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一)環(huán)境說(shuō)明
(1)
服務(wù)器有4臺(tái)，一臺(tái)安裝apache,三臺(tái)安裝tomcat
(2)apache2.0.55、tomcat5.5.15、jk2.0.4、jdk1.5.6或jdk1.4.2
(3)ip配置,一臺(tái)安裝apache的ip為192.168.0.88,三臺(tái)安裝tomcat的服務(wù)器ip分別為192.168.0.1/2/4
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二)安裝過(guò)程
(1)
在三臺(tái)要安裝tomcat的服務(wù)器上先安裝jdk
(2)配置jdk的安裝路徑,在環(huán)境變量path中加入jdk的bin路徑,新建環(huán)境變量JAVA_HOME指向jdk的安裝路徑
(3)在三臺(tái)要安裝tomcat的服務(wù)器上分別安裝tomcat,調(diào)試三個(gè)tomcat到能夠正常啟動(dòng)
(4)tomcat的默認(rèn)WEB服務(wù)端口是8080,默認(rèn)的模式是單獨(dú)服務(wù),我的三個(gè)tomcat的WEB服務(wù)端口修改為7080/8888/9999
修改位置為tomcat的安裝目錄下的conf/server.xml
修改前的配置為
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????<Connector port="8080" maxHttpHeaderSize="8192"
?????????????? maxThreads="150" minSpareThreads="25" maxSpareThreads="75"
?????????????? enableLookups="false" redirectPort="8443" acceptCount="100"
?????????????? connectionTimeout="20000" disableUploadTimeout="true" />
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修改后的配置為
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????<Connector port="7080" maxHttpHeaderSize="8192"
?????????????? maxThreads="150" minSpareThreads="25" maxSpareThreads="75"
?????????????? enableLookups="false" redirectPort="8443" acceptCount="100"
?????????????? connectionTimeout="20000" disableUploadTimeout="true" />
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依次修改每個(gè)tomcat的監(jiān)聽(tīng)端口(7080/8888/9999)
(5)分別測(cè)試每個(gè)tomcat的啟動(dòng)是否正常
http://192.168.0.1:7080
http://192.168.0.2:8888
http://192.168.0.4:9999
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三)負(fù)載均衡配置過(guò)程
(1)
在那臺(tái)要安裝apache的服務(wù)器上安裝apache2.0.55,我的安裝路徑為默認(rèn)C:\Program Files\Apache Group\Apache2
(2)安裝后測(cè)試apache能否正常啟動(dòng)，調(diào)試到能夠正常啟動(dòng)http://192.168.0.88
(3)下載jk2.0.4后解壓縮文件
(4)將解壓縮后的目錄中的modules目錄中的mod_jk2.so文件復(fù)制到apache的安裝目錄下的modules目錄中,我的為C:\Program Files\Apache Group\Apache2\modules
(5)修改apache的安裝目錄中的conf目錄的配置文件httpd.conf，在文件中加LoadModule模塊配置信息的最后加上一句LoadModule jk2_module modules/mod_jk2.so
(6)分別修改三個(gè)tomcat的配置文件conf/server.xml，修改內(nèi)容如下
修改前
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????<!-- An Engine represents the entry point (within Catalina) that processes
???????? every request.??The Engine implementation for Tomcat stand alone
???????? analyzes the HTTP headers included with the request, and passes them
???????? on to the appropriate Host (virtual host). -->
????<!-- You should set jvmRoute to support load-balancing via AJP ie :
????<Engine name="Standalone" defaultHost="localhost" jvmRoute="jvm1">????????
????-->
????????
????<!-- Define the top level container in our container hierarchy -->
????<Engine name="Catalina" defaultHost="localhost">
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修改后
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????<!-- An Engine represents the entry point (within Catalina) that processes
???????? every request.??The Engine implementation for Tomcat stand alone
???????? analyzes the HTTP headers included with the request, and passes them
???????? on to the appropriate Host (virtual host). -->
????<!-- You should set jvmRoute to support load-balancing via AJP ie :-->
????<Engine name="Standalone" defaultHost="localhost" jvmRoute="tomcat1">????????
????
????????
