Ant是Java平臺(tái)下非常棒的批處理命令執(zhí)行程序,能非常方便地自動(dòng)完成編譯,測試,打包,部署等等一系列任務(wù),大大提高開發(fā)效率。如果你現(xiàn)在還沒有開始使用Ant,那就要趕快開始學(xué)習(xí)使用,使自己的開發(fā)水平上一個(gè)新臺(tái)階。
Eclipse中已經(jīng)集成了Ant,我們可以直接在Eclipse中運(yùn)行Ant。
以前面建立的Hello工程為例,創(chuàng)建以下目錄結(jié)構(gòu):
新建一個(gè)build.xml,放在工程根目錄下。build.xml定義了Ant要執(zhí)行的批處理命令。雖然Ant也可以使用其它文件名,但是遵循標(biāo)準(zhǔn)能更使開發(fā)更規(guī)范,同時(shí)易于與別人交流。
通常,src存放Java源文件,classes存放編譯后的class文件,lib存放編譯和運(yùn)行用到的所有jar文件,web存放JSP等web文件,dist存放打包后的jar文件,doc存放API文檔。
然后在根目錄下創(chuàng)建build.xml文件,輸入以下內(nèi)容:
<?xml version="1.0"?>
<project name="Hello world"
default="doc">
<!-- properies -->
<property name="src.dir"
value="src" />
<property name="report.dir"
value="report" />
<property name="classes.dir"
value="classes" />
<property name="lib.dir"
value="lib" />
<property name="dist.dir"
value="dist" />
<property name="doc.dir"
value="doc"/>
<!-- 定義classpath -->
<path id="master-classpath">
<fileset file="${lib.dir}/*.jar" />
<pathelement path="${classes.dir}"/>
</path>
<!-- 初始化任務(wù) -->
<target name="init">
</target>
<!-- 編譯 -->
<target name="compile" depends="init"
description="compile the source files">
<mkdir dir="${classes.dir}"/>
<javac srcdir="${src.dir}"
destdir="${classes.dir}"
target="1.4">
<classpath refid="master-classpath"/>
</javac>
</target>
<!-- 測試 -->
<target name="test" depends="compile"
description="run junit test">
<mkdir dir="${report.dir}"/>
<junit printsummary="on"
haltonfailure="false"
failureproperty="tests.failed"
showoutput="true">
<classpath refid="master-classpath" />
<formatter type="plain"/>
<batchtest todir="${report.dir}">
<fileset dir="${classes.dir}">
<include name="**/*Test.*"/>
</fileset>
</batchtest>
</junit>
<fail if="tests.failed">
********************************
**** One or more tests failed!
Check the output ... ****
********************************
</fail>
</target>
<!-- 打包成jar -->
<target name="pack" depends="test"
description="make .jar file">
<mkdir dir="${dist.dir}" />
<jar destfile="${dist.dir}/hello.jar"
basedir="${classes.dir}">
<exclude name="**/*Test.*" />
<exclude name="**/Test*.*" />
</jar>
</target>
<!-- 輸出api文檔 -->
<target name="doc" depends="pack"
description="create api doc">
<mkdir dir="${doc.dir}" />
<javadoc destdir="${doc.dir}"
author="true"
version="true"
use="true"
windowtitle="Test API">
<packageset dir="${src.dir}"
defaultexcludes="yes">
<include name="example/**" />
</packageset>
<doctitle><![CDATA[<h1>Hello,
test</h1>]]></doctitle>
<bottom><![CDATA
[<i>All Rights Reserved.</i>]]>
</bottom>
<tag name="todo" scope="all"
description="To do:" />
</javadoc>
</target>
</project>
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以上xml依次定義了init(初始化),compile(編譯),test(測試),doc(生成文檔),pack(打包)任務(wù),可以作為模板。
選中Hello工程,然后選擇“Project”,“Properties”,“Builders”,“New…”,選擇“Ant Build”:
填入Name:Ant_Builder;Buildfile:build.xml;Base Directory:${workspace_loc:/Hello}(按“Browse Workspace”選擇工程根目錄),由于用到了junit.jar包,搜索Eclipse目錄,找到j(luò)unit.jar,把它復(fù)制到Hello/lib目錄下,并添加到Ant的Classpath中:
然后在Builder面板中鉤上Ant_Build,去掉Java Builder:
再次編譯,即可在控制臺(tái)看到Ant的輸出:
Buildfile:
F:\eclipse-projects\Hello\build.xml
init:
compile:
[mkdir] Created dir:
F:\eclipse-projects\Hello\classes
[javac] Compiling 2 source files to
F:\eclipse-projects\Hello\classes
test:
[mkdir] Created dir:
F:\eclipse-projects\Hello\report
[junit] Running example.HelloTest
[junit] Tests run: 1, Failures:
0, Errors: 0, Time elapsed: 0.02 sec
pack:
[mkdir] Created dir:
F:\eclipse-projects\Hello\dist
[jar] Building jar:
F:\eclipse-projects\Hello\dist\hello.jar
doc:
[mkdir] Created dir:
F:\eclipse-projects\Hello\doc
[javadoc] Generating Javadoc
[javadoc] Javadoc execution
[javadoc] Loading source files
for package example...
[javadoc] Constructing
Javadoc information...
[javadoc] Standard Doclet
version 1.4.2_04
[javadoc] Building tree for all
the packages and classes...
[javadoc] Building index for all
the packages and classes...
[javadoc] Building index for all
classes...
[javadoc] Generating
F:\eclipse-projects\Hello\doc\stylesheet.css...
[javadoc] Note: Custom tags that
could override future standard tags:
@todo. To avoid potential overrides,
use at least one period character (.)
in custom tag names.
[javadoc] Note: Custom tags
that were not seen: @todo
BUILD SUCCESSFUL
Total time: 11 seconds
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Ant依次執(zhí)行初始化,編譯,測試,打包,生成API文檔一系列任務(wù),極大地提高了開發(fā)效率。將來開發(fā)J2EE項(xiàng)目時(shí),還可加入部署等任務(wù)。并且,即使脫離了Eclipse環(huán)境,只要正確安裝了Ant,配置好環(huán)境變量ANT_HOME=<Ant解壓目錄>,Path=…;%ANT_HOME%\bin,在命令行提示符下切換到Hello目錄,簡單地鍵入ant即可。