鍦╰mp鐩綍涓嬮潰鏈変竴涓猘.txt鏂囦歡錛屾垜浠氳繃ls -l鍛戒護(hù)鍙互鏌ョ湅鍏惰緇嗕俊鎭細(xì)
-錛氳〃紺烘櫘閫氭枃浠訛紝d:琛ㄧず鐩綍鏂囦歡錛宭:閾炬帴鏂囦歡,b:璁懼鏂囦歡涓彲浠ヤ緵瀛樺偍鐨勬帴鍙ｈ澶?c:璁懼鏂囦歡涓覆琛岀鍙ｈ澶囧閿洏銆?/p>
鐢變簬鏈鍓嶉潰鏄?錛氭墍浠.txt鏄櫘閫氭枃浠躲?/p>
鍐嶇湅 rw-r--r--閮ㄥ垎錛屾垜浠皢鍏跺垎涓轟笁緇勶紝鍒嗗埆瀵瑰簲鏂囦歡鎵鏈夎咃紝鏂囦歡鎵灞炵粍錛屽叾浠栫敤鎴風(fēng)殑鏉冮檺.
鍏朵腑r浠ｈ〃璇誨彇鏉冮檺錛寃:浠ｈ〃鍐欐潈闄愶紝x錛氫唬琛ㄦ墽琛屾潈闄?榪欓噷娌″嚭鐜?,-錛氫唬琛ㄦ病鏈夋煇縐嶆潈闄愩?/p>
閭ｅ涓婇潰鐨勬潈闄愮殑瑙ｉ噴灝辨槸錛?/p>
owner:鍙互璇誨拰鍐欙紝涓嶈兘鎵ц
group:鍙互璇誨彇涓嶈兘鍐欙紝涓嶈兘鎵ц
other:鍙互璇誨彇錛屼笉鑳藉啓錛屼笉鑳芥墽琛?/p>
絎竴涓猺oot浠ｈ〃鏂囦歡鎵鏈夎咃紝絎簩涓猺oot浠ｈ〃鏂囦歡鎵灞炵粍
閭ｄ箞鐜板湪鎴戝鏋滄兂淇敼鏂囦歡鎵鏈夎咃紝鏂囦歡鎵灞炵粍錛屾枃浠舵潈闄愯鎬庝箞鍋氾紝璇風(fēng)戶(hù)緇悜涓嬮槄璇伙細(xì)
chgrp:淇敼鐢ㄦ埛鎵灞炵粍錛宑hown錛氫慨鏀規(guī)枃浠舵墍鏈夎咃紝chmod:淇敼鏂囦歡鏉冮檺
鍋囪鎴戠殑緋葷粺涓張涓涓彨gavin鐨勭粍(閫氳繃/etc/group鏌ョ湅)
濡備笂鍥撅紝閫氳繃chgrp鍛戒護(hù)灝嗚鏂囦歡鐨刧roup淇敼涓轟簡(jiǎn)gavin
涓嬮潰淇敼鍏舵墍鏈夎咃細(xì)
淇敼鍏舵潈闄愶細(xì)
chmod 777 a.txt 榪欎釜777浠ｈ〃浠涔?
