在沒有使用Spring提供的Open Session In View情況下,因需要在service(or Dao)層里把session關(guān)閉,所以lazy loading 為true的話,要在應(yīng)用層內(nèi)把關(guān)系集合都初始化,如 company.getEmployees(),否則Hibernate拋session already closed Exception;    Open Session In View提供了一種簡(jiǎn)便的方法,較好地解決了lazy loading問題.

    它有兩種配置方式OpenSessionInViewInterceptor和OpenSessionInViewFilter(具體參看SpringSide),功能相同,只是一個(gè)在web.xml配置,另一個(gè)在application.xml配置而已。

    Open Session In View在request把session綁定到當(dāng)前thread期間一直保持hibernate session在open狀態(tài),使session在request的整個(gè)期間都可以使用,如在View層里PO也可以lazy loading數(shù)據(jù),如 ${ company.employees }。當(dāng)View 層邏輯完成后,才會(huì)通過Filter的doFilter方法或Interceptor的postHandle方法自動(dòng)關(guān)閉session。

 


OpenSessionInViewInterceptor配置

   
    <beans>
   
      <bean name="openSessionInViewInterceptor"
   
    class="org.springframework.orm.hibernate3.support.OpenSessionInViewInterceptor">
   
        <property name="sessionFactory">
   
          <ref bean="sessionFactory"/>
   
        </property>
   
      </bean>
   
      <bean id="urlMapping"
   
    class="org.springframework.web.servlet.handler.SimpleUrlHandlerMapping">
   
        <property name="interceptors">
   
          <list>
   
            <ref bean="openSessionInViewInterceptor"/>
   
          </list>
   
        </property>
   
        <property name="mappings">
   
        ...
   
        </property>
   
      </bean>
   
    ...
   
    </beans>
   


OpenSessionInViewFilter配置

   
    <web-app>
   
    ...
   
      <filter>
   
        <filter-name>hibernateFilter</filter-name>
   
        <filter-class>
   
          org.springframework.orm.hibernate3.support.OpenSessionInViewFilter
   
        </filter-class>
   
        <!-- singleSession默認(rèn)為true,若設(shè)為false則等于沒用OpenSessionInView -->
   
        <init-param>
   
          <param-name>singleSession</param-name>
   
          <param-value>true</param-value>
   
        </init-param>
   
      </filter>
   
    ...
   
      <filter-mapping>
   
        <filter-name>hibernateFilter</filter-name>
   
        <url-pattern>*.do</url-pattern>
   
      </filter-mapping>
   
    ...
   
    </web-app>
   


很多人在使用OpenSessionInView過程中提及一個(gè)錯(cuò)誤:


   
    org.springframework.dao.InvalidDataAccessApiUsageException: Write operations
   
    are not allowed in read-only mode (FlushMode.NEVER) - turn your Session into
   
    FlushMode.AUTO or remove 'readOnly' marker from transaction definition
   


看看OpenSessionInViewFilter里的幾個(gè)方法


   
    protected void doFilterInternal(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response,FilterChain filterChain) throws ServletException, IOException { SessionFactory sessionFactory = lookupSessionFactory(); logger.debug("Opening Hibernate Session in OpenSessionInViewFilter"); Session session = getSession(sessionFactory); TransactionSynchronizationManager.bindResource(  sessionFactory, new SessionHolder(session)); try {  filterChain.doFilter(request, response); } finally { TransactionSynchronizationManager.unbindResource(sessionFactory); logger.debug("Closing Hibernate Session in OpenSessionInViewFilter"); closeSession(session, sessionFactory); }}
   
    protected Session getSession(SessionFactory sessionFactory)throws DataAccessResourceFailureException { Session session = SessionFactoryUtils.getSession(sessionFactory, true); session.setFlushMode(FlushMode.NEVER); return session;}
    protected void closeSession(Session session, SessionFactory sessionFactory)throws CleanupFailureDataAccessException { SessionFactoryUtils.closeSessionIfNecessary(session, sessionFactory);}


