轉(zhuǎn)載自 http://www.ibm.com/developerworks/cn/java/joy-down/
斷點(diǎn)續(xù)傳的原理
其實(shí)斷點(diǎn)續(xù)傳的原理很簡(jiǎn)單，就是在 Http 的請(qǐng)求上和一般的下載有所不同而已。
打個(gè)比方，瀏覽器請(qǐng)求服務(wù)器上的一個(gè)文時(shí)，所發(fā)出的請(qǐng)求如下：
假設(shè)服務(wù)器域名為 wwww.sjtu.edu.cn，文件名為 down.zip。
GET /down.zip HTTP/1.1
Accept: image/gif, image/x-xbitmap, image/jpeg, image/pjpeg, application/vnd.ms-
excel, application/msword, application/vnd.ms-powerpoint, */*
Accept-Language: zh-cn
Accept-Encoding: gzip, deflate
User-Agent: Mozilla/4.0 (compatible; MSIE 5.01; Windows NT 5.0)
Connection: Keep-Alive
服務(wù)器收到請(qǐng)求后，按要求尋找請(qǐng)求的文件，提取文件的信息，然后返回給瀏覽器，返回信息如下：
200
Content-Length=106786028
Accept-Ranges=bytes
Date=Mon, 30 Apr 2001 12:56:11 GMT
ETag=W/"02ca57e173c11:95b"
Content-Type=application/octet-stream
Server=Microsoft-IIS/5.0
Last-Modified=Mon, 30 Apr 2001 12:56:11 GMT
所謂斷點(diǎn)續(xù)傳，也就是要從文件已經(jīng)下載的地方開(kāi)始繼續(xù)下載。所以在客戶(hù)端瀏覽器傳給 Web 服務(wù)器的時(shí)候要多加一條信息 -- 從哪里開(kāi)始。
下面是用自己編的一個(gè)"瀏覽器"來(lái)傳遞請(qǐng)求信息給 Web 服務(wù)器，要求從 2000070 字節(jié)開(kāi)始。
GET /down.zip HTTP/1.0
User-Agent: NetFox
RANGE: bytes=2000070-
Accept: text/html, image/gif, image/jpeg, *; q=.2, */*; q=.2
仔細(xì)看一下就會(huì)發(fā)現(xiàn)多了一行 RANGE: bytes=2000070-
這一行的意思就是告訴服務(wù)器 down.zip 這個(gè)文件從 2000070 字節(jié)開(kāi)始傳，前面的字節(jié)不用傳了。
服務(wù)器收到這個(gè)請(qǐng)求以后，返回的信息如下：
206
Content-Length=106786028
Content-Range=bytes 2000070-106786027/106786028
Date=Mon, 30 Apr 2001 12:55:20 GMT
ETag=W/"02ca57e173c11:95b"
Content-Type=application/octet-stream
Server=Microsoft-IIS/5.0
Last-Modified=Mon, 30 Apr 2001 12:55:20 GMT
和前面服務(wù)器返回的信息比較一下，就會(huì)發(fā)現(xiàn)增加了一行：
Content-Range=bytes 2000070-106786027/106786028
返回的代碼也改為 206 了，而不再是 200 了。
知道了以上原理，就可以進(jìn)行斷點(diǎn)續(xù)傳的編程了。
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Java 實(shí)現(xiàn)斷點(diǎn)續(xù)傳的關(guān)鍵幾點(diǎn)
- (1) 用什么方法實(shí)現(xiàn)提交 RANGE: bytes=2000070-。
當(dāng)然用最原始的 Socket 是肯定能完成的，不過(guò)那樣太費(fèi)事了，其實(shí) Java 的 net 包中提供了這種功能。代碼如下：
URL url = new URL("http://www.sjtu.edu.cn/down.zip");
HttpURLConnection httpConnection = (HttpURLConnection)url.openConnection();
// 設(shè)置 User-Agent
httpConnection.setRequestProperty("User-Agent","NetFox");
// 設(shè)置斷點(diǎn)續(xù)傳的開(kāi)始位置
httpConnection.setRequestProperty("RANGE","bytes=2000070");
// 獲得輸入流
InputStream input = httpConnection.getInputStream();
從輸入流中取出的字節(jié)流就是 down.zip 文件從 2000070 開(kāi)始的字節(jié)流。大家看，其實(shí)斷點(diǎn)續(xù)傳用 Java 實(shí)現(xiàn)起來(lái)還是很簡(jiǎn)單的吧。接下來(lái)要做的事就是怎么保存獲得的流到文件中去了。
- 保存文件采用的方法。
我采用的是 IO 包中的 RandAccessFile 類(lèi)。
操作相當(dāng)簡(jiǎn)單，假設(shè)從 2000070 處開(kāi)始保存文件，代碼如下：
RandomAccess oSavedFile = new RandomAccessFile("down.zip","rw");
long nPos = 2000070;
// 定位文件指針到 nPos 位置
oSavedFile.seek(nPos);
byte[] b = new byte[1024];
int nRead;
// 從輸入流中讀入字節(jié)流，然后寫(xiě)到文件中
while((nRead=input.read(b,0,1024)) > 0)
{
oSavedFile.write(b,0,nRead);
}
怎么樣，也很簡(jiǎn)單吧。接下來(lái)要做的就是整合成一個(gè)完整的程序了。包括一系列的線(xiàn)程控制等等。
斷點(diǎn)續(xù)傳內(nèi)核的實(shí)現(xiàn)
主要用了 6 個(gè)類(lèi)，包括一個(gè)測(cè)試類(lèi)。