鍦╨inux涓嬌鐢ㄦ暟瀛椾唬琛ㄦ潈闄愶細(xì)
r:4 w:2 x:1
r-- =4+0+0=4;
rw- =4+2+0=6;
rwx =4+2+1=7
鐩鎬俊鍐欏埌榪欓噷澶у閮藉簲璇ユ槑鐧戒簡(jiǎn)鍚с?/p>
鏉冮檺瀵逛簬鏂囦歡鍜屾枃浠跺す鐨勬剰涔夋槸涓嶄竴鏍風(fēng)殑錛?/p>
瀵逛簬鏂囦歡錛?/p>
r:浠ｈ〃鍙互璇誨彇鏂囦歡鐨勫唴瀹癸紝w:浠ｈ〃鍙互淇敼鏂囦歡鐨勫唴瀹癸紝x:鍙互鎵ц榪欎釜鏂囦歡
瀵逛簬鏂囦歡澶癸細(xì)
r:鍙互鑾峰彇鏂囦歡澶逛腑鍙堝摢浜涙枃浠訛紝w:鍙互娣誨姞鍜屽垹闄ゆ枃浠跺す涓殑鍐呭錛寈:鍙互榪涘叆鏂囦歡澶癸紝
濡傛灉鏌愪釜瑙掕壊瀵逛簬涓涓枃浠跺す鐨勬潈闄愭槸rw-;
閭ｄ箞浠栦粎浠呭彲浠ヤ嬌鐢╨s鑾峰彇鏂囦歡澶逛腑鐨勫唴瀹癸紝浣嗘槸涓嶅彲浠ヤ嬌鐢╟d榪涘叆璇ユ枃浠跺す銆?/p>
鏂囦歡鐨勬潈闄愬憡涓孌佃惤錛岀幇鍦ㄦ潵鐪嬬湅linux涓殑閭ｄ簺甯歌鐩綍涓殑鍐呭錛?/p>
/bin 緋葷粺鏈夊緢澶氭斁緗墽琛屾枃浠剁殑鐩綍錛屼絾鏄?bin姣旇緝鐗規(guī)畩錛屽洜涓?bin鏀劇疆鐨勬槸鍦ㄥ崟鐢ㄦ埛緇存姢妯″紡涓嬭繕鑳藉琚搷浣滅殑鍛戒護(hù)錛屽湪/bin涓嬮潰鐨勫懡浠ゅ彲浠ヨroot鍜屼竴鑸處鎴蜂嬌鐢紝濡傦細(xì)cat,chmod,chown,data,mv,mkdir,cp ,bash絳夊父鐢ㄥ懡浠ゃ?/p>
/boot 涓昏鏀劇疆寮鏈轟嬌鐢ㄥ埌鐨勬枃浠?/p>
/dev 鍦╨inux緋葷粺涓換浣曡澶囦笌鎺ュ彛璁懼閮芥槸浠ユ枃浠剁殑褰㈠紡瀛樺湪浜庤繖涓洰褰曞綋涓紝浣犲彧瑕佽闂煇涓枃浠跺氨鐩稿綋浜庤闂璁懼
/etc 緋葷粺鐨勪富瑕侀厤緗枃浠跺嚑涔庨兘鍦ㄨ繖涓枃浠跺す綾匯?/p>
/home 榪欐槸緋葷粺榛樿鐨勭敤鎴蜂富鏂囦歡澶?/p>
/lib 緋葷粺鐨勫嚱鏁板簱闈炲父澶氾紝浜?lib鏀劇疆鐨勬槸寮鏈轟細(xì)浣跨敤鍒扮殑鍑芥暟搴?/p>
