應(yīng)用項(xiàng)目大致的體系結(jié)構(gòu):

該異常處理框架滿足的要求:
- 完整的異常組織結(jié)構(gòu)
- 異常的統(tǒng)一處理
- 可配置,受管式,方便使用
完整的異常組織結(jié)構(gòu):
- 用戶可以方便的定義自己的異常,但所有UncheckedException需要繼承BaseAppRuntimeException,所有的checked Exception可以繼承BaseAppException,或者需要拋出且不需要check時(shí)用WrapperredAppException封裝后拋出
- 合理地使用checked異常
- Exception有唯一的error code,這樣用戶報(bào)告異常后,可以根據(jù)異常號(hào)找到相應(yīng)Exception,把exception直接顯示給用戶也沒有太大的意義,如何紀(jì)錄exception那就是下文講到的ExceptionHandler的職責(zé)了。
- 如果是第三方包括jdk中的異常,需要封裝成BaseAppException或者BaseAppRuntimeException后拋出

統(tǒng)一的異常處理
異常統(tǒng)一在框架中進(jìn)行處理,不需要在上層應(yīng)用的代碼中去處理拋出的異常。為了盡量捕捉到所有的異常,將異常處理放在了ActionBroker中,這樣凡是action以后拋出的異常都可以捕捉到,因?yàn)?/span>webservice只是簡單的調(diào)用action類的方法,一般不會(huì)出現(xiàn)異常。當(dāng)我們捕捉到異常后,需要進(jìn)行異常處理,定義了ExceptionHandler接口,用接口抽象出異常處理類的具體實(shí)現(xiàn)。
USFContextFactory: 創(chuàng)建ExceptionContext的工廠
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package com.ldd600.exception.context;
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3
public class CoreContextFactory
{
4
private static CoreContextFactory instance;
5
6
private volatile ExceptionContext exceptionContext;
7
8
private Object exceptionContextLock = new Object();
9
10
private CoreContextFactory()
{
11
12
}
13
14
public static synchronized CoreContextFactory getInstance()
{
15
if (null == instance)
{
16
instance = new CoreContextFactory();
17
}
18
return instance;
19
}
20
21
public ExceptionContext getExceptionContext()
{
22
ExceptionContext tempExpContext = exceptionContext;
23
if (tempExpContext == null)
{
24
synchronized (exceptionContextLock)
{
25
tempExpContext = exceptionContext;
26
if (tempExpContext == null)
27
exceptionContext = tempExpContext = new ExceptionContext();
28
}
29
}
30
return tempExpContext;
31
}
32
}
33
ExceptionContext: 存放全局的exception信息
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package com.ldd600.exception.context;
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3
import java.util.ArrayList;
4
import java.util.Collection;
5
import java.util.Collections;
6
import java.util.HashMap;
7
import java.util.List;
8
import java.util.Map;
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import java.util.Set;
10
11
import org.springframework.util.Assert;
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13
import com.ldd600.exception.base.BaseAppRuntimeException;
14
import com.ldd600.exception.base.ConfigException;
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import com.ldd600.exception.base.handler.ExceptionHandler;
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import com.ldd600.exception.config.ExceptionDefinition;
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public class ExceptionContext
{
19
private Map<Class<?>, ExceptionDefinition> exceptionMap;
20
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private Map<String, ExceptionHandler> handlers = new HashMap<String, ExceptionHandler>();
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23
ExceptionContext()
{
24
exceptionMap = new HashMap<Class<?>, ExceptionDefinition>();
25
}
26
27
public boolean containsException(Class<?> expClazz)
{
28
return (exceptionMap.containsKey(expClazz));
29
}
30
31
public void addExceptionHander(Class<?> expClazz, Class<? extends ExceptionHandler> handlerClazz)
{
32
try
{
33
ExceptionDefinition definition = getRealExceptionDefinition(expClazz);
34
if (null == definition)
{
35
throw new IllegalArgumentException(expClazz.getName() + "not in the context, please configure or add it to the context first!!");
36
}
37
ExceptionHandler handler = handlers.get(handlerClazz.getName());
38
if (null == handler)
{
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handler = handlerClazz.newInstance();
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handlers.put(handlerClazz.getName(), handler);
41
}
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definition.getHandlerNames().add(handlerClazz.getName());
44
} catch (Exception ex)
{
45
throw new ConfigException("Add exception handler to context failure!", ex);
46
}
47
}
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public void addExceptionHandler(Class<?> expClazz, String errorCode, Class<? extends ExceptionHandler> handlerClazz)
{
50
Assert.hasLength(errorCode, expClazz + " errorCode must not be null or empty string!");
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ExceptionDefinition definition = getRealExceptionDefinition(expClazz);
52
if(null == definition)
{
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definition = new ExceptionDefinition(errorCode);
54