SiteFileFetch.java 負(fù)責(zé)整個(gè)文件的抓取，控制內(nèi)部線(xiàn)程 (FileSplitterFetch 類(lèi) )。
FileSplitterFetch.java 負(fù)責(zé)部分文件的抓取。
FileAccess.java 負(fù)責(zé)文件的存儲(chǔ)。
SiteInfoBean.java 要抓取的文件的信息，如文件保存的目錄，名字，抓取文件的 URL 等。
Utility.java 工具類(lèi)，放一些簡(jiǎn)單的方法。
TestMethod.java 測(cè)試類(lèi)。
下面是源程序：
/*
/*
* SiteFileFetch.java
*/
package NetFox;
import java.io.*;
import java.net.*;
public class SiteFileFetch extends Thread {
SiteInfoBean siteInfoBean = null; // 文件信息 Bean
long[] nStartPos; // 開(kāi)始位置
long[] nEndPos; // 結(jié)束位置
FileSplitterFetch[] fileSplitterFetch; // 子線(xiàn)程對(duì)象
long nFileLength; // 文件長(zhǎng)度
boolean bFirst = true; // 是否第一次取文件
boolean bStop = false; // 停止標(biāo)志
File tmpFile; // 文件下載的臨時(shí)信息
DataOutputStream output; // 輸出到文件的輸出流
public SiteFileFetch(SiteInfoBean bean) throws IOException
{
siteInfoBean = bean;
//tmpFile = File.createTempFile ("zhong","1111",new File(bean.getSFilePath()));
tmpFile = new File(bean.getSFilePath()+File.separator + bean.getSFileName()+".info");
if(tmpFile.exists ())
{
bFirst = false;
read_nPos();
}
else
{
nStartPos = new long[bean.getNSplitter()];
nEndPos = new long[bean.getNSplitter()];
}
}
public void run()
{
// 獲得文件長(zhǎng)度
// 分割文件
// 實(shí)例 FileSplitterFetch
// 啟動(dòng) FileSplitterFetch 線(xiàn)程
// 等待子線(xiàn)程返回
try{
if(bFirst)
{
nFileLength = getFileSize();
if(nFileLength == -1)
{
System.err.println("File Length is not known!");
}
else if(nFileLength == -2)
{
System.err.println("File is not access!");
}
else
{
for(int i=0;i<nStartPos.length;i++)
{
nStartPos[i] = (long)(i*(nFileLength/nStartPos.length));
}
for(int i=0;i<nEndPos.length-1;i++)
{
nEndPos[i] = nStartPos[i+1];
}
nEndPos[nEndPos.length-1] = nFileLength;
}
}
// 啟動(dòng)子線(xiàn)程
fileSplitterFetch = new FileSplitterFetch[nStartPos.length];
for(int i=0;i<nStartPos.length;i++)
{
fileSplitterFetch[i] = new FileSplitterFetch(siteInfoBean.getSSiteURL(),
siteInfoBean.getSFilePath() + File.separator + siteInfoBean.getSFileName(),
nStartPos[i],nEndPos[i],i);
Utility.log("Thread " + i + " , nStartPos = " + nStartPos[i] + ", nEndPos = "
+ nEndPos[i]);
fileSplitterFetch[i].start();
}
// fileSplitterFetch[nPos.length-1] = new FileSplitterFetch(siteInfoBean.getSSiteURL(),
siteInfoBean.getSFilePath() + File.separator
+ siteInfoBean.getSFileName(),nPos[nPos.length-1],nFileLength,nPos.length-1);
// Utility.log("Thread " +(nPos.length-1) + ",nStartPos = "+nPos[nPos.length-1]+",
nEndPos = " + nFileLength);
// fileSplitterFetch[nPos.length-1].start();
// 等待子線(xiàn)程結(jié)束
//int count = 0;
// 是否結(jié)束 while 循環(huán)
boolean breakWhile = false;
while(!bStop)
{
write_nPos();
Utility.sleep(500);
breakWhile = true;
for(int i=0;i<nStartPos.length;i++)
{
if(!fileSplitterFetch[i].bDownOver)
{
breakWhile = false;
break;
}
}
if(breakWhile)
break;
//count++;
//if(count>4)
// siteStop();
}
System.err.println("文件下載結(jié)束！");
}
catch(Exception e){e.printStackTrace ();}
}
// 獲得文件長(zhǎng)度
public long getFileSize()
{
int nFileLength = -1;
try{
URL url = new URL(siteInfoBean.getSSiteURL());