/mnt 濡傛灉浣犳兂涓存椂鎸傚湪涓浜涘閮ㄨ澶囷紙鍏夌洏錛変竴鑸緩璁斁緗埌榪欎釜鐩綍銆?/p>
/opt 榪欐槸緇欑涓夋柟杞歡鏀劇疆鐨勭洰褰?/p>
/root 緋葷粺綆＄悊鍛樼殑涓繪枃浠跺す
/tmp 榪欐槸璁╀竴鑸敤鎴鋒垨鑰呮鍦ㄦ墽琛岀殑紼嬪簭鏀劇疆鏂囦歡鐨勫湴鏂癸紝榪欎釜鐩綍鏄換浣曚漢閮藉彲浠ヨ闂殑錛屾墍浠ヤ綘闇瑕佸畾鏈熸竻鐞嗕竴涓嬶紝褰撶劧閲嶈鏁版嵁鏃朵笉鑳芥斁鍒拌繖閲屾潵鐨勩?/p>
鍏充簬鏂囦歡鏉冮檺鐨勬渶鍚庝竴鐐瑰氨鏄細(xì)鏂囦歡榛樿鏉冮檺umask
鐜板湪鎴戜滑宸茬粡鐭ラ亾濡備綍鏂板緩鎴栬呮敼鍙樹(shù)竴涓洰褰曠殑灞炴т簡(jiǎn)錛屼笉榪囦綘鐭ラ亾褰撲綘鏂板緩涓涓柊鐨勬枃浠舵垨鍒欑洰褰曟槸錛屽畠鐨勯粯璁ゆ潈闄愭槸浠涔堝悧錛熼偅灝辨槸浜巙mask榪欎笢瑗挎湁鍏充簡(jiǎn)錛岄偅涔坲mask鏄湪鎼炰粈涔堝憿錛屽熀鏈笂錛寀mask灝辨槸鍒跺畾鐩墠鐢ㄦ埛鍦ㄦ柊寤烘枃浠舵垨鐩綍鐨勬椂鍊欐潈闄愮殑榛樿鍊鹼紝濡傛灉鑾峰緱鎴栬緗畊mask錛屾柟娉曞涓嬶細(xì)
#umask 鎴栧垯 umask -S
(鍥涗綅鏁幫紝絎竴浣嶆垜浠厛涓嶇錛岃〃紺虹壒孌婃潈闄愶紝鎴戜滑浠庣浜屼綅寮濮嬬湅璧?
鍦ㄩ粯璁ゆ潈闄愪笂錛屾枃浠跺拰鐩綍鏄笉涓鏍風(fēng)殑錛屽浜庝竴涓洰褰曪紝x鏉冮檺鏄潪甯擱噸瑕佺殑 錛岃屽浜庝竴涓枃浠訛紝x鏉冮檺鍦ㄩ粯璁ゆ槸涓嶅簲璇ユ湁鐨勶紝鍥犱負(fù)鏂囦歡澶у鏄敤鏉ュ瓨鍌ㄦ暟鎹殑錛屾墍浠ュ湪linux涓紝鏂囦歡鐨勯粯璁ゆ潈闄愭槸666,鐩綍鐨勯粯璁ゆ潈闄愭槸777
瑕佹敞鎰忕殑鏄痷mask鐨勫垎鏁版寚鐨勬槸“榛樿鍊奸渶瑕佸壀鎺夌殑鏉冮檺”,
鎵浠ユ柊寤烘枃浠舵椂鏉冮檺錛歳w--r--r--
鏂板緩鐩綍錛歳-xr-xr-x
]]>
1 銆佸垏鎹㈢洰褰?/p>
cd
鍒?tmp 鐩綍錛歝d /tmp
鍒頒笂灞傜洰褰曪細(xì)cd ..