exceptionMap.put(expClazz, definition);
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}
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addExceptionHander(expClazz, handlerClazz);
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}
58
59
60
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public void addExceptionHandlers(Class<?> expClazz, Class<? extends ExceptionHandler>
handlerClazzes)
{
62
for(Class<? extends ExceptionHandler> handlerClazz : handlerClazzes)
{
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addExceptionHander(expClazz, handlerClazz);
64
}
65
}
66
67
public void removeExceptionHandler(Class<?> expClazz, Class<? extends ExceptionHandler> handlerClazz)
{
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Assert.isTrue(containsException(expClazz));
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String handlerName = handlerClazz.getName();
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getExceptionDefinition(expClazz).getHandlerNames().remove(handlerName);
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Collection<ExceptionDefinition> definitons = exceptionMap.values();
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boolean isClearHandler = true;
73
for (ExceptionDefinition expDefinition : definitons)
{
74
if (expDefinition.getHandlerNames().contains(handlerName))
{
75
isClearHandler = false;
76
break;
77
}
78
}
79
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if (isClearHandler)
{
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handlers.remove(handlers.get(handlerName));
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}
83
}
84
85
public void setExceptionDefinition(Class<?> expClazz, ExceptionDefinition definition)
{
86
exceptionMap.put(expClazz, definition);
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}
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public ExceptionDefinition getExceptionDefinition(Class<?> expClazz)
{
90
if (containsException(expClazz))
{
91
return exceptionMap.get(expClazz);
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} else if (BaseAppRuntimeException.class.isAssignableFrom(expClazz.getSuperclass()))
{
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return getExceptionDefinition(expClazz.getSuperclass());
94
} else
{
95
return null;
96
}
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}
98
99
public ExceptionDefinition getRealExceptionDefinition(Class<?> expClazz)
{
100
return exceptionMap.get(expClazz);
101
}
102
103
public List<ExceptionHandler> getExceptionHandlers(Class<?> expClazz)
{
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ExceptionDefinition definition = getExceptionDefinition(expClazz);
105
if (null != definition)
{
106
Set<String> handlerNames = definition.getHandlerNames();
107
List<ExceptionHandler> handlerList = new ArrayList<ExceptionHandler>(handlerNames.size());
108
for (String handlerName : handlerNames)
{
109
ExceptionHandler handler = handlers.get(handlerName);
110
handlerList.add(handler);
111
}
112
List<ExceptionHandler> resultHandlerList = new ArrayList<ExceptionHandler>(handlerList);
113
return resultHandlerList;
114
} else
{
115
return Collections.<ExceptionHandler> emptyList();
116
}
117
}
118
119
public String getErrorCode(Class<?> expClazz)
{
120
ExceptionDefinition definition = getExceptionDefinition(expClazz);
121
if (null != definition)
{
122
return definition.getErrorCode();
123
} else
{
124
return "";
125
}
126
}
127
128
129
}
130
ExceptionDefinition: Exception信息單元
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package com.ldd600.exception.config;
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3
import java.util.LinkedHashSet;
4
import java.util.Set;
5
6
public class ExceptionDefinition
{
7
private String errorCode;
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9
private Set<String> handlerNames = new LinkedHashSet<String> ();
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11
ExceptionDefinition()
{
12
13
}
14
15
public ExceptionDefinition(String errorCode)
{
16
this.errorCode = errorCode;
17
}
18
19
public String getErrorCode()
{
20
return errorCode;
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}
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public void setErrorCode(String errorCode)
{
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this.errorCode = errorCode;
25
}
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public Set<String> getHandlerNames()
{
28
return handlerNames;
29
}
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}
31
