锘??xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8" standalone="yes"?> 鎸囩殑鏄竴涓被錛堢О涓哄瓙綾匯佸瓙鎺ュ彛錛夌戶鎵垮彟澶栫殑涓涓被錛堢О涓虹埗綾匯佺埗鎺ュ彛錛夌殑鍔熻兘錛屽茍鍙互澧炲姞瀹冭嚜宸辯殑鏂板姛鑳界殑鑳藉姏錛岀戶鎵挎槸綾諱笌綾繪垨鑰呮帴鍙d笌鎺ュ彛涔嬮棿鏈甯歌鐨勫叧緋伙紱鍦↗ava涓綾誨叧緋婚氳繃鍏抽敭瀛梕xtends鏄庣‘鏍囪瘑錛屽湪璁捐鏃朵竴鑸病鏈変簤璁э紱 鎸囩殑鏄竴涓猚lass綾誨疄鐜癷nterface鎺ュ彛錛堝彲浠ユ槸澶氫釜錛夌殑鍔熻兘錛涘疄鐜版槸綾諱笌鎺ュ彛涔嬮棿鏈甯歌鐨勫叧緋伙紱鍦↗ava涓綾誨叧緋婚氳繃鍏抽敭瀛梚mplements鏄庣‘鏍囪瘑錛屽湪璁捐鏃朵竴鑸病鏈変簤璁э紱 鍙互綆鍗曠殑鐞嗚В錛屽氨鏄竴涓被A浣跨敤鍒頒簡鍙︿竴涓被B錛岃岃繖縐嶄嬌鐢ㄥ叧緋繪槸鍏鋒湁鍋剁劧鎬х殑銆併佷復鏃舵х殑銆侀潪甯稿急鐨勶紝浣嗘槸B綾葷殑鍙樺寲浼氬獎鍝嶅埌A錛涙瘮濡傛煇浜鴻榪囨渤錛岄渶瑕佸熺敤涓鏉¤埞錛屾鏃朵漢涓庤埞涔嬮棿鐨勫叧緋誨氨鏄緷璧栵紱琛ㄧ幇鍦ㄤ唬鐮佸眰闈紝涓虹被B浣滀負鍙傛暟琚被A鍦ㄦ煇涓猰ethod鏂規硶涓嬌鐢紱 浠栦綋鐜扮殑鏄袱涓被銆佹垨鑰呯被涓庢帴鍙d箣闂磋涔夌駭鍒殑涓縐嶅己渚濊禆鍏崇郴錛屾瘮濡傛垜鍜屾垜鐨勬湅鍙嬶紱榪欑鍏崇郴姣斾緷璧栨洿寮恒佷笉瀛樺湪渚濊禆鍏崇郴鐨勫伓鐒舵с佸叧緋諱篃涓嶆槸涓存椂鎬х殑錛屼竴鑸槸闀挎湡鎬х殑錛岃屼笖鍙屾柟鐨勫叧緋諱竴鑸槸騫崇瓑鐨勩佸叧鑱斿彲浠ユ槸鍗曞悜銆佸弻鍚戠殑錛涜〃鐜板湪浠g爜灞傞潰錛屼負琚叧鑱旂被B浠ョ被灞炴х殑褰㈠紡鍑虹幇鍦ㄥ叧鑱旂被A涓紝涔熷彲鑳芥槸鍏寵仈綾籄寮曠敤浜嗕竴涓被鍨嬩負琚叧鑱旂被B鐨勫叏灞鍙橀噺錛?br /> 鑱氬悎鏄叧鑱斿叧緋葷殑涓縐嶇壒渚嬶紝浠栦綋鐜扮殑鏄暣浣撲笌閮ㄥ垎銆佹嫢鏈夌殑鍏崇郴錛屽嵆has-a鐨勫叧緋伙紝姝ゆ椂鏁翠綋涓庨儴鍒嗕箣闂存槸鍙垎紱葷殑錛屼粬浠彲浠ュ叿鏈夊悇鑷殑鐢熷懡鍛ㄦ湡錛岄儴鍒嗗彲浠ュ睘浜庡涓暣浣撳璞★紝涔熷彲浠ヤ負澶氫釜鏁翠綋瀵硅薄鍏變韓錛涙瘮濡傝綆楁満涓嶤PU銆佸叕鍙鎬笌鍛樺伐鐨勫叧緋葷瓑錛涜〃鐜板湪浠g爜灞傞潰錛屽拰鍏寵仈鍏崇郴鏄竴鑷寸殑錛屽彧鑳戒粠璇箟綰у埆鏉ュ尯鍒嗭紱 緇勫悎涔熸槸鍏寵仈鍏崇郴鐨勪竴縐嶇壒渚嬶紝浠栦綋鐜扮殑鏄竴縐峜ontains-a鐨勫叧緋伙紝榪欑鍏崇郴姣旇仛鍚堟洿寮猴紝涔熺О涓哄己鑱氬悎錛涗粬鍚屾牱浣撶幇鏁翠綋涓庨儴鍒嗛棿鐨勫叧緋伙紝浣嗘鏃舵暣浣撲笌閮ㄥ垎鏄笉鍙垎鐨勶紝鏁翠綋鐨勭敓鍛藉懆鏈熺粨鏉熶篃灝辨剰鍛崇潃閮ㄥ垎鐨勭敓鍛藉懆鏈熺粨鏉燂紱姣斿浣犲拰浣犵殑澶ц剳錛涜〃鐜板湪浠g爜灞傞潰錛屽拰鍏寵仈鍏崇郴鏄竴鑷寸殑錛屽彧鑳戒粠璇箟綰у埆鏉ュ尯鍒嗭紱 