以下文字摘自：JOIN,  JOIN2, HQL, Fetch

Join用法:

主要有Inner Join 及 Outer Join:

最常用的（默認(rèn)是Inner）：

Select <要選擇的字段> From <主要資料表>

　　<Join 方式> <次要資料表> [On <Join 規(guī)則>]

Inner Join 的主要精神就是 exclusive , 叫它做排他性吧! 就是講 Join 規(guī)則不相符的資料就會被排除掉, 譬如講在 Product 中有一項(xiàng)產(chǎn)品的供貨商代碼 (SupplierId), 沒有出現(xiàn)在 Suppliers 資料表中, 那么這筆記錄便會被排除掉

Outer Join:

Select <要查詢的字段> From <Left 資料表>

　　<Left | Right> [Outer] Join <Right 資料表> On <Join 規(guī)則>

語法中的 Outer 是可以省略的, 例如你可以用 Left Join 或是 Right Join, 在本質(zhì)上, Outer Join 是 inclusive, 叫它做包容性吧! 不同于 Inner Join 的排他性, 因此在 Left Outer Join 的查詢結(jié)果會包含所有 Left 資料表的資料, 顛倒過來講, Right Outer Join 的查詢就會包含所有 Right 資料表的資料

另外，還有全外聯(lián)：

FULL JOIN 或 FULL OUTER JOIN

完整外部聯(lián)接返回左表和右表中的所有行。當(dāng)某行在另一個表中沒有匹配行時，則另一個表的選擇列表列包含空值。如果表之間有匹配行，則整個結(jié)果集行包含基表的數(shù)據(jù)值。

以及，

交叉聯(lián)接

交叉聯(lián)接返回左表中的所有行，左表中的每一行與右表中的所有行組合。交叉聯(lián)接也稱作笛卡爾積。

沒有 WHERE 子句的交叉聯(lián)接將產(chǎn)生聯(lián)接所涉及的表的笛卡爾積。第一個表的行數(shù)乘以第二個表的行數(shù)等于笛卡爾積結(jié)果集的大小。也就是說在沒有 WHERE 子句的情況下，若表 A 有 3 行記錄，表 B 有 6 行記錄 : ：

SELECT A.*,B.* FROM 表A CROSS JOIN 表B

那以上語句會返回 18 行記錄。

Fetch:

在我們查詢Parent對象的時候，默認(rèn)只有Parent的內(nèi)容，并不包含childs的信息，如果在Parent.hbm.xml里設(shè)置lazy="false"的話才同時取出關(guān)聯(lián)的所有childs內(nèi)容.
問題是我既想要hibernate默認(rèn)的性能又想要臨時的靈活性該怎么辦？  這就是fetch的功能。我們可以把fetch與lazy="true"的關(guān)系類比為事務(wù)當(dāng)中的編程式事務(wù)與聲明式事務(wù),不太準(zhǔn)確，但是大概是這個意思。
總值，fetch就是在代碼這一層給你一個主動抓取得機(jī)會.

Parent parent = (Parent)hibernateTemplate.execute(new HibernateCallback() {
public Object doInHibernate(Session session) throws HibernateException, SQLException {
                Query q = session.createQuery(
"from Parent as parent "+
" left outer join fetch parent.childs " +
" where parent.id = :id"
                );
                q.setParameter("id",new Long(15));
return (Parent)q.uniqueResult();
            }
        });
        Assert.assertTrue(parent.getChilds().size() > 0);

你可以在lazy="true"的情況下把fetch去掉，就會報異常. 當(dāng)然，如果lazy="false"就不需要fetch了

HQL一些特色方法：

in and between may be used as follows:

from DomesticCat cat where cat.name between 'A' and 'B'

from DomesticCat cat where cat.name in ( 'Foo', 'Bar', 'Baz' )

and the negated forms may be written

from DomesticCat cat where cat.name not between 'A' and 'B'

from DomesticCat cat where cat.name not in ( 'Foo', 'Bar', 'Baz' )

Likewise, is null and is not null may be used to test for null values.

Booleans may be easily used in expressions by declaring HQL query substitutions in Hibernate configuration:

<property name="hibernate.query.substitutions">true 1, false 0</property>

This will replace the keywords true and false with the literals 1 and 0 in the translated SQL from this HQL:

from Cat cat where cat.alive = true

You may test the size of a collection with the special property size, or the special size() function.

from Cat cat where cat.kittens.size > 0

from Cat cat where size(cat.kittens) > 0

For indexed collections, you may refer to the minimum and maximum indices using minindex and maxindex functions. Similarly, you may refer to the minimum and maximum elements of a collection of basic type using the minelement and maxelement functions.

from Calendar cal where maxelement(cal.holidays) > current_date

from Order order where maxindex(order.items) > 100

from Order order where minelement(order.items) > 10000

The SQL functions any, some, all, exists, in are supported when passed the element or index set of a collection (elements and indices functions) or the result of a subquery (see below).

select mother from Cat as mother, Cat as kit
where kit in elements(foo.kittens)

select p from NameList list, Person p
where p.name = some elements(list.names)

from Cat cat where exists elements(cat.kittens)

from Player p where 3 > all elements(p.scores)

from Show show where 'fizard' in indices(show.acts)

Note that these constructs - size, elements, indices, minindex, maxindex, minelement, maxelement - may only be used in the where clause in Hibernate3.

Elements of indexed collections (arrays, lists, maps) may be referred to by index (in a where clause only):

from Order order where order.items[0].id = 1234

select person from Person person, Calendar calendar
where calendar.holidays['national day'] = person.birthDay
    and person.nationality.calendar = calendar

select item from Item item, Order order
where order.items[ order.deliveredItemIndices[0] ] = item and order.id = 11

select item from Item item, Order order
where order.items[ maxindex(order.items) ] = item and order.id = 11

The expression inside [] may even be an arithmetic expression.

select item from Item item, Order order
where order.items[ size(order.items) - 1 ] = item

HQL also provides the built-in index() function, for elements of a one-to-many association or collection of values.

select item, index(item) from Order order 
    join order.items item
where index(item) < 5

Scalar SQL functions supported by the underlying database may be used

from DomesticCat cat where upper(cat.name) like 'FRI%'