ExceptionDefiniton定義了和某個(gè)exception相關(guān)的具體信息,根據(jù)exception的class name可以從exceptionContext中的exceptionMap得到指定的exception的相關(guān)信息,這些信息是在系統(tǒng)初始化時(shí)讀取到exceptionContext中的。并且避免了exception handler的重復(fù)初始化。
可配置,受管式,方便使用
采取兩種配置方式,exception的相關(guān)信息比如它的errorCode, exceptionHandlers可以配置在外部的xml文件中,也可以用annotation標(biāo)注。對于exception的處理是有繼承性質(zhì)的,如果某個(gè)exception沒有在exceptionContext中注冊,就使用它的父類的配置信息。如果無任何父類在exceptionContext中注冊,就使用默認(rèn)機(jī)制進(jìn)行處理。
XML 方案:
因?yàn)?/span>spring2.0支持自定義schema功能,我們可以方便地采用自己的schema只要實(shí)現(xiàn)NamespaceHandler和BeanDefinitionPaser,后面一個(gè)比較重要,可以將自定義xml文件中的相關(guān)類注冊到spring的上下文中,成為spring bean。
Xml schema:
<xsd:complexType name="exceptionType">
<xsd:sequence>
<xsd:element name="level" default="error" minOccurs="0">
<xsd:simpleType>
<xsd:restriction base="xsd:string">
<xsd:enumeration value="error" />
<xsd:enumeration value="warning" />
<xsd:enumeration value="info" />
<xsd:enumeration value="confirmation" />
</xsd:restriction>
</xsd:simpleType>
</xsd:element>
<xsd:element name="handler" maxOccurs="unbounded">
<xsd:simpleType>
<xsd:restriction base="xsd:string" />
</xsd:simpleType>
</xsd:element>
</xsd:sequence>
<xsd:attribute name="errorCode">
<xsd:simpleType>
<xsd:restriction base="xsd:string">
<xsd:whiteSpace value="preserve" />
<xsd:pattern value="LDD600-+\d{1,5}.*" />
</xsd:restriction>
</xsd:simpleType>
</xsd:attribute>
<xsd:attribute name="class" type="xsd:string" use="required" />
</xsd:complexType>

Annotation方案:
JDK1.5以上就有了annotation,可以簡化我們的配置,使得配置信息和代碼聯(lián)系在一起,增加了代碼的可讀性。如何在spring中注冊自定義的annotation和用annotation標(biāo)注的class,可以參考文章2和文章: 。對于每個(gè)注冊了的class用ExceptionalAnnotationBeanPostProcessor來parse具體的annotation信息(對于annotation的parse方法還會(huì)在以后繼續(xù)改進(jìn))。
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package com.ldd600.exception.annotation;
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3
import java.lang.annotation.Documented;
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import java.lang.annotation.ElementType;
5
import java.lang.annotation.Retention;
6
import java.lang.annotation.RetentionPolicy;
7
import java.lang.annotation.Target;
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9
import com.ldd600.exception.base.handler.ExceptionHandler;
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11
@Target(
{ElementType.TYPE})
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@Retention(RetentionPolicy.RUNTIME)
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@Documented
14
public @interface Exceptional
{
15
String errorCode();
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Class<? extends ExceptionHandler>[] handlers();
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}
18
1
package com.ldd600.exception.processor;
2
3
import org.springframework.beans.BeansException;
4
import org.springframework.beans.factory.config.BeanPostProcessor;
5
6
import com.ldd600.exception.annotation.Exceptional;
7
import com.ldd600.exception.base.BaseAppException;
8
import com.ldd600.exception.base.BaseAppRuntimeException;
9
import com.ldd600.exception.config.ExceptionDefinition;
10
import com.ldd600.exception.context.ExceptionContext;
11
import com.ldd600.exception.context.CoreContextFactory;
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13
public class ExceptionalAnnotationBeanPostProcessor implements BeanPostProcessor
{
14
15
public Object postProcessAfterInitialization(Object bean, String beanName) throws BeansException
{
16
if(bean instanceof BaseAppRuntimeException || bean instanceof BaseAppException)
{
17
Exceptional exceptional = bean.getClass().getAnnotation(Exceptional.class);
18
if(null != exceptional)
{
19
ExceptionContext ctx = CoreContextFactory.getInstance().getExceptionContext();
20
if(!ctx.containsException(bean.getClass()))
{
21
ExceptionDefinition expDefinition = new ExceptionDefinition(exceptional.errorCode());
22
ctx.setExceptionDefinition(bean.getClass(), expDefinition);
23
}
24
ctx.addExceptionHandlers(bean.getClass(), exceptional.handlers());
25
return null;
26
}
27
}
28
return bean;
29
}
30
31
public Object postProcessBeforeInitialization(Object bean, String beanName) throws BeansException
{
32
return bean;
33
}
34
35
}
36
結(jié)果測試:
1
package com.ldd600.exception.test;
2
3
import org.jmock.Expectations;
4
import org.jmock.Mockery;
5
import org.springframework.beans.factory.BeanFactory;
6
7
import com.ldd600.exception.action.BusinessAction;
8
import com.ldd600.exception.base.BaseAppException;
9
import com.ldd600.exception.base.BaseAppRuntimeException;
10
import com.ldd600.exception.base.ConfigException;
