一.html標簽

1.html元素的標簽:

a1.<html:link forward="index"> 鏈接<global-forwards>中的name </html:link>

a2. <html:link href="http://www.baidu.com" > 鏈接到站點外   </html:link>

a3. <html:link page="/HtmlBasic.do">同一個應用     </html:link>

如:包含請求參數: <html:link page="/HtmlBasic.do?prop1=abc&amp;prop2=123" />

   包含單個請求變量:<% String stringBean = "Value to Pass on URL";

                    pageContext.setAttribute("stringBean", stringBean);%>

<html:link page="/HtmlBasic.do" paramId="urlParamName" paramName="stringBean" />

<jsp:useBean id="javaBean" scope="page" class="CustomerBean" />

<jsp:setProperty name="javaBean" property="name" value="weiqin" /> //要有范圍

<html:link page="/Html" paramId="url" paramName="javaBean" paramProperty="name"/>

包含多個請求變量: <%  java.util.HashMap myMap = new java.util.HashMap();

                      myMap.put("myString", new String("myStringValue") );

                      myMap.put("myArray", new String[] { "str1", "str2", "str3" });

                      pageContext.setAttribute("map", myMap);%>

<html:link page="/HtmlBasic.do" name="map"> url </html:link>

b.<html:img>: <html:img page="/struts-power.gif" /> //也可以包含單個或多個請求變量

<html:img src="/struts-power.gif" paramId="urlParamName" paramName="stringBean" />

<html:img page="/struts-power.gif" name="map" />

2.基本表單標簽:<html:form>,<html:text>,<html:hidden>,<html:submit>,<html:reset>

<html:cancel>Cancel</html:cancel> :Action中的取消事件:

FormBasicForm fbf = (FormBasicForm) form;

        if (isCancelled(request)) { fbf.setStatus("Cancel was pressed!");

            return (mapping.findForward("success"));      }//表示取消選中

  else { fbf.setStatus("Submit was pressed!");

            return (mapping.findForward("success"));    }

3.下拉列表和多選列表

<html:select property="colors" size="6" multiple="true" > // multiple下拉可多選

<html:option value="htmlselect.orange">Orange</html:option> //基本的頁面輸入

<html:option value="red" bundle="htmlselect.Colors" key="red"/>//從資源文件中顯示

<% Vector colorCollection = new Vector(); colorCollection.add(

         new org.apache.struts.util.LabelValueBean("Pink", "htmlselect.pink"));

      colorCollection.add(              // Pink為label htmlselect.pink為value

         new org.apache.struts.util.LabelValueBean("Brown", "htmlselect.brown"));

      pageContext.setAttribute("colorCollection", colorCollection);   %>

<html:options  collection="colorCollection"  property="value"  //實際值                   

labelProperty="label" />   </html:select>// labelProperty顯示值

4.顯示錯誤消息: errors.add(ActionMessages.GLOBAL_MESSAGE, new ActionMessage("key") );

a.顯示全局:<html:errors property="org.apache.struts.action.GLOBAL_MESSAGE"/>

b.顯示特定字段: errors.add("checkbox1", new ActionMessage("error.checkbox"));

<html:errors property="checkbox1" bundle="HtmlErrors" /> //bundle資源文件

5.顯示信息<html:messages>:

a.<html:messages id=”message” message=”true”/>//如果為true則從全局中搜索

則:ActionMessages actionMessages=new ActionMessages();

actionMessages.add(ActionMessages.GLOBAL_MESSAGE,new ActionMessage(“key”));

saveMessages(request,actionMessages);

b.從一定的范圍中查找:<html:messages id=”message”>

<bean:write name=”message” />  </html:messages>

則:protected void saveMessages(HttpServletRequest request,ActionMessages messages){

...request.setAttribute(GLOBAL_MESSAGE_key,messages); }

 

