quartz是一個高質量的任務調度軟件包。其主要組成部分為:
Scheduler接口: quartz的執行線程，它根據Trigger決定調度時刻，根據JobDetail的說明實例化并運行Job
JobDetail類: 可持久化的任務描述信息。任務雖然分組，但是僅用作管理標示，任務之間并無實質性關聯, 例如無法定義job chain。
Trigger類:任務的調度策略。這里的特點是調度策略與任務描述分開，調度策略和任務描述都可以分別在Scheduler注冊，然后再關聯起來。JobDetail與Trigger的關系是一對多。
JobDataMap: 將任務的運行時可持久化狀態信息從JobDetail類中分離出來
Job接口: 任務的執行代碼
StatefulJob接口: 無狀態任務對應的JobDataMap可以認為是只讀的,而有狀態的任務在多次執行過程中保留對JobDataMap所作的修改,一個后果是有狀態任務無法被并發執行。
JobExecutionException類: 可以通過JobExecutionException調整調度程序的下一步動作
Calendar接口: 用于從trigger的調度計劃中排除某些時間段，例如假期等。
以上幾個部分的交互關系如下：
class JobImpl implements Job{
public void execute(JobExecutionContext context) throws JobExecutionException{
JobDetail detail = context.getJobDetail();
JobDataMap dataMap = detail.getJobDataMap();
...
}
}
scheduler.addCalendar("myHolidays", holidayCalendar, false);
trigger.setCanlendarName("myHolidays");
JobDetail jobDetail = new JobDetail(jobName, jobGroupName, JobImpl.class);
scheduler.scheduleJob(jobDetail, trigger);
JobDetail可以設置如下屬性:
1. Durability: non-durable的任務當不再與任何active trigger關聯的時候將會從scheduler中被自動刪除。
2. Volatility: volatile的任務在scheduler的兩次啟動之間不會被持久化
3. RequestsRecovery: 如果在執行過程中程序意外崩潰，標記為"request recovery"的任務在scheduler重起之后將會被再次執行，此時JobExecutionContext.isRecovering()返回true.
Trigger可以設置如下屬性:
1. misfireInstruction: 設定當trigger錯過了觸發時刻的時候需要采取的處理策略
SimpleTrigger按照固定的時間間隔進行觸發
startTime, endTime, repeatCount, repeatInterval
CronTrigger按照日歷間隔進行觸發
seconds minutes hours day-of-month month day-of-week
在quartz內部，QuartzSchedulerThread按照時間順序選擇trigger（沒有任務優先級的概念）, 然后在JobRunShell中運行Job。
JobRunShell中的調用順序如下:
TriggerListener.triggerFired
Called by the Scheduler when a Trigger has fired, and it's associated JobDetail is about to be executed.
TriggerListener.vetoJobExecution
Called by the Scheduler when a Trigger has fired, and it's associated JobDetail is about to be executed.
JobListener.jobToBeExecuted
Called by the Scheduler when a JobDetail is about to be executed (an associated Trigger has occured).
Job.execute
Called by the Scheduler when a Trigger fires that is associated with the Job.
JobListener.jobWasExecuted
Called by the Scheduler after a JobDetail has been
executed, and be for the associated Trigger's triggered(xx) method has
been called.
Trigger.executionComplete
Called after the Scheduler has executed the
JobDetail associated with the Trigger in order to get the final
instruction
code from the trigger.
TriggerListener.triggerComplete
Called by the Scheduler when a Trigger has
fired, it's associated JobDetail has been executed, and it's
triggered(xx)
method has been called.
SchedulerListener.triggerFinalized [if(trigger.getNextFireTime() == null)]
Called by the Scheduler when a Trigger has reached the condition in which it will never fire again.