在沒有使用Spring提供的Open Session In View情況下,因需要在service(or Dao)層里把session關(guān)閉,所以lazy loading 為true的話,要在應(yīng)用層內(nèi)把關(guān)系集合都初始化,如 company.getEmployees(),否則Hibernate拋session already closed Exception; Open Session In View提供了一種簡(jiǎn)便的方法,較好地解決了lazy loading問題.
它有兩種配置方式OpenSessionInViewInterceptor和OpenSessionInViewFilter(具體參看SpringSide),功能相同,只是一個(gè)在web.xml配置,另一個(gè)在application.xml配置而已。
Open Session In View在request把session綁定到當(dāng)前thread期間一直保持hibernate session在open狀態(tài),使session在request的整個(gè)期間都可以使用,如在View層里PO也可以lazy loading數(shù)據(jù),如 ${ company.employees }。當(dāng)View 層邏輯完成后,才會(huì)通過Filter的doFilter方法或Interceptor的postHandle方法自動(dòng)關(guān)閉session。
OpenSessionInViewInterceptor配置
<beans>
<bean name="openSessionInViewInterceptor"
class="org.springframework.orm.hibernate3.support.OpenSessionInViewInterceptor">
<property name="sessionFactory">
<ref bean="sessionFactory"/>
</property>
</bean>
<bean id="urlMapping"
class="org.springframework.web.servlet.handler.SimpleUrlHandlerMapping">
<property name="interceptors">
<list>
<ref bean="openSessionInViewInterceptor"/>
</list>
</property>
<property name="mappings">
...
</property>
</bean>
...
</beans>
OpenSessionInViewFilter配置
<web-app>
...
<filter>
<filter-name>hibernateFilter</filter-name>
<filter-class>
org.springframework.orm.hibernate3.support.OpenSessionInViewFilter
</filter-class>
<!-- singleSession默認(rèn)為true,若設(shè)為false則等于沒用OpenSessionInView -->
<init-param>
<param-name>singleSession</param-name>
<param-value>true</param-value>
</init-param>
</filter>
...
<filter-mapping>
<filter-name>hibernateFilter</filter-name>
<url-pattern>*.do</url-pattern>
</filter-mapping>
...
</web-app>
很多人在使用OpenSessionInView過程中提及一個(gè)錯(cuò)誤:
org.springframework.dao.InvalidDataAccessApiUsageException: Write operations
are not allowed in read-only mode (FlushMode.NEVER) - turn your Session into
FlushMode.AUTO or remove 'readOnly' marker from transaction definition
看看OpenSessionInViewFilter里的幾個(gè)方法
protected void doFilterInternal(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response,FilterChain filterChain) throws ServletException, IOException { SessionFactory sessionFactory = lookupSessionFactory(); logger.debug("Opening Hibernate Session in OpenSessionInViewFilter"); Session session = getSession(sessionFactory); TransactionSynchronizationManager.bindResource( sessionFactory, new SessionHolder(session)); try { filterChain.doFilter(request, response); } finally { TransactionSynchronizationManager.unbindResource(sessionFactory); logger.debug("Closing Hibernate Session in OpenSessionInViewFilter"); closeSession(session, sessionFactory); }}
protected Session getSession(SessionFactory sessionFactory)throws DataAccessResourceFailureException { Session session = SessionFactoryUtils.getSession(sessionFactory, true); session.setFlushMode(FlushMode.NEVER); return session;}
protected void closeSession(Session session, SessionFactory sessionFactory)throws CleanupFailureDataAccessException { SessionFactoryUtils.closeSessionIfNecessary(session, sessionFactory);}
關(guān)于綁定session的方式,通過看spring里TransactionSynchronizationManager的實(shí)現(xiàn),發(fā)現(xiàn):它維護(hù)一個(gè)java.lang.ThreadLocal類型的resources,resources負(fù)責(zé)持有線程局部變量,這里resources持有的是一個(gè)HashMap,通過TransactionSynchronizationManager.bindResource()方法在map里綁定和線程相關(guān)的所有變量到他們的標(biāo)識(shí)上,包括如上所述的綁定在sessionFactory上的線程局部session。sessionHolder只不過是存放可以hold一個(gè)session并可以和transtaction同步的容器。可以看到OpenSessionInViewFilter在getSession的時(shí)候,會(huì)把獲取回來的session的flush mode 設(shè)為FlushMode.NEVER。然后把該sessionFactory綁定到TransactionSynchronizationManager,使request的整個(gè)過程都使用同一個(gè)session,在請(qǐng)求過后再接除該sessionFactory的綁定,最后closeSessionIfNecessary根據(jù)該session是否已和transaction綁定來決定是否關(guān)閉session。綁定以后,就可以防止每次不會(huì)新開一個(gè)Session呢?看看HibernateDaoSupport的情況:
1. public final void setSessionFactory(SessionFactory sessionFactory) { 2. this.hibernateTemplate = new HibernateTemplate(sessionFactory); 3. } 4. protected final HibernateTemplate getHibernateTemplate() { 5. return hibernateTemplate; 6. }
我們的DAO將使用這個(gè)template進(jìn)行操作.