二:Struts Bean標簽

1.訪問http請求信息和JSP對象

a. <bean:cookie id="cookie" name="cookiedemo" value="firsttime"/>  // value為默認值

     <%  if (cookie.getValue().equals("firsttime")) {

         Cookie c = new Cookie("cookiedemo", "Hi Linda!");

         c.setComment("A test cookie");c.setMaxAge(3600);response.addCookie(c);}  %>

輸出: <bean:write name="cookie" property="value"/>

b. <bean:header id="lang" name="Accept-Language"/> <bean:write name="lang"/>

c. <bean:page id="this_session" property="session"/>//檢索JSP范圍,隱含對象

   <bean:write name="this_session"  property="creationTime"/>

d. <bean:parameter id="arg1" name="testarg" value="noarg"/> // value為默認值

   <bean:write name="arg1"/>

檢索多值：<bean:parameter id="arg2" multiple="yes" name="testarg" value="noarg"/>

通過鏈接傳遞參數：<html:link page="/this.jsp?testarg=123&testarg=456&testarg=789">

循環輸出：<% for (int i=0; i <arg2.length; i++) {out.write(arg2[i] + "<BR>");}  %>

2．訪問WEB應用資源：  <message-resources parameter="res" key="special" />

a. <bean:message key="hello" arg0="Linda" />  //默認資源文件中：hello=Hello,{0}

<% request.setAttribute("stringBean","hello"); SomeBean bean=new SomeBean();

        bean.setName("hello");   request.setAttribute("someBean",bean);   %>

通過變量名或javaBean得到key值再訪問資源文件：

<bean:message bundle="special" name="stringBean"/>// bundle不能省,只能訪問資源文件

<bean:message bundle="special" name="someBean" property="name"/>

b. <bean:include>同<jsp:include>,但將WEB資源存放在一個變量中，有forward,page,href

<bean:include id="tp1" page="/testpage1.jsp"/> <bean:write name="tp1" filter="false"/>

<bean:include id="tp2" forward="testpage2"/> <bean:write name="tp2" filter="false"/>

3.定義或輸出javaBean，bean:write標簽filter為true時會將特殊符號轉換成普通字符串

a.value屬性：<bean:define id="name" value="lib"/><bean:write name="name"/>

  name和property屬性：<% request.setAttribute("sessionBean", session); %>

     <bean:define id="contextBean" name="sessionBean" property="servletContext"/>

// contextBean為javax.servlet.ServletContext類型，實例化

<bean:write name="contextBean" property="servletContextName"/>

   name和type屬性（用于復制）：<bean:define id="contextBean_copy" name="contextBean"

                    type="javax.servlet.ServletContext"/>

<bean:write name="contextBean_copy" property="majorVersion"/>

三．Struts Logic標簽：

1.邏輯判斷：（greatEqual,lessEqual,greatThan...）

<% Cookie c = new Cookie("username", "Linda");      c.setComment("A test cookie");

         c.setMaxAge(3600);    response.addCookie(c); %>

a.<logic:equal cookie="username" value="Linda">UserName is Linda  </logic:equal>

b. <%  SomeBean bean=new SomeBean();    bean.setName("Linda");

        request.setAttribute("someBean",bean);%>

<logic:notEqual name="someBean" property="name" value="Tom">not Tom </logic:notEqual>

c. <% request.setAttribute("number","100"); %>

<logic:lessThan name="number" value="100.0a" > "100" 小于"100.0a"</logic:lessThan >

2．字符串匹配：變量中是否包含指定的字符串

<%  request.setAttribute("authorName", "LindaSun");%>

a.<logic:match name="authorName" scope="request" value="Linda">

   <bean:write name="authorName"/> has the string 'Sun' in it.</logic:match>

  <logic:notMatch name="authorName" scope="request" value="Linda" /> //還有end屬性

<logic:match name="authorName" scope="request" value="Linda" location="start">

<bean:write name="authorName"/> starts with the string 'Linda'.</logic:match>

3．判斷指定內容是否存在

<% ActionErrors errors = new ActionErrors();

errors.add("totallylost", new ActionMessage("application.totally.lost"));

request.setAttribute(Globals.ERROR_KEY, errors);

request.setAttribute("myerrors",errors);request.setAttribute("emptyString","");%>

a.<logic:empty name="emptyString">  emptyString is empty!  </logic:empty>

b.<logic:notPresent name="noSuchBean" property="noSuchProperty">

  判斷指定的安全角色，用戶,cookie,header或javaBean是否存在 </logic:notPresent>

c. <logic:messagesPresent name="myerrors" >在范圍內檢索key</logic:messagesPresent>

<logic:messagesNotPresent message="true">

從Globals.MESSAGE_KEY中檢索，不同于Globals.ERROR_KEY </logic:messagesNotPresent>

<logic:messagesNotPresent  property="noSuchError">

     從指定的ActionMessages對象中檢索  </logic:messagesNotPresent>

 