瀵逛簬緇ф壙銆佸疄鐜拌繖涓ょ鍏崇郴娌″灝戠枒闂紝浠栦滑浣撶幇鐨勬槸涓縐嶇被涓庣被銆佹垨鑰呯被涓庢帴鍙i棿鐨勭旱鍚戝叧緋伙紱鍏朵粬鐨勫洓鑰呭叧緋誨垯浣撶幇鐨勬槸綾諱笌綾匯佹垨鑰呯被涓庢帴鍙i棿鐨勫紩鐢ㄣ佹í鍚戝叧緋伙紝鏄瘮杈冮毦鍖哄垎鐨勶紝鏈夊緢澶氫簨鐗╅棿鐨勫叧緋昏鎯沖噯紜畾浣嶆槸寰堥毦鐨勶紝鍓嶉潰涔熸彁鍒幫紝榪欏嚑縐嶅叧緋婚兘鏄涔夌駭鍒殑錛屾墍浠ヤ粠浠g爜灞傞潰騫朵笉鑳藉畬鍏ㄥ尯鍒嗗悇縐嶅叧緋伙紱浣嗘葷殑鏉ヨ錛屽悗鍑犵鍏崇郴鎵琛ㄧ幇鐨勫己寮辯▼搴︿緷嬈′負錛氱粍鍚?gt;鑱氬悎>鍏寵仈>渚濊禆錛?/p>
# head -n 1 /etc/issue # 鏌ョ湅鎿嶄綔緋葷粺鐗堟湰
# cat /proc/cpuinfo # 鏌ョ湅CPU淇℃伅
# hostname # 鏌ョ湅璁$畻鏈哄悕
# lspci -tv # 鍒楀嚭鎵鏈塒CI璁懼
# lsusb -tv # 鍒楀嚭鎵鏈塙SB璁懼
# lsmod # 鍒楀嚭鍔犺澆鐨勫唴鏍告ā鍧?nbsp;
# env # 鏌ョ湅鐜鍙橀噺璧勬簮
# free -m # 鏌ョ湅鍐呭瓨浣跨敤閲忓拰浜ゆ崲鍖轟嬌鐢ㄩ噺
# df -h # 鏌ョ湅鍚勫垎鍖轟嬌鐢ㄦ儏鍐?nbsp;
# du -sh <鐩綍鍚?gt; # 鏌ョ湅鎸囧畾鐩綍鐨勫ぇ灝?nbsp;
# grep MemTotal /proc/meminfo # 鏌ョ湅鍐呭瓨鎬婚噺
# grep MemFree /proc/meminfo # 鏌ョ湅絀洪棽鍐呭瓨閲?nbsp;
# uptime # 鏌ョ湅緋葷粺榪愯鏃墮棿銆佺敤鎴鋒暟銆佽礋杞?nbsp;
# cat /proc/loadavg # 鏌ョ湅緋葷粺璐熻澆紓佺洏鍜屽垎鍖?nbsp;
# mount | column -t # 鏌ョ湅鎸傛帴鐨勫垎鍖虹姸鎬?nbsp;
# fdisk -l # 鏌ョ湅鎵鏈夊垎鍖?nbsp;
# swapon -s # 鏌ョ湅鎵鏈変氦鎹㈠垎鍖?nbsp;
# hdparm -i /dev/hda # 鏌ョ湅紓佺洏鍙傛暟(浠呴傜敤浜嶪DE璁懼)
# dmesg | grep IDE # 鏌ョ湅鍚姩鏃禝DE璁懼媯嫻嬬姸鍐電綉緇?nbsp;
# ifconfig # 鏌ョ湅鎵鏈夌綉緇滄帴鍙g殑灞炴?nbsp;
# iptables -L # 鏌ョ湅闃茬伀澧欒緗?nbsp;
# route -n # 鏌ョ湅璺敱琛?nbsp;
# netstat -lntp # 鏌ョ湅鎵鏈夌洃鍚鍙?nbsp;
# netstat -antp # 鏌ョ湅鎵鏈夊凡緇忓緩绔嬬殑榪炴帴
# netstat -s # 鏌ョ湅緗戠粶緇熻淇℃伅榪涚▼
# ps -ef # 鏌ョ湅鎵鏈夎繘紼?nbsp;
# top # 瀹炴椂鏄劇ず榪涚▼鐘舵佺敤鎴?nbsp;
# w # 鏌ョ湅媧誨姩鐢ㄦ埛
# id <鐢ㄦ埛鍚?gt; # 