11
import com.ldd600.exception.base.handler.ConsoleHandler;
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import com.ldd600.exception.context.CoreContextFactory;
13
import com.ldd600.exception.dto.DefaultRequest;
14
import com.ldd600.exception.dto.DefaultResponse;
15
import com.ldd600.exception.dto.Request;
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import com.ldd600.exception.dto.Response;
17
import com.ldd600.exception.webservice.ActionBrokerImpl;
18
19
public class ExceptionTest extends DependencyInjectionExceptionTestCase
{
20
Mockery context = new Mockery();
21
ActionBrokerImpl broker = new ActionBrokerImpl();
22
final Request request = new DefaultRequest();
23
final Response response = new DefaultResponse();
24
25
@Override
26
protected String[] getConfigLocations()
{
27
return new String[]
{ "applicationContext.xml" };
28
}
29
30
public void testExceptionThrow()
{
31
final BusinessAction<Response, Request> action = context
32
.mock(BusinessAction.class);
33
final BeanFactory beanFactory = context.mock(BeanFactory.class);
34
assertThrowing(new Closure()
{
35
public void run() throws Throwable
{
36
context.checking(new Expectations()
{
37
{
38
allowing(beanFactory).getBean("action");
39
will(returnValue(action));
40
one(action).execute(request, response);
41
will(throwException(new BaseAppException()));
42
}
43
});
44
broker.setExceptionHandler(new ConsoleHandler());
45
broker.setBeanFactory(beanFactory);
46
broker.execute("action", request, response);
47
}
48
49
}, BaseAppException.class);
50
}
51
52
public void testExceptionalAutoLoad() throws BaseAppException
{
53
final BeanFactory beanFactory = context.mock(BeanFactory.class);
54
final BusinessAction<Response, Request> action = context
55
.mock(BusinessAction.class);
56
context.checking(new Expectations()
{
57
{
58
allowing(beanFactory).getBean("action");
59
will(returnValue(action));
60
one(action).execute(request, response);
61
will(throwException(new ConfigException()));
62
}
63
});
64
broker.setBeanFactory(beanFactory);
65
broker.execute("action", request, response);
66
assertEquals(CoreContextFactory.getInstance().getExceptionContext()
67
.getErrorCode(ConfigException.class), "LDD600-00002");
68
context.assertIsSatisfied();
69
}
70
71
public void testRuntimeException()
{
72
final BusinessAction<Response, Request> action = context
73
.mock(BusinessAction.class);
74
final BeanFactory beanFactory = context.mock(BeanFactory.class);
75
assertThrowing(new Closure()
{
76
public void run() throws Throwable
{
77
context.checking(new Expectations()
{
78
{
79
allowing(beanFactory).getBean("action");
80
will(returnValue(action));
81
one(action).execute(request, response);
82
will(throwException(new BaseAppRuntimeException()));
83
}
84
});
85
broker.setExceptionHandler(new ConsoleHandler());
86
broker.setBeanFactory(beanFactory);
87
broker.execute("action", request, response);
88
}
89
90
}, BaseAppRuntimeException.class);
91
// test config
92
assertEquals(CoreContextFactory.getInstance().getExceptionContext()
93
.getErrorCode(BaseAppRuntimeException.class), "LDD600-00001");
94
// test handler
95
assertFalse(response.isSuccess());
96
assertEquals(response.getErrorCode(), CoreContextFactory.getInstance()
97
.getExceptionContext().getErrorCode(
98
BaseAppRuntimeException.class));
99
context.assertIsSatisfied();
100
}
101
102
public void testCheckedException()
{
103
final BusinessAction<Response, Request> action = context
104
.mock(BusinessAction.class);
105
final BeanFactory beanFactory = context.mock(BeanFactory.class);
106
assertThrowing(new Closure()
{
107
public void run() throws Throwable
{
108
context.checking(new Expectations()
{
109
{
110
allowing(beanFactory).getBean("action");
111
will(returnValue(action));
112
one(action).execute(request, response);
113
will(throwException(new ExceptionFaker()));
114
}
115
});
116
broker.setBeanFactory(beanFactory);
117
broker.execute("action", request, response);
118
}
119
120
}, ExceptionFaker.class);
121
// test config
122
assertEquals(CoreContextFactory.getInstance().getExceptionContext()
123
.getErrorCode(ExceptionFaker.class), "LDD600-00003");
124
// test handler
125
assertFalse(response.isSuccess());
126
assertEquals(response.getErrorCode(), CoreContextFactory.getInstance()
127
.getExceptionContext().getErrorCode(
128
ExceptionFaker.class));
129
context.assertIsSatisfied();
130
}
131
}
132
參考資料:
文章1:http://www.onjava.com/pub/a/onjava/2006/01/11/exception-handling-framework-for-j2ee.html
文章2:http://sannotations.sourceforge.net/
本文源代碼:源代碼下載