一般網站在處理用戶上傳圖片時通常采用兩種策略:一是直接把圖片存入數據庫中的Blob字段;二是數據庫中只存儲圖片的在服務器上的路徑信息?,圖片存放在分門別類的文件中,使用的時候從數據庫讀取路徑信息到頁面img元素即可.在此不討論兩種方案的優劣,我只是寫了個hibernate的例子來實現第一種策略.例子很簡單,t_user表主要兩個字段,name和photo,其中photo字段類型為Blob.在此例中數據庫我采用mysql, oracle的Blob字段比較特殊,你必須自定義類型,具體的請自行搜索,這方面的資料很多.
//User.java
package com.denny_blue.hibernate;
import java.io.Serializable;
import java.sql.Blob;
public class User implements Serializable{
?private Integer id;
?private String name;
?private Blob photo;
?/**
? * @return the id
? */
?public User(){
?}
?public Integer getId() {
??return id;
?}
?/**
? * @param id the id to set
? */
?public void setId(Integer id) {
??this.id = id;
?}
?/**
? * @return the name
? */
?public String getName() {
??return name;
?}
?/**
? * @param name the name to set
? */
?public void setName(String name) {
??this.name = name;
?}
?/**
? * @return the photo
? */
?public Blob getPhoto() {
??return photo;
?}
?/**
? * @param photo the photo to set
? */
?public void setPhoto(Blob photo) {
??this.photo = photo;
?}
?
}
類User有3個屬性,id,name,photo,相應的getter和setter方法以及一個無參構造函數.應該注意的是photo的類型java.sql.Blob
相應的user.hbm.xml應該如下:
<?xml version="1.0"?>
<!DOCTYPE hibernate-mapping PUBLIC
?"-//Hibernate/Hibernate Mapping DTD 3.0//EN"
?"<hibernate-mapping
?package="com.denny_blue.hibernate">
?<class name="com.denny_blue.hibernate.User"
??????? table="t_user"
??????? dynamic-update="true"
??????? dynamic-insert="true"
??????? batch-size="3">
??<id name="id"
????? column="id"
????? type="java.lang.Integer">
???<generator class="native"/>
??</id>
??<property name="name" column="name" type="java.lang.String" lazy="true"/>
??<property name="photo" column="photo" type="java.sql.Blob"/>
?</class>
</hibernate-mapping>
對應的hibernate.cfg.xml配置文件,不再列出,請參照hibernate文檔自行設定.
OK,做了這一步,我們寫個測試類來進行單元測試:
package com.denny_blue.test;
import java.io.FileInputStream;
import java.io.FileNotFoundException;
import java.io.FileOutputStream;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.InputStream;
import java.sql.Blob;
import org.hibernate.Hibernate;
import org.hibernate.HibernateException;
import org.hibernate.Session;
import org.hibernate.SessionFactory;
import org.hibernate.Transaction;
import org.hibernate.cfg.Configuration;
import com.denny_blue.hibernate.User;
import junit.framework.TestCase;
public class HibernateTest extends TestCase {
??????? private Session session;
?protected void setUp() throws Exception {
??try{
???Configuration config=new Configuration().configure();
???SessionFactory sf=config.buildSessionFactory();
???session=sf.openSession();
??}catch(HibernateException e){
???e.printStackTrace();
??}
?}
?protected void tearDown() throws Exception {
??try{
???session.close();
??}catch(HibernateException e){
???e.printStackTrace();
??}
?}
?
?public void testSave()throws FileNotFoundException,IOException{
??User user=new User();
??user.setName("jordan");
??FileInputStream in=new FileInputStream("C://test.gif");
??Blob photo=Hibernate.createBlob(in);
??user.setPhoto(photo);
??Transaction tx=null;
??try{
??tx=session.beginTransaction();
??session.saveOrUpdate(user);
??tx.commit();
??}catch(HibernateException e){
???if(tx!=null)
????tx.rollback();
???e.printStackTrace();
??}finally{
???in.close();
??}
?}
?public void testLoad()throws Exception{
??try{
???User user=(User)session.load(User.class, new Integer(1));
???Blob photo=user.getPhoto();
???InputStream in=photo.getBinaryStream();
???FileOutputStream out=new FileOutputStream("C://out//test2.gif");
???byte [] buf=new byte[1024];
???int len;
???while((len=in.read(buf))!=-1){
????out.write(buf, 0, len);
???}
???in.close();
???out.close();
??}catch(HibernateException e){
???e.printStackTrace();
??}
?}
}
我們讀取C盤目錄下的test.gif并存儲到數據庫中,然后再取出來寫入C:/out目錄,此時你可以查看下數據表中photo顯示為blob,表示已經成功存入.值的注意的代碼片段就是:
FileInputStream in=new FileInputStream("C://test.gif");
??Blob photo=Hibernate.createBlob(in);
我們這里是從磁盤中讀取圖片,實際應用中你可以利用上傳組件得到圖片的2進制數據流,并利用Hibernate.createBlob方法來構造相應的Blob對象.而取圖片則使用
InputStream in=photo.getBinaryStream();
這只是個簡單的測試類,如果我想從數據庫中取出圖片并現實在頁面上該如何做呢?其實也很簡單,我們先要寫一個servlet,在它的service方法中取出圖片,并"畫"到指定頁面上.
package com.easyjf.asp.action;
import java.io.InputStream;
import java.io.OutputStream;
import java.sql.Blob;
import javax.servlet.ServletException;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
import org.hibernate.HibernateException;
import org.hibernate.Session;
import org.hibernate.SessionFactory;
import org.hibernate.cfg.Configuration;
import com.denny)blue.hibernate.User;
public class Test extends HttpServlet {
?/**
? * Destruction of the servlet. <br>
? */
?private Session session;
?public void destroy() {
??try{
???session.close();
??}catch(HibernateException e){
???e.printStackTrace();
??}
?}
?/**
? * Initialization of the servlet. <br>
? *
? * @throws ServletException if an error occure
? */
?public void init() throws ServletException {
??try{
???Configuration config=new Configuration().configure();
???SessionFactory sf=config.buildSessionFactory();
???session=sf.openSession();
??}catch(HibernateException e){
???e.printStackTrace();
??}
?}
??? public void doGet(HttpServletRequest request,HttpServletResponse response)
??? {
??? ?try{
???User user=(User)session.load(User.class, new Integer(1));
???Blob photo=user.getPhoto();
???InputStream in=photo.getBinaryStream();
???OutputStream out=response.getOutputStream();
???byte [] buf=new byte[1024];
???int len;
???while((len=in.read(buf))!=-1){
????out.write(buf, 0, len);
???}
???in.close();
???out.close();
??}catch(Exception e){
???e.printStackTrace();
??}
??? }
}
通過response.getOutputStream取得輸出流,其他就與上段代碼一致.servlet寫好了,怎么在頁面調用呢?那就更簡單啦,直接在頁面的img標簽的src屬性上調用該servlet即可,如:
<img id="test" src="/servlet/Test"/>
?
簡單的例子,希望對初學者有幫助.
附記:如果不希望在servlet(或者action之類)中進行保存操作,希望在DAO進行此操作,那么InputStream的關閉問題可以通過hibernate的interceptor機制解決