀性的反饋。盡管BPMN具有良好的可讀性，但是在某種程度上它有點羅嗦。但是我們也認識到作為開源項目對標準的知識是至關重要的，所以我們嚴格依從BPMN 2.0規范。對于那些BPMN 2.0太羅嗦的特殊區域，我們將引入捷徑。例如，也許引入一個等價于更羅嗦的BPMN 2.0 XML部分的簡單的activiti屬性。注意，這些不是一個專有擴展，因為它總是能夠翻譯為有效（但是更長的）BPMN XML。這只是一個允許更加緊湊的XML描述。我們將從社區收集反饋，并將那些信息回饋給規范。

The Process Virtual Machine

流程虛擬機

The Process Virtual Machine is the architectural base layer of the Activiti Engine. It allows for easy pluggability of activity types, features and complete process languages. The core Activiti team is dedicated to building out the native BPMN 2.0 process language. BPMN 2.0 will be the predominant language used on the business side of BPM. And hence we want to simplify the bridge between business modeling and making those processes executable.

流程虛擬機是Activiti引擎的架構基礎層。它允許對活動類型，特性和完整的流程語言進行自如地插拔。Activiti核心團隊專心致力于構建內置的BPMN 2.0流程語言。BPMN 2.0 將作為BPM業務端上使用的占統治地位的語言。由此我們想簡化業務建模與讓那些流程可執行之間的橋梁。

But there are many developer oriented process languages that are very easy to build on the Process Virtual Machine. One candidate language for which we call out to the community to help us is jPDL 4. We will support and encourage the community to build out jPDL 4 and other domain specific process languages. There are numerous other languages that could be build on top of the Process Virtual Machine. We even envision companies building their own variants of domain specific process languages.

但是，的確存在許多面向流程語言的開發者。他們能在流程虛擬機上構建這些語言。我們呼吁社區幫助我們建立的一個候選語言是據jPDL 4。我們將支持和鼓勵社區擴充jPDL 4和其它領域相關的流程語言。還有許多可以在進程的虛擬機之上構建其他語言。我們甚至設想公司構建他們自己的領域相關的流程語言變體。

Activiti Explorer

Activiti導航器

Activiti Explorer is a web application that provides access to the Activiti Engine runtime for all users of the system.   It includes task management, viewing reports based on statistical history data and process instance inspection.

Activiti導航器是一個為系統所有用戶提供訪問Activiti引擎運行時功能的Web應用程序。它包括任務管理，查看基于統計歷史數據和流程實例的報告。

Task management

任務管理

Primary use cases:

主要用例：

· View personal task list

· 查看個人任務列表

· View task list for which the current user is a candidate

· 查看當前用戶哪個是候選的任務列表

· Create a new task (unrelated to a process)

· 建立一個新任務（與流程無關）

· Complete a task by submitting data in a task form

· 以任務表單方式通過提交數據完成任務

· Reassign a task to a different user

· 將任務重新分配給不同用戶

· See which other people are involved in the process related to this task

· 查看哪些人員參與到與這個任務相關的流程

· Create subtasks and assign them to people

· 建立子任務并將任務分配給人員

Manager use cases:

管理員用例：

· View task list of subordinates

· 查看從屬的任務列表

Process owner use cases:

流程所有者用例：

· Inspect process instance details related to a task

· 檢查與任務相關的流程實例細節

Reports

報告

All events related to process instance executions are stored in a process history database.  Since the steps/activities in the original process definitions are meaningful to business people, the statistics on these activities can contain very interesting information for business people.  For example, the average time spend in each activity or the average deal size per country. 

所有與流程實例執行相關的事件均保存在流程歷史數據庫里面。因為在原始的流程定義里的步驟/活動對業務人員意義重大，所以這些統計為業務人員能夠包含非常有趣的信息。例如，花費在每個活動上的平均時間，或者每個國家的平均交易量。

Process instance inspection

流程實例檢查

Process owners and admins should be able to inspect the runtime details of process instances.

流程所有者和管理員應當能檢查流程實例的運行時細節。

Activiti Probe

Activiti Probe is a web application that provides administration and monitoring capabilities to keep an Activiti Engine instance up and running.  This is application is aimed at system administrators and operators whom are responsible for keeping systems and infrastructure up and running.

Activiti探針（Activiti Probe）是一個提供管理和監視能力的web 應用程序，它能保持Activiti引擎實例啟動并運行。它是一個旨在為負責保持系統和基礎設施運營的系統管理員和操作者提供服務的應用程序。

Probe use cases:

探針（Probe）用例：

· Show if the Activiti Engine up and running or is there a problem somewhere?

· 顯示Activiti引擎是否啟動并運行，或者某處存在問題？

· Management of the deployments

· 管理部署

· View deployment resources

· 查看部署資源

· Management of the process definitions

· 管理流程定義

· Inspect the database tables

· 檢查數據庫表

· View the activiti logs

· 查看Activiti日志

· How long does an average transaction take

· 平均事務占用多長時間

· Are there jobs that have failed multiple times?  What is the cause?  Group jobs with similar failures.  Retry job.

· 是否存在一個失敗了多次的作業？原因是什么？組作業是否有相似的失敗。重做作業。

Activiti Modeler

Activiti建模器

The Activiti Modeler is a customized version of the open source Signavio web based process editor. It can be used to author BPMN 2.0 compliant processes graphically. The process files are stored by the server on a central file system. That file system acts as the model repository.

Activiti建模器是一個開源的基于Signavio web的流程編輯器的定制版本。它能用來以圖形化方式編輯BPMN 2.0兼容的流程。通過中央文件系統上的服務器來保存流程文件。那個文件系統扮演模型倉庫的角色。

Signavio primary's purpose is to author BPMN 2.0 process diagrams in a browser.  But the scope of the project goes beyond just process modeling.  They have a stencil set pluggability mechanism that allows them to support various kinds of diagram types like for example organization charts.  Signavio normally stores the JSON formatted diagrams in the backend and then it provides export and import to specific file types like BPMN 2.  But the backend they they have created specially for us is based on a simple file system and includes the export-import to the specific file format.  That way the BPMN 2 processes are stored on the file system in the BPMN 2.0 file format.

Signavio主要目的是在一個瀏覽器里創作BPMN 2.0流程圖。但是這個項目遠遠超越了流程建模的范圍。它們具有一個印字器式的可插拔機制，允許它們支持諸如示例組織結構圖似的各種各樣的圖形。Signavio通常在后端存儲為JSON格式的圖形。然后提供輸出和輸出到像BPMN 2.0格式的特殊文件類型的能力。但是它們為我們已經建立的后端基于一個簡單的文件系統，并包含了輸出/輸入到特殊文件格式的能力。以BPMN 2.0文件格式在那個文件系統上保存BPMN 2流程。

Activiti Cycle

Activiti Cycle

Activiti Cycle is completely new type of BPM component. In short, it's a web based application that facilitates the collaboration between business people, developers and IT operational people. It's based on the notion of the Process Cycle Layer. Since it's unlike any other BPM component in the market. We've devoted a complete article to provide a detailed picture of The Process Cycle Layer.

Activiti是一個全新的BPM組件。簡而言之，它是一個促進業務人員，開發人員和IT運營人員之間協作的基于web的應用程序。它基于流程周期層(Process Cycle Layer的概念。因為不像在市場上的任何其它BPM組件，所以我們致力于提供一個完整的文章—流程周期層詳細藍圖（a detailed picture of The Process Cycle Layer）。