HttpURLConnection httpConnection = (HttpURLConnection)url.openConnection ();
httpConnection.setRequestProperty("User-Agent","NetFox");
int responseCode=httpConnection.getResponseCode();
if(responseCode>=400)
{
processErrorCode(responseCode);
return -2; //-2 represent access is error
}
String sHeader;
for(int i=1;;i++)
{
//DataInputStream in = new DataInputStream(httpConnection.getInputStream ());
//Utility.log(in.readLine());
sHeader=httpConnection.getHeaderFieldKey(i);
if(sHeader!=null)
{
if(sHeader.equals("Content-Length"))
{
nFileLength = Integer.parseInt(httpConnection.getHeaderField(sHeader));
break;
}
}
else
break;
}
}
catch(IOException e){e.printStackTrace ();}
catch(Exception e){e.printStackTrace ();}
Utility.log(nFileLength);
return nFileLength;
}
// 保存下載信息（文件指針位置）
private void write_nPos()
{
try{
output = new DataOutputStream(new FileOutputStream(tmpFile));
output.writeInt(nStartPos.length);
for(int i=0;i<nStartPos.length;i++)
{
// output.writeLong(nPos[i]);
output.writeLong(fileSplitterFetch[i].nStartPos);
output.writeLong(fileSplitterFetch[i].nEndPos);
}
output.close();
}
catch(IOException e){e.printStackTrace ();}
catch(Exception e){e.printStackTrace ();}
}
// 讀取保存的下載信息（文件指針位置）
private void read_nPos()
{
try{
DataInputStream input = new DataInputStream(new FileInputStream(tmpFile));
int nCount = input.readInt();
nStartPos = new long[nCount];
nEndPos = new long[nCount];
for(int i=0;i<nStartPos.length;i++)
{
nStartPos[i] = input.readLong();
nEndPos[i] = input.readLong();
}
input.close();
}
catch(IOException e){e.printStackTrace ();}
catch(Exception e){e.printStackTrace ();}
}
private void processErrorCode(int nErrorCode)
{
System.err.println("Error Code : " + nErrorCode);
}
// 停止文件下載
public void siteStop()
{
bStop = true;
for(int i=0;i<nStartPos.length;i++)
fileSplitterFetch[i].splitterStop();
}
}
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/*
**FileSplitterFetch.java
*/
package NetFox;
import java.io.*;
import java.net.*;
public class FileSplitterFetch extends Thread {
String sURL; //File URL
long nStartPos; //File Snippet Start Position
long nEndPos; //File Snippet End Position
int nThreadID; //Thread's ID
boolean bDownOver = false; //Downing is over
boolean bStop = false; //Stop identical
FileAccessI fileAccessI = null; //File Access interface
public FileSplitterFetch(String sURL,String sName,long nStart,long nEnd,int id)
throws IOException
{
this.sURL = sURL;
this.nStartPos = nStart;
this.nEndPos = nEnd;
nThreadID = id;
fileAccessI = new FileAccessI(sName,nStartPos);
}
public void run()
{
while(nStartPos < nEndPos && !bStop)
{
try{
URL url = new URL(sURL);
HttpURLConnection httpConnection = (HttpURLConnection)url.openConnection ();
httpConnection.setRequestProperty("User-Agent","NetFox");
String sProperty = "bytes="+nStartPos+"-";
httpConnection.setRequestProperty("RANGE",sProperty);
Utility.log(sProperty);
InputStream input = httpConnection.getInputStream();
//logResponseHead(httpConnection);
byte[] b = new byte[1024];
int nRead;
while((nRead=input.read(b,0,1024)) > 0 && nStartPos < nEndPos