public abstract class BaseHibernateObjectDao extends HibernateDaoSupport
implements BaseObjectDao {
protected BaseEntityObject getByClassId(final long id) {
BaseEntityObject obj =(BaseEntityObject) getHibernateTemplate().execute(new HibernateCallback() {
public Object doInHibernate(Session session) throws HibernateException {
return session.get(getPersistentClass(),new Long(id));
}
});
return obj;
}
public void save(BaseEntityObject entity) {
getHibernateTemplate().saveOrUpdate(entity);
}
public void remove(BaseEntityObject entity) {
try {
getHibernateTemplate().delete(entity);
} catch (Exception e) {
throw new FlexEnterpriseDataAccessException(e);
}
}
public void refresh(final BaseEntityObject entity) {
getHibernateTemplate().execute(new HibernateCallback() {
public Object doInHibernate(Session session) throws HibernateException {
session.refresh(entity);
return null;
}
});
}
public void replicate(final Object entity) {
getHibernateTemplate().execute(new HibernateCallback() {
public Object doInHibernate(Session session)throws HibernateException {
session.replicate(entity,ReplicationMode.OVERWRITE);
return null;
}
});
}
}
而HibernateTemplate試圖每次在execute之前去獲得Session,執(zhí)行完就力爭(zhēng)關(guān)閉Session
1. public Object execute(HibernateCallback action) throws DataAccessException { 2. Session session = (!this.allowCreate ? 3. SessionFactoryUtils.getSession(getSessionFactory(), 4. false) : 5. SessionFactoryUtils.getSession(getSessionFactory(), 6. getEntityInterceptor(), 7. getJdbcExceptionTranslator())); 8. boolean existingTransaction = 9. TransactionSynchronizationManager.hasResource(getSessionFactory()); 10. if (!existingTransaction && getFlushMode() == FLUSH_NEVER) { 11. session.setFlushMode(FlushMode.NEVER); 12. } 13. try { 14. Object result = action.doInHibernate(session); 15. flushIfNecessary(session, existingTransaction); 16. return result; 17. } 18. catch (HibernateException ex) { 19. throw convertHibernateAccessException(ex); 20. } 21. finally { 22. SessionFactoryUtils.closeSessionIfNecessary( 23. session, getSessionFactory()); 24. } 25. }
而這個(gè)SessionFactoryUtils能否得到當(dāng)前的session以及closeSessionIfNecessary是否真正關(guān)閉session,端取決于這個(gè)session是否用sessionHolder和這個(gè)sessionFactory在我們最開始提到的TransactionSynchronizationManager綁定。
public static void closeSessionIfNecessary(Session session, SessionFactory sessionFactory)
throws CleanupFailureDataAccessException {
if (session == null || TransactionSynchronizationManager.hasResource(sessionFactory)) {
return;
}
logger.debug("Closing Hibernate session");
try {
session.close();
}
catch (JDBCException ex) {
// SQLException underneath
throw new CleanupFailureDataAccessException("Could not close Hibernate session", ex.getSQLException());
}
catch (HibernateException ex) {