鏌ョ湅鎸囧畾鐢ㄦ埛淇℃伅
# last # 鏌ョ湅鐢ㄦ埛鐧誨綍鏃ュ織
# cut -d: -f1 /etc/passwd # 鏌ョ湅緋葷粺鎵鏈夌敤鎴?nbsp;
# cut -d: -f1 /etc/group # 鏌ョ湅緋葷粺鎵鏈夌粍
# crontab -l # 鏌ョ湅褰撳墠鐢ㄦ埛鐨勮鍒掍換鍔℃湇鍔?nbsp;
# chkconfig –list # 鍒楀嚭鎵鏈夌郴緇熸湇鍔?nbsp;
# chkconfig –list | grep on # 鍒楀嚭鎵鏈夊惎鍔ㄧ殑緋葷粺鏈嶅姟紼嬪簭
# rpm -qa # 鏌ョ湅鎵鏈夊畨瑁呯殑杞歡鍖?/span>
]]>榪欑瘒鏂囩珷杞嚜錛?a >http://blog.csdn.net/sfdev/article/details/3906243
榪欑瘒鏂囩珷娓呮櫚鐨勮榪頒簡緇ф壙錛?瀹炵幇錛?渚濊禆錛?鍏寵仈錛岀粍鍚堢殑姒傚康鍙婁粬浠箣闂寸殑鍏崇郴錛屼互涓嬫槸鍘熸枃鍐呭錛?/h3>
榪欐槸涓鍫傚叧浜嶶ML鍩虹鐭ヨ瘑鐨勮ˉ涔犺錛涚幇鍦ㄦ垜浠仛欏圭洰鏃墮棿閮藉お绱т簡錛屽熀鏈笂閮芥病鏈夊仛榪囩湡姝g殑class綰у埆鐨勮緇嗚璁★紝鏇村埆鎻愪嬌鐢║ML鏉ュ疄鐜拌鑼冨緩妯′簡錛涙湰綃囦富瑕佸氨浠ュ墠鑷繁涓鐩存劅瑙夊緢榪風硦鐨勫嚑縐峜lass涔嬮棿鐨勫叧緋昏繘琛屾暣鐞嗭紝璁╂垜浠湪鐪熸鐢║ML榪涜姣斿綾誨浘璁捐鏃惰兘澶熸洿鍔犳竻鏅版槑浜嗭紱浠ヤ笅灝卞垎鍒粙緇嶈繖鍑犵鍏崇郴錛?/h3>
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瀹炵幇
渚濊禆
鍏寵仈
鑱氬悎
緇勫悎
鎴栬呰鎴戜滑瀹氫箟鎬庢牱鐨勪竴涓猭ey錛?Grails鑳芥煡鍒板畠鍛紵
榪欓噷錛岀敤鎴瘋嚜瀹氫箟Validator鐨刱ey鐨刾attern鏄細[Class Name].[Property Name].validator.invalid
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for example錛?/span>
No1銆佷腑鏂囪漿鎹負 ASCII 緙栫爜
姝ラ錛?/span>1 銆佸湪 D 鐩樻柊寤?/span> chinese.txt 鏂囦歡錛屽唴瀹逛負錛?/span>
parameter.project.title=榪欐槸涓枃
2銆佸湪鐜鍙橀噺涓緗ソ JDK 璺緞
3銆佽繘鍏?/span> dos 鎺у埗鍙幫紝騫惰繘鍏?/span> D 鐩樼洰褰?/span>
4銆佽緭鍏ュ懡浠わ細 native2ascii -encoding gb2312 chinese.txt ascii.txt 鍥炶濺
閭d箞鍦?/span>D 鐩樼洰褰曚笅鐢熸垚 ascii.txt 鏂囦歡錛屽唴瀹逛負錛?/span>