           關(guān)于綁定session的方式,通過看spring里TransactionSynchronizationManager的實(shí)現(xiàn),發(fā)現(xiàn):它維護(hù)一個(gè)java.lang.ThreadLocal類型的resources,resources負(fù)責(zé)持有線程局部變量,這里resources持有的是一個(gè)HashMap,通過TransactionSynchronizationManager.bindResource()方法在map里綁定和線程相關(guān)的所有變量到他們的標(biāo)識(shí)上,包括如上所述的綁定在sessionFactory上的線程局部session。sessionHolder只不過是存放可以hold一個(gè)session并可以和transtaction同步的容器。可以看到OpenSessionInViewFilter在getSession的時(shí)候,會(huì)把獲取回來的session的flush mode 設(shè)為FlushMode.NEVER。然后把該sessionFactory綁定到TransactionSynchronizationManager,使request的整個(gè)過程都使用同一個(gè)session,在請(qǐng)求過后再接除該sessionFactory的綁定,最后closeSessionIfNecessary根據(jù)該session是否已和transaction綁定來決定是否關(guān)閉session。綁定以后,就可以防止每次不會(huì)新開一個(gè)Session呢?看看HibernateDaoSupport的情況:

     1.  public final void setSessionFactory(SessionFactory sessionFactory) {    2.      this.hibernateTemplate = new HibernateTemplate(sessionFactory);    3.  }    4.  protected final HibernateTemplate getHibernateTemplate() {    5.      return hibernateTemplate;    6.  }
        我們的DAO將使用這個(gè)template進(jìn)行操作.

public abstract class BaseHibernateObjectDao extends HibernateDaoSupport
implements BaseObjectDao {
     protected BaseEntityObject getByClassId(final long id) {
                BaseEntityObject obj =(BaseEntityObject) getHibernateTemplate().execute(new HibernateCallback() {
                        public Object doInHibernate(Session session) throws HibernateException {
                                    return session.get(getPersistentClass(),new Long(id));
                        }
                });
                return obj;
      }
     public void save(BaseEntityObject entity) {
                  getHibernateTemplate().saveOrUpdate(entity);
     }

    public void remove(BaseEntityObject entity) {
              try {
                     getHibernateTemplate().delete(entity);
              } catch (Exception e) {
                      throw new FlexEnterpriseDataAccessException(e);
             }
     }

      public void refresh(final BaseEntityObject entity) {
               getHibernateTemplate().execute(new HibernateCallback() {
                          public Object doInHibernate(Session session) throws HibernateException {
                                      session.refresh(entity);
                                      return null;
                          }
               });
      }

     public void replicate(final Object entity) {
                getHibernateTemplate().execute(new HibernateCallback() {
                          public Object doInHibernate(Session session)throws HibernateException {
                                      session.replicate(entity,ReplicationMode.OVERWRITE);
                                      return null;
               }
                });
      }
}

        而HibernateTemplate試圖每次在execute之前去獲得Session,執(zhí)行完就力爭(zhēng)關(guān)閉Session

  1. public Object execute(HibernateCallback action) throws DataAccessException {  2.    Session session = (!this.allowCreate ?  3.          SessionFactoryUtils.getSession(getSessionFactory(),   4.                false) :  5.          SessionFactoryUtils.getSession(getSessionFactory(),  6.                 getEntityInterceptor(),  7.                 getJdbcExceptionTranslator()));  8.     boolean existingTransaction =    9.         TransactionSynchronizationManager.hasResource(getSessionFactory());  10.    if (!existingTransaction && getFlushMode() == FLUSH_NEVER) {  11.          session.setFlushMode(FlushMode.NEVER);  12.    }  13.    try {  14.          Object result = action.doInHibernate(session);  15.          flushIfNecessary(session, existingTransaction);  16.          return result;  17.    }  18.    catch (HibernateException ex) {  19.          throw convertHibernateAccessException(ex);  20.    }  21.    finally {  22.          SessionFactoryUtils.closeSessionIfNecessary(  23.                  session, getSessionFactory());  24.    }  25. }
      而這個(gè)SessionFactoryUtils能否得到當(dāng)前的session以及closeSessionIfNecessary是否真正關(guān)閉session,端取決于這個(gè)session是否用sessionHolder和這個(gè)sessionFactory在我們最開始提到的TransactionSynchronizationManager綁定。

     public static void closeSessionIfNecessary(Session session, SessionFactory sessionFactory)


   
          throws CleanupFailureDataAccessException {
   
        if (session == null || TransactionSynchronizationManager.hasResource(sessionFactory)) {
   
          return;
   
        }
   
        logger.debug("Closing Hibernate session");
   
        try {
   
          session.close();
   
        }
   
        catch (JDBCException ex) {
   
          // SQLException underneath
   
          throw new CleanupFailureDataAccessException("Could not close Hibernate session", ex.getSQLException());
   
        }
   
        catch (HibernateException ex) {
   
          throw new CleanupFailureDataAccessException("Could not close Hibernate session", ex);
   