&& !bStop)
{
nStartPos += fileAccessI.write(b,0,nRead);
//if(nThreadID == 1)
// Utility.log("nStartPos = " + nStartPos + ", nEndPos = " + nEndPos);
}
Utility.log("Thread " + nThreadID + " is over!");
bDownOver = true;
//nPos = fileAccessI.write (b,0,nRead);
}
catch(Exception e){e.printStackTrace ();}
}
}
// 打印回應(yīng)的頭信息
public void logResponseHead(HttpURLConnection con)
{
for(int i=1;;i++)
{
String header=con.getHeaderFieldKey(i);
if(header!=null)
//responseHeaders.put(header,httpConnection.getHeaderField(header));
Utility.log(header+" : "+con.getHeaderField(header));
else
break;
}
}
public void splitterStop()
{
bStop = true;
}
}
/*
**FileAccess.java
*/
package NetFox;
import java.io.*;
public class FileAccessI implements Serializable{
RandomAccessFile oSavedFile;
long nPos;
public FileAccessI() throws IOException
{
this("",0);
}
public FileAccessI(String sName,long nPos) throws IOException
{
oSavedFile = new RandomAccessFile(sName,"rw");
this.nPos = nPos;
oSavedFile.seek(nPos);
}
public synchronized int write(byte[] b,int nStart,int nLen)
{
int n = -1;
try{
oSavedFile.write(b,nStart,nLen);
n = nLen;
}
catch(IOException e)
{
e.printStackTrace ();
}
return n;
}
}
/*
**SiteInfoBean.java
*/
package NetFox;
public class SiteInfoBean {
private String sSiteURL; //Site's URL
private String sFilePath; //Saved File's Path
private String sFileName; //Saved File's Name
private int nSplitter; //Count of Splited Downloading File
public SiteInfoBean()
{
//default value of nSplitter is 5
this("","","",5);
}
public SiteInfoBean(String sURL,String sPath,String sName,int nSpiltter)
{
sSiteURL= sURL;
sFilePath = sPath;
sFileName = sName;
this.nSplitter = nSpiltter;
}
public String getSSiteURL()
{
return sSiteURL;
}
public void setSSiteURL(String value)
{
sSiteURL = value;
}
public String getSFilePath()
{
return sFilePath;
}
public void setSFilePath(String value)
{
sFilePath = value;
}
public String getSFileName()
{
return sFileName;
}
public void setSFileName(String value)
{
sFileName = value;
}
public int getNSplitter()
{
return nSplitter;
}
public void setNSplitter(int nCount)
{
nSplitter = nCount;
}
}
/*
**Utility.java
*/
package NetFox;
public class Utility {
public Utility()
{
}
public static void sleep(int nSecond)
{
try{
Thread.sleep(nSecond);
}
catch(Exception e)
{
e.printStackTrace ();
}
}
public static void log(String sMsg)
{
System.err.println(sMsg);
}
public static void log(int sMsg)
{
System.err.println(sMsg);
}
}
/*
**TestMethod.java
*/
package NetFox;
public class TestMethod {
public TestMethod()
{ ///xx/weblogic60b2_win.exe
try{
SiteInfoBean bean = new SiteInfoBean("http://localhost/xx/weblogic60b2_win.exe",
"L:\\temp","weblogic60b2_win.exe",5);
//SiteInfoBean bean = new SiteInfoBean("http://localhost:8080/down.zip","L:\\temp",
"weblogic60b2_win.exe",5);
SiteFileFetch fileFetch = new SiteFileFetch(bean);
fileFetch.start();
}
catch(Exception e){e.printStackTrace ();}
}
public static void main(String[] args)
{
new TestMethod();
}
}
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