????<!-- Define the top level container in our container hierarchy
????<Engine name="Catalina" defaultHost="localhost">
????-->
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將其中的jvmRoute="jvm1"分別修改為jvmRoute="tomcat1"和jvmRoute="tomcat2"和jvmRoute="tomcat3"
(7)然后重啟三個(gè)tomcat，調(diào)試能夠正常啟動(dòng)。
(8)在apache的安裝目錄中的conf目錄下創(chuàng)建文件workers2.propertie，寫入文件內(nèi)容如下
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# fine the communication channel
[channel.socket:192.168.0.1:8009]
info=Ajp13 forwarding over socket
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#
配置第一個(gè)服務(wù)器
tomcatId=tomcat1 #要和tomcat的配置文件server.xml中的jvmRoute="tomcat1"名稱一致
debug=0
lb_factor=1 #負(fù)載平衡因子，數(shù)字越大請(qǐng)求被分配的幾率越高
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# Define the communication channel
[channel.socket:192.168.0.2:8009]
info=Ajp13 forwarding over socket
tomcatId=tomcat2
debug=0
lb_factor=1
# Define the communication channel
[channel.socket:192.168.0.4:8009]
info=Ajp13 forwarding over socket
tomcatId=tomcat3
debug=0
lb_factor=1
[status:]
info=Status worker, displays runtime information.??
[uri:/jkstatus.jsp]
info=Display status information and checks the config file for changes.
group=status:
[uri:/*]
info=Map the whole webapp
debug=0
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(9)
在三個(gè)tomcat的安裝目錄中的webapps建立相同的應(yīng)用,我和應(yīng)用目錄名為TomcatDemo,在三個(gè)應(yīng)用目錄中建立相同 WEB-INF目錄和頁(yè)面index.jsp,index.jsp的頁(yè)面內(nèi)容如下
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<%@ page contentType="text/html; charset=GBK" %>
<%@ page import="java.util.*" %>
<html><head><title>Cluster App Test</title></head>
<body>
Server Info:
<%
out.println(request.getLocalAddr() + " : " + request.getLocalPort()+"<br>");%>
<%
??out.println("<br> ID " + session.getId()+"<br>");
??//
如果有新的 Session 屬性設(shè)置
??String dataName = request.getParameter("dataName");
??if (dataName != null && dataName.length() > 0) {
???? String dataValue = request.getParameter("dataValue");
???? session.setAttribute(dataName, dataValue);
??}
??out.print("<b>Session 列表</b>");
??Enumeration e = session.getAttributeNames();
??while (e.hasMoreElements()) {
???? String name = (String)e.nextElement();
???? String value = session.getAttribute(name).toString();
???? out.println( name + " = " + value+"<br>");
???????? System.out.println( name + " = " + value);
?? }
%>
??<form action="index.jsp" method="POST">
????名稱:<input type=text size=20 name="dataName">
???? <br>
????值:<input type=text size=20 name="dataValue">
???? <br>
????<input type=submit>
?? </form>
</body>
</html>
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(10)
重啟apache服務(wù)器和三個(gè)tomcat服務(wù)器,到此負(fù)載 均衡已配置完成。測(cè)試負(fù)載均衡先測(cè)試apache,訪問(wèn)http://192.168.0.88/jkstatus.jsp
能否正常訪問(wèn)，并查詢其中的內(nèi)容，有三個(gè)tomcat的相關(guān)配置信息和負(fù)載說(shuō)明,訪問(wèn)http://192.168.0.88/TomcatDemo/index.jsp看能夠運(yùn)行,
能運(yùn)行，則已建立負(fù)載均衡。
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四)tomcat集群配置
(1)
負(fù)載均衡配置的條件下配置tomcat集群
(2)分別修改三個(gè)tomcat的配置文件conf/server.xml,修改內(nèi)容如下
修改前
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???????<!--
????????<Cluster className="org.apache.catalina.cluster.tcp.SimpleTcpCluster"
???????????????? managerClassName="org.apache.catalina.cluster.session.DeltaManager"
???????????????? expireSessionsOnShutdown="false"
???????????????? useDirtyFlag="true"
???????????????? notifyListenersOnReplication="true">
????????????<Membership
????????????????className="org.apache.catalina.cluster.mcast.McastService"
????????????????mcastAddr="228.0.0.4"
????????????????mcastPort="45564"
????????????????mcastFrequency="500"
????????????????mcastDropTime="3000"/>
????????????<Receiver
????????????????className="org.apache.catalina.cluster.tcp.ReplicationListener"
????????????????tcpListenAddress="auto"
????????????????tcpListenPort="4001"
????????????????tcpSelectorTimeout="100"
????????????????tcpThreadCount="6"/>
????????????<Sender
????????????????className="org.apache.catalina.cluster.tcp.ReplicationTransmitter"
????????????????replicationMode="pooled"
????????????????ackTimeout="5000"/>
????????????<Valve className="org.apache.catalina.cluster.tcp.ReplicationValve"
?????????????????? filter=".*\.gif;.*\.js;.*\.jpg;.*\.png;.*\.htm;.*\.html;.*\.css;.*\.txt;"/>
??????????????????