        }
   
      }
   


    在這個(gè)過程中,若HibernateTemplate 發(fā)現(xiàn)自當(dāng)前session有不是readOnly的transaction,就會(huì)獲取到FlushMode.AUTO Session,使方法擁有寫權(quán)限。也即是,如果有不是readOnly的transaction就可以由Flush.NEVER轉(zhuǎn)為Flush.AUTO,擁有insert,update,delete操作權(quán)限,如果沒有transaction,并且沒有另外人為地設(shè)flush model的話,則doFilter的整個(gè)過程都是Flush.NEVER。所以受transaction保護(hù)的方法有寫權(quán)限,沒受保護(hù)的則沒有。

可能的解決方式有:
1、將singleSession設(shè)為false,這樣只要改web.xml,缺點(diǎn)是Hibernate Session的Instance可能會(huì)大增,使用的JDBC Connection量也會(huì)大增,如果Connection Pool的maxPoolSize設(shè)得太小,很容易就出問題。
2、在控制器中自行管理Session的FlushMode,麻煩的是每個(gè)有Modify的Method都要多幾行程式。
      session.setFlushMode(FlushMode.AUTO);
      session.update(user);
      session.flush();
3、Extend OpenSessionInViewFilter,Override protected Session getSession(SessionFactory sessionFactory),將FlushMode直接改為Auto。
4、讓方法受Spring的事務(wù)控制。這就是常使用的方法:
采用spring的事務(wù)聲明,使方法受transaction控制


   
      <bean id="baseTransaction" class="org.springframework.transaction.interceptor.TransactionProxyFactoryBean"           abstract="true">         <property name="transactionManager" ref="transactionManager"/>         <property name="proxyTargetClass" value="true"/>         <property name="transactionAttributes">             <props>                 <prop key="get*">PROPAGATION_REQUIRED,readOnly</prop>                 <prop key="find*">PROPAGATION_REQUIRED,readOnly</prop>                 <prop key="load*">PROPAGATION_REQUIRED,readOnly</prop>                 <prop key="save*">PROPAGATION_REQUIRED</prop>                 <prop key="add*">PROPAGATION_REQUIRED</prop>                 <prop key="update*">PROPAGATION_REQUIRED</prop>                 <prop key="remove*">PROPAGATION_REQUIRED</prop>             </props>         </property>     </bean>
   
        <bean id="userService" parent="baseTransaction">         <property name="target">             <bean class="com.phopesoft.security.service.impl.UserServiceImpl"/>         </property>     </bean>


 
對(duì)于上例,則以save,add,update,remove開頭的方法擁有可寫的事務(wù),如果當(dāng)前有某個(gè)方法,如命名為importExcel(),則因沒有transaction而沒有寫權(quán)限,這時(shí)若方法內(nèi)有insert,update,delete操作的話,則需要手動(dòng)設(shè)置flush model為Flush.AUTO,如

   
       
         session.setFlushMode(FlushMode.AUTO);
       
         session.save(user);
       
         session.flush();
       
   
   
     盡管Open Session In View看起來還不錯(cuò),其實(shí)副作用不少。看回上面OpenSessionInViewFilter的doFilterInternal方法代碼,這個(gè)方法實(shí)際上是被父類的doFilter調(diào)用的,因此,我們可以大約了解的OpenSessionInViewFilter調(diào)用流程: request(請(qǐng)求)->open session并開始transaction->controller->View(Jsp)->結(jié)束transaction并close session.

     一切看起來很正確,尤其是在本地開發(fā)測(cè)試的時(shí)候沒出現(xiàn)問題,但試想下如果流程中的某一步被阻塞的話,那在這期間connection就一直被占用而不釋放。最有可能被阻塞的就是在寫Jsp這步,一方面可能是頁(yè)面內(nèi)容大,response.write的時(shí)間長(zhǎng),另一方面可能是網(wǎng)速慢,服務(wù)器與用戶間傳輸時(shí)間久。當(dāng)大量這樣的情況出現(xiàn)時(shí),就有連接池連接不足,造成頁(yè)面假死現(xiàn)象。

Open Session In View是個(gè)雙刃劍,放在公網(wǎng)上內(nèi)容多流量大的網(wǎng)站請(qǐng)慎用。

 

另外:這樣會(huì)產(chǎn)生一點(diǎn)危險(xiǎn)性,畢竟把數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)訪問的環(huán)境放到了表現(xiàn)層。(用VO)