parameter.project.title=\u8fd9\u662f\u4e2d\u6ascii鐮?涓枃587
No1銆?/span> ASCII 緙栫爜杞崲涓轟腑鏂?/span>
姝ラ錛?/span>1 銆佸湪 D 鐩樻柊寤?/span> ascii.txt 鏂囦歡錛屽唴瀹逛負錛?/span>
parameter.project.title=\u8fd9\u662f\u4e2d\u6ascii鐮?涓枃587
2銆佸湪鐜鍙橀噺涓緗ソ JDK 璺緞
3銆佽繘鍏?/span> dos 鎺у埗鍙幫紝騫惰繘鍏?/span> D 鐩樼洰褰?/span>
4銆佽緭鍏ュ懡浠わ細 native2ascii -reverse -encoding UTF8 ascii.txt chinese.txt 鍥炶濺
閭d箞鍦?/span>D 鐩樼洰褰曚笅鐢熸垚 chinese.txt 鏂囦歡錛屽唴瀹逛負錛?/span>
parameter.project.title=榪欐槸涓枃
鍦↙inux涓璫hkconfighttpd浠誨姟娣誨姞錛孉pache鏈嶅姟鍣ㄧ殑鏈鏂扮ǔ瀹氬彂甯冪増鏈槸httpd-2.2..0,瀹樻柟涓嬭澆鍦板潃鏄細http://httpd.apache.org/download.cgi銆傛垜浠氳繃涓嬮潰鐨勬楠ゆ潵蹇熺殑鎼緩涓涓獁eb鏈嶅姟鍣ㄣ?/p>
1銆佷笅杞芥簮鐮佹枃浠秇ttpd-2.2.0.tar.gz 鍒發inux鏈嶅姟鍣ㄧ殑鏌愪釜鐩綍銆?br />2銆佽В鍘嬫枃浠?# tar zxvf httpd-2.2.0.tar.gz .
3銆侀厤緗?# ./configure –refix=/usr/local/apache //鎸囧畾瀹夎鐩綍錛屼互鍚庤鍒犻櫎瀹夎灝卞彧闇鍒犻櫎榪欎釜鐩綍銆?br />4銆佺紪璇戝拰瀹夎銆?# make ; make install .
5銆佺紪鍐欏惎鍔ㄨ剼鏈紝鎶婂畠鏀懼埌鐩綍 /etc/rc.d/init.d/閲岋紝榪欓噷鍙栧悕涓篽ttpd,鍏跺唴瀹瑰涓嬶細
- #!/bin/bash
- #description:http server
- #chkconfig: 235 98 98
- case "$1" in
- start)
- echo "Starting Apache daemon..."
- /usr/local/apache2/bin/apachectl -k start
- ;;
- stop)
- echo "Stopping Apache daemon..."
- /usr/local/apache2/bin/apachectl -k stop
- ;;
- restart)
- echo "Restarting Apache daemon..."