????????????<Deployer className="org.apache.catalina.cluster.deploy.FarmWarDeployer"
??????????????????????tempDir="/tmp/war-temp/"
??????????????????????deployDir="/tmp/war-deploy/"
??????????????????????watchDir="/tmp/war-listen/"
??????????????????????watchEnabled="false"/>
??????????????????????
????????????<ClusterListener className="org.apache.catalina.cluster.session.ClusterSessionListener"/>
????????</Cluster>
????????-->??
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修改后
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???????<!-- modify by whh -->
????????<Cluster className="org.apache.catalina.cluster.tcp.SimpleTcpCluster"
???????????????? managerClassName="org.apache.catalina.cluster.session.DeltaManager"
???????????????? expireSessionsOnShutdown="false"
???????????????? useDirtyFlag="true"
???????????????? notifyListenersOnReplication="true">
????????????<Membership
????????????????className="org.apache.catalina.cluster.mcast.McastService"
????????????????mcastAddr="228.0.0.4"
????????????????mcastPort="45564"
????????????????mcastFrequency="500"
????????????????mcastDropTime="3000"/>
????????????<Receiver
????????????????className="org.apache.catalina.cluster.tcp.ReplicationListener"
????????????????tcpListenAddress="auto"
????????????????tcpListenPort="4001"
????????????????tcpSelectorTimeout="100"
????????????????tcpThreadCount="6"/>
????????????<Sender
????????????????className="org.apache.catalina.cluster.tcp.ReplicationTransmitter"
????????????????replicationMode="pooled"
????????????????ackTimeout="5000"/>
????????????<Valve className="org.apache.catalina.cluster.tcp.ReplicationValve"
?????????????????? filter=".*\.gif;.*\.js;.*\.jpg;.*\.png;.*\.htm;.*\.html;.*\.css;.*\.txt;"/>
??????????????????
????????????<Deployer className="org.apache.catalina.cluster.deploy.FarmWarDeployer"
??????????????????????tempDir="/tmp/war-temp/"
??????????????????????deployDir="/tmp/war-deploy/"
??????????????????????watchDir="/tmp/war-listen/"
??????????????????????watchEnabled="false"/>
??????????????????????
????????????<ClusterListener className="org.apache.catalina.cluster.session.ClusterSessionListener"/>
????????</Cluster>
?????? <!-- modify by whh -->
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將集群配置選項(xiàng)的注釋放開(kāi)即可，如上。
(3)重啟三個(gè)tomcat。到此tomcat的集群已配置完成。
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五)應(yīng)用配置
對(duì)于要進(jìn)行負(fù)載和集群的的tomcat目錄下的webapps中的應(yīng)用中的WEB-INF中的web.xml文件要添加如下一句配置
<distributable/>
配置前
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<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<web-app xmlns="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/j2ee" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi:schemaLocation="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/j2ee http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/j2ee/web-app_2_4.xsd" version="2.4">
??<display-name>TomcatDemo</display-name>
</web-app>
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配置后
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<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<web-app xmlns="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/j2ee" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi:schemaLocation="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/j2ee http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/j2ee/web-app_2_4.xsd" version="2.4">
??<display-name>TomcatDemo</display-name>
?? <distributable/>
</web-app>
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