throw new CleanupFailureDataAccessException("Could not close Hibernate session", ex);
}
}
在這個(gè)過程中,若HibernateTemplate 發(fā)現(xiàn)自當(dāng)前session有不是readOnly的transaction,就會(huì)獲取到FlushMode.AUTO Session,使方法擁有寫權(quán)限。也即是,如果有不是readOnly的transaction就可以由Flush.NEVER轉(zhuǎn)為Flush.AUTO,擁有insert,update,delete操作權(quán)限,如果沒有transaction,并且沒有另外人為地設(shè)flush model的話,則doFilter的整個(gè)過程都是Flush.NEVER。所以受transaction保護(hù)的方法有寫權(quán)限,沒受保護(hù)的則沒有。
可能的解決方式有:
1、將singleSession設(shè)為false,這樣只要改web.xml,缺點(diǎn)是Hibernate Session的Instance可能會(huì)大增,使用的JDBC Connection量也會(huì)大增,如果Connection Pool的maxPoolSize設(shè)得太小,很容易就出問題。
2、在控制器中自行管理Session的FlushMode,麻煩的是每個(gè)有Modify的Method都要多幾行程式。
session.setFlushMode(FlushMode.AUTO);
session.update(user);
session.flush();
3、Extend OpenSessionInViewFilter,Override protected Session getSession(SessionFactory sessionFactory),將FlushMode直接改為Auto。
4、讓方法受Spring的事務(wù)控制。這就是常使用的方法:
采用spring的事務(wù)聲明,使方法受transaction控制
<bean id="baseTransaction" class="org.springframework.transaction.interceptor.TransactionProxyFactoryBean" abstract="true"> <property name="transactionManager" ref="transactionManager"/> <property name="proxyTargetClass" value="true"/> <property name="transactionAttributes"> <props> <prop key="get*">PROPAGATION_REQUIRED,readOnly</prop> <prop key="find*">PROPAGATION_REQUIRED,readOnly</prop> <prop key="load*">PROPAGATION_REQUIRED,readOnly</prop> <prop key="save*">PROPAGATION_REQUIRED</prop> <prop key="add*">PROPAGATION_REQUIRED</prop> <prop key="update*">PROPAGATION_REQUIRED</prop> <prop key="remove*">PROPAGATION_REQUIRED</prop> </props> </property> </bean>
<bean id="userService" parent="baseTransaction"> <property name="target"> <bean class="com.phopesoft.security.service.impl.UserServiceImpl"/> </property> </bean>
對(duì)于上例,則以save,add,update,remove開頭的方法擁有可寫的事務(wù),如果當(dāng)前有某個(gè)方法,如命名為importExcel(),則因沒有transaction而沒有寫權(quán)限,這時(shí)若方法內(nèi)有insert,update,delete操作的話,則需要手動(dòng)設(shè)置flush model為Flush.AUTO,如
session.setFlushMode(FlushMode.AUTO);
session.save(user);
session.flush();
盡管Open Session In View看起來還不錯(cuò),其實(shí)副作用不少。看回上面OpenSessionInViewFilter的doFilterInternal方法代碼,這個(gè)方法實(shí)際上是被父類的doFilter調(diào)用的,因此,我們可以大約了解的OpenSessionInViewFilter調(diào)用流程: request(請(qǐng)求)->open session并開始transaction->controller->View(Jsp)->結(jié)束transaction并close session.
一切看起來很正確,尤其是在本地開發(fā)測(cè)試的時(shí)候沒出現(xiàn)問題,但試想下如果流程中的某一步被阻塞的話,那在這期間connection就一直被占用而不釋放。最有可能被阻塞的就是在寫Jsp這步,一方面可能是頁(yè)面內(nèi)容大,response.write的時(shí)間長(zhǎng),另一方面可能是網(wǎng)速慢,服務(wù)器與用戶間傳輸時(shí)間久。當(dāng)大量這樣的情況出現(xiàn)時(shí),就有連接池連接不足,造成頁(yè)面假死現(xiàn)象。
Open Session In View是個(gè)雙刃劍,放在公網(wǎng)上內(nèi)容多流量大的網(wǎng)站請(qǐng)慎用。
另外:這樣會(huì)產(chǎn)生一點(diǎn)危險(xiǎn)性,畢竟把數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)訪問的環(huán)境放到了表現(xiàn)層。(用VO)