2 銆佹煡鐪嬪綋鍓嶇洰褰?/p>
pwd
3銆?鍒涘緩涓涓柊鐨勬枃浠跺す錛?/p>
mkdir
鍒涘緩涓灞傜洰褰曪細(xì)
鍒涘緩澶氬眰鐩綍錛?/p>
4 銆佸垹闄ょ洰褰曪細(xì)
rmdir [-p] 濡傛灉闇瑕佸眰綰у垹闄ょ洰褰曪紝灝遍渶瑕佸甫涓妏錛堝彧鑳藉垹闄ょ┖鐩綍錛?/p>
5銆佹煡璇㈢幆澧冨彉閲?/p>
echo $PATH 鎴栬?PATH
6銆佸垏鎹㈢敤鎴鳳細(xì)
su 鐢ㄦ埛鍚?/p>
7銆佺Щ鍔ㄦ枃浠?/p>
浠旂粏闃呰涓婇潰鐨勫懡浠わ紝浣犱細(xì)鍙戠幇mv榪樺彲浠ュ鏂囦歡榪涜浠庡懡鍚嶏紝涓婇潰鐨勫懡浠ゅ皢hellot.txt浠巃涓Щ鍔ㄥ埌浜?jiǎn)b涓紝騫舵敼鍚嶄負(fù)hello1.txt
8銆佹煡鐪嬫枃浠朵笌鐩綍
ls
ls -a 鐩綍鍚嶇О錛氬垪鍑虹洰褰曚腑鎵鏈夌殑鏂囦歡
ls -al 鐩綍鍚嶏細(xì)鍒楀嚭闀垮瓧絎︿覆錛屽寘鍚枃浠剁殑涓浜涜緇嗕俊鎭?/p>
濡傛灉娌℃湁緇欏畾鐩綍鍚嶏紝閭ｄ箞灝辨槸褰撳墠鐩綍
9銆佹枃浠剁殑澶嶅埗錛?/p>
cp [-adfilprsu] 婧愭枃浠?nbsp; 鐩爣鏂囦歡 //灝嗘簮鏂囦歡鎷瘋礉鍒扮洰鏍囨枃浠?/p>
cp src1,src2,... des //灝嗗涓簮鏂囦歡鎷瘋礉鍒扮洰鐨勬枃浠跺す
cp榪欎釜鍛戒護(hù)闈炲父閲嶈錛屼笉鍚岀殑韜喚鎵ц瀵瑰懡浠や駭鐢熶笉鍚岀殑鏁堟灉錛屽挨鍏舵槸-a,-p鍙傛暟錛屽涓嶅悓鐨勮韓浠芥潵璇達(dá)紝鍖哄埆闈炲父澶с?/p>
渚?錛?/p>
浣跨敤root鎵ц錛?/p>
濡傛灉鎴戜滑瑕佸皢鏂囦歡鐨勬墍鏈夌殑灞炴у鍒惰繃鏉ワ紝鍒欒鍔犱笂鍙傛暟-a
澶嶅埗涓涓洰褰曞埌鍙﹀涓涓洰褰?cp -r /src /desc
10 銆佺Щ闄ゆ枃浠舵垨鐩綍
rm [-fir] 鏂囦歡鎴栫洰褰?/p>
-f 寮哄埗鐨勬剰鎬濓紝蹇界暐涓嶅瓨鍦ㄧ殑鏂囦歡錛屼笉浼?xì)鍑虹幇璀﹀憡淇℃?/p>
-i浜掑姩妯″紡錛氬垹闄ゅ墠錛屼細(xì)璇㈤棶鏄惁鍒犻櫎
-r 錛氶掑綊鍒犻櫎
榪欓噷涓嶅啀婕旂ず錛岃寰椾箣鍓嶇殑rmdir鍚楋紝鍙兘鍒犻櫎絀虹洰褰曪紝鎵浠ュ垹闄ら潪絀虹洰褰曞彧鑳戒嬌鐢╮m -r
11銆佹枃浠剁被瀹規(guī)煡璇?/p>
cat
-b:鍒楀嚭琛屽彿
-n:鍒楀嚭琛屽彿錛屽寘鎷┖鐧借
cat 鏄竴嬈℃у皢鏁版嵁鏄劇ず鍒板睆騫曚笂錛屽鏋滄兂涓欏典竴欏電殑鐪嬫庝箞鍔烇紵
浣跨敤more鍛戒護(hù)
more鍦ㄨ繍琛岀殑榪囩▼涓紝浣犳湁鍑犱釜鎸夐敭鍙互鎸夛細(xì)
絀烘牸閿細(xì)浠ｈ〃鍚戜笅緲諱竴欏?/p>
Enter:浠ｈ〃鍚戜笅婊氬姩涓琛?/p>
q:紱誨紑more
b錛氬線鍥炵炕欏?/p>
12 銆佸垱寤烘枃浠?/p>
touch
touch a.txt 灝變細(xì)鍦ㄥ綋鍓嶇洰褰曚笅鍒涘緩a.txt
13銆佹煡鎵炬枃浠剁殑鍛戒護(hù)
whereis ,find
whereis [-bmsu] 鏂囦歡鎴栫洰褰曞悕
-b:浜岃繘鍒舵枃浠?/p>
-m:鍙壘鍦ㄨ鏄庢枃浠秏anual璺緞涓嬬殑闂觸
-s:鍙壘source婧愭枃浠?/p>
-u:鏌ユ壘涓嶅湪涓婅堪涓変釜閫夐」涓殑鍏朵粬鐗規(guī)畩鏂囦歡
whereis ifconfig
涓嬮潰鐪嬬湅find鍛戒護(hù)
find [path] [option] [actioin]
鏌ユ壘/home涓嬮潰灞炰簬gavin鐨勬枃浠?/p>
find /home -user gavin
鏌ユ壘緋葷粺涓笉灞炰簬浠諱綍浜虹殑鏂囦歡
find / -nouser