4．請求轉發或重定向a.<logic:forward name="index"/>,與配置中<global-forwards>同名

b.<logic:redirect />,也有page,href和forward三種屬性

5．循環遍歷//offset為開始位置，indexId為序號

a. 遍歷集合<% Vector animals=new Vector(); animals.addElement("Dog");

            animals.addElement("Cat"); animals.addElement("Bird");

request.setAttribute("Animals", animals);%>

<logic:iterate id="element" indexId="index" name="Animals" offset="1" length="2">

<bean:write name="index"/>.<bean:write name="element"/><BR></logic:iterate>

b. 遍歷Map<% HashMap h= new HashMap();String fruits[ ] = {"apple","orange","banana"};

h.put("Fruits", fruits); request.setAttribute("catalog", h); %>

<logic:iterate id="map" name="catalog"> <bean:write name="map" property="key"/><BR>

<logic:iterate id="val" name="map" property="value"><bean:write name="val"/>

</logic:iterate>   </logic:iterate>   //如果value不是集合就不用嵌套了

四．利用Tiles模板和Tiles組件創建復合式網頁

1.在web.xml中配置所需要的<tablib>url和location

2.建立tiles的xml文件放在WEB-INF下：<?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1" ?>

 <!DOCTYPE tiles-definitions PUBLIC

       "-//Apache Software Foundation//DTD Tiles Configuration 1.1//EN"

       "http://jakarta.apache.org/struts/dtds/tiles-config_1_1.dtd">

<tiles-definitions>  <definition  name="index-definition" path="/layout.jsp">

      <put name="header"  value="header.jsp"/>  

      <put name="content" value="indexContent.jsp"/>  

      <put name="footer"  value="footer.jsp"/> </definition>   

<definition  name="product-definition"  path="/layout.jsp">

      <put name="sidebar" value="sidebar.jsp"/>

      <put name="header"  value="header.jsp"/>  

      <put name="content" value="productContent.jsp"/>  

      <put name="footer"  value="footer.jsp"/>    </definition>

</tiles-definitions>

3．在struts配置文件中配置TilesPlugin插件（ctrl+n）:

<plug-in className="org.apache.struts.tiles.TilesPlugin" >

    <set-property property="definitions-config" value="/WEB-INF/tiles-defs.xml"/>

<set-property property="definitions-parser-validate" value="true"/>  </plug-in>

4.在Action已經存在ActionServlet,并在struts配置文件中配置Action來調用Tiles組件

<action path="/index"   type="org.apache.struts.actions.ForwardAction"

parameter="index-definition">    </action>

ForwardAction為Action內置對象，專門負責轉發功能，在將請求轉發給parameter的組件

 

5．在index.jsp中插入Tiles組件<%@ page contentType="text/html; charset=UTF-8" %>

<%@ taglib uri="/WEB-INF/struts-tiles.tld" prefix="tiles" %>

<tiles:insert definition="index-definition"/>

6.在layout.jsp文件中進行布局并設計好其他頁面：

<%@ taglib uri="/WEB-INF/struts-tiles.tld" prefix="tiles"%>

<table width="100%" height="100%">

  <tr><td height="15%"><tiles:insert attribute="header"/> </td>  </tr>

  <tr><td valign="top"><tiles:insert attribute="content"/> </td> </tr>

  <tr><td valign="bottom"><tiles:insert attribute="footer"/></td></tr>  </table>

備注：在需要出現的頁面只有寫<tiles:insert definition="*"/>就可以插入框架，根據definition中的content改變主體。

7．Tiles組件的組合（type="definition"）以示區別

<tiles-definitions>

   <definition  name="sidebar-definition"   path="/sidebar-layout.jsp">

      <put name="top"  value="flags.jsp"/>        </definition>

   <definition  name="index-definition"   path="/layout.jsp">

      <put name="sidebar" value="sidebar-definition" type="definition"/>

      <put name="header"  value="header.jsp"/>

   </definition>       </tiles-definitions>//將一個組件put成另一個組件的元素