值傳遞:方法調(diào)用時(shí),實(shí)際參數(shù)把它的值傳遞給對(duì)應(yīng)的形式參數(shù),方法執(zhí)行中形式參數(shù)值的改變不影響實(shí)際參 數(shù)的值。
引用傳遞:也稱為傳地址。方法調(diào)用時(shí),實(shí)際參數(shù)的引用(地址,而不是參數(shù)的值)被傳遞給方法中相對(duì)應(yīng)的形式參數(shù),在方法執(zhí)行中,對(duì)形式參數(shù)的操作實(shí)際上就是對(duì)實(shí)際參數(shù)的操作,方法執(zhí)行中形式參數(shù)值的改變將會(huì)影響實(shí)際參數(shù)的值。
下面舉例說(shuō)明:
傳值---傳遞基本數(shù)據(jù)類型參數(shù)
public class PassValue{
static void exchange(int a, int b){//靜態(tài)方法,交換a,b的值
int temp;
temp = a;
a = b;
b = temp;
}
public static void main(String[] args){
int i = 10;
int j = 100;
System.out.println("before call: " + "i=" + i + "\t" + "j = " + j);//調(diào)用前
exchange(i, j); //值傳遞,main方法只能調(diào)用靜態(tài)方法
System.out.println("after call: " + "i=" + i + "\t" + "j = " + j);//調(diào)用后
}
}
運(yùn)行結(jié)果:
before call: i = 10 j = 100
after call: i = 10 j = 100
說(shuō)明:調(diào)用exchange(i, j)時(shí),實(shí)際參數(shù)i,j分別把值傳遞給相應(yīng)的形式參數(shù)a,b,在執(zhí)行方法exchange()時(shí),形式參數(shù)a,b的值的改變不影響實(shí)際參數(shù)i和j的值,i和j的值在調(diào)用前后并沒改變。
引用傳遞---對(duì)象作為參數(shù)
如果在方法中把對(duì)象(或數(shù)組)作為參數(shù),方法調(diào)用時(shí),參數(shù)傳遞的是對(duì)象的引用(地址),即在方法調(diào)用時(shí),實(shí)際參數(shù)把對(duì)對(duì)象的引用(地址)傳遞給形式參數(shù)。這是實(shí)際參數(shù)與形式參數(shù)指向同一個(gè)地址,即同一個(gè)對(duì)象(數(shù)組),方法執(zhí)行時(shí),對(duì)形式參數(shù)的改變實(shí)際上就是對(duì)實(shí)際參數(shù)的改變,這個(gè)結(jié)果在調(diào)用結(jié)束后被保留了下來(lái)。
class Book{
String name;
private folat price;
Book(String n, float ){ //構(gòu)造方法
name = n;
price = p;
}
static void change(Book a_book, String n, float p){ //靜態(tài)方法,對(duì)象作為參數(shù)
a_book.name = n;
a_book.price = p;
}
public void output(){ //實(shí)例方法,輸出對(duì)象信息
System.out.println("name: " + name + "\t" + "price: " + price);
}
}
public class PassAddr{
public static void main(String [] args){
Book b = new Book("java2", 32.5f);
System.out.print("before call:\t"); //調(diào)用前
b.output();
b.change(b, "c++", 45.5f); //引用傳遞,傳遞對(duì)象b的引用,修改對(duì)象b的值
System.out.print("after call:\t"); //調(diào)用后
b.output();
}
}
運(yùn)行結(jié)果:
before call: name:java2 price:32.5
after call: name:c++ price:45.5
說(shuō)明:調(diào)用change(b,"c++",45.5f)時(shí),對(duì)象b作為實(shí)際參數(shù),把引用傳遞給相應(yīng)的形式參數(shù)a_book,實(shí)際上a_book也指向同一個(gè)對(duì)象,即該對(duì)象有兩個(gè)引用名:b和a_book。在執(zhí)行方法change()時(shí),對(duì)形式參數(shù)a_book操作就是對(duì)實(shí)際參數(shù)b的操作。
posted on 2007-10-23 22:23
jiafang83 閱讀(90448)
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