鏌ユ壘鏂囦歡鍚嶄負(fù)passwd鐨勮繖涓枃浠?/p>
find / -name passwd
鏌ユ壘鏂囦歡綾誨瀷涓簊ocket鐨勬枃浠?/p>
find / -type s
14銆佺鐩樺拰鐩綍鐨勫閲?/p>
df:鍒楀嚭鏂囦歡緋葷粺鐨勬暣浣撶鐩樹(shù)嬌鐢ㄩ噺
du:璇勪及鏂囦歡緋葷粺鐨勭鐩樹(shù)嬌鐢ㄩ噺
15 鍒涘緩閾炬帴鏂囦歡
ln [-sf] 婧愭枃浠?nbsp; 鐩爣鏂囦歡
-s :鍒涘緩杞繛鎺ワ紝濡傛灉涓嶅姞鍒欐槸紜繛鎺?/p>
-f:濡傛灉鐩爣鏂囦歡瀛樺湪錛屽垯鍒犻櫎鍚庡啀寤?/p>
[root@localhost test2]# echo 'good'>a.txt
[root@localhost test2]# ls
a.txt
[root@localhost test2]# ln -s a.txt b
[root@localhost test2]# ls
a.txt b
[root@localhost test2]# ll
total 12
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 5 Aug 8 01:09 a.txt
lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 5 Aug 8 01:09 b -> a.txt
[root@localhost test2]# echo 'hello'>>b
[root@localhost test2]# cat b
good
hello
[root@localhost test2]# cat a.txt
good
hello
[root@localhost test2]# ln a.txt c
[root@localhost test2]# ll
total 20
-rw-r--r-- 2 root root 11 Aug 8 01:09 a.txt
lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 5 Aug 8 01:09 b -> a.txt
-rw-r--r-- 2 root root 11 Aug 8 01:09 c
[root@localhost test2]# echo 'bad'>>c
[root@localhost test2]# cat c
good
hello
bad
[root@localhost test2]# cat a.txt
good
hello
bad
[root@localhost test2]# cat b
good
hello
bad
[root@localhost test2]# rm a.txt
rm: remove regular file `a.txt'? y
[root@localhost test2]# cat b
cat: b: No such file or directory
[root@localhost test2]# cat c
good
hello
bad
[root@localhost test2]#
榪愯涓婇潰鐨勫懡浠よ錛岀浉淇′綘瀵筶n鐨勪嬌鐢ㄤ細(xì)闈炲父娓呮鐨勩?/p>
15銆佹寕杞紺D
16銆佹枃浠跺帇緙?/p>
tar
-c:鍒涘緩涓涓帇緙╂枃浠?/p>
-v:鏄劇ず鍘嬬緝榪囩▼
-f:緇欏嚭鍘嬬緝鏂囦歡鍚?/p>
-x:瑙ｅ帇鏂囦歡
-t::鏌ョ湅鍘嬬緝鍖呬腑鍙堝摢浜涙枃浠?/p>
]]>