- /usr/local/apache2/bin/apachectl -k restart
- ;;
- status)
- statusproc /usr/local/apache2/bin/httpd
- ;;
- *)
- echo "Usage: $0 {start|stop|restart|status}"
- exit 1
- ;;
- Esac
娉ㄦ剰錛?description:http server 榪欎竴琛屽繀欏誨姞涓?/strong>錛屽惁鍒欏湪鎵ц鍛戒護
# chkconfig –add httpd
鏃朵細鍑虹幇“service apache does not support chkconfig”鐨勯敊璇姤鍛娿?/p>
#chkconfig: 2345 98 98 琛ㄧず鍦ㄦ墽琛屽懡浠?/p>
# chkconfig –add httpd 鏃朵細鍦ㄧ洰褰?/etc/rc2.d/ 銆?etc/rc3.d/ /etc/rc5.d 鍒嗗埆鐢熸垚鏂囦歡 S98httpd鍜?K98httpd銆傝繖涓暟瀛楀彲浠ユ槸鍒殑銆?/p>
6銆佹墽琛屽懡浠?# chkconfig –add httpd 錛岃繘鍏ョ洰褰?etc/rc3.d/媯鏌ユ槸鍚︾敓鎴愭枃浠? S98httpd鍙奒98httpd.
7銆佸惎鍔ㄦ湇鍔?# service httpd start .
2. Alt+Ctrl+Left/Right Arrow -鍒囨崲妗岄潰
3. Alt+Ctrl+Shift+Left/Right Arrow – 縐誨姩褰撳墠紿楀彛鍒板叾浠栨闈?/span>
4. Alt + Shift+ Up Arrow – 浠ュ緢閰風殑鏂瑰紡鏄劇ず褰撳墠紿楀彛
5. Alt+F9/F10 – 鏈灝忓寲/鏈澶у寲褰撳墠紿楀彛
6. Alt+F5 -涓嶆渶澶у寲褰撳墠紿楀彛
7. Alt+F7 – 嬋媧誨綋鍓嶇獥鍙g殑縐誨姩閫夐」錛屼綘鍙互浣跨敤鏂瑰悜閿Щ鍔ㄥ綋鍓嶇獥鍙o紝鐢氳嚦縐誨姩鍒板叾浠栨闈€?/span>
8. Alt+F8 – 鐢ㄦ柟鍚戦敭璋冩暣褰撳墠紿楀彛澶у皬
9. Ctrl + Alt + D – 鏄劇ず妗岄潰/鎭㈠褰撳墠紿楀彛
10. Alt+ Tab – 鍒囨崲紿楀彛
11. Shift+Ctrl+N – 鏂板緩鏂囦歡澶? 寰堟湁鐢?/span>
12. Alt + Enter – 鏌ョ湅閫夋嫨鏂囦歡/鏂囦歡澶圭殑灞炴э紝浠f浛鍗曞嚮鍙抽敭閫夋嫨灞炴?/span>
13. Ctrl + 1/2 – 鏀瑰彉鏂囦歡澶硅鍥炬煡鐪嬫柟寮忥紝鍥炬爣瑙嗗浘/鍒楄〃瑙嗗浘
14. Ctrl + W – 鍏抽棴褰撳墠Nautilus紿楀彛
15. Ctrl + Shift + W – 鍏抽棴鎵鏈塏autilus紿楀彛
16. Ctrl+T – 鍦∟autilus涓柊寤轟竴涓爣絳?/span>
17. Alt + Up/Down Arrow – 縐誨姩鍒扮埗鏂囦歡澶?閫夋嫨鐨勬枃浠跺す
18. Alt + Left/Right Arrow – 鍚庨/鍓嶈繘
19. Alt + Home -鐩存帴縐誨姩鍒頒富鏂囦歡澶?/span>
20. F9 – 寮鍏蟲樉紺篘autilus渚ц竟鏍?/span>
21. Ctrl + H -寮鍏蟲樉紺洪殣钘忔枃浠跺す
22. Ctrl + Alt + L -閿佸睆
23. Alt + F1 – 鎵撳紑搴旂敤紼嬪簭鑿滃崟
24. Alt + F2 – 鎵撳紑榪愯搴旂敤紼嬪簭瀵硅瘽妗?/span>
25. Win + 榧犳爣婊氳疆 – 鏀懼ぇ/緙╁皬灞忓箷