琛屼負(fù)鍨嬫ā寮忔秹鍙?qiáng)鍒敖帡娉曞拰瀵硅薄闂磋亴璐ｇ殑鍒嗛厤銆傚皢娉ㄦ剰鍔涗粠鎺у埗嫻佽漿縐誨埌瀵硅薄闂寸殑鑱旂郴鏂瑰紡涓婃潵銆?br />
琛屼負(fù)妯″紡鍒嗕負(fù)錛?span style="font-weight: bold; color: red">琛屼負(fù)綾繪ā寮?/span>鍜?span style="font-weight: bold; color: red">琛屼負(fù)瀵硅薄妯″紡銆?span style="font-weight: bold">琛屼負(fù)綾繪ā寮忎嬌鐢?span style="color: brown">緇ф壙鏈哄埗鍦ㄧ被闂村垎媧捐涓?/span>錛?span style="font-weight: bold">琛屼負(fù)瀵硅薄妯″紡浣跨敤瀵硅薄澶嶅悎鑰屼笉鏄戶鎵褲?/span>
Template Method妯℃澘鏂規(guī)硶妯″紡
Template Method妯℃澘鏂規(guī)硶妯″紡浠嬬粛錛?br />
Template Method妯℃澘鏂規(guī)硶妯″紡鏄竴縐嶈涓哄瀷妯″紡錛屽叿浣撶偣璇存槸琛屼負(fù)綾誨瀷妯″紡銆備富瑕佽В鍐沖湪杞歡鏋勫緩榪囩▼涓紝瀵逛簬鏌愪竴欏逛換鍔★紝甯稿父鏈夌ǔ瀹氱殑鏁翠綋鎿嶄綔緇撴瀯錛屼絾鍚勪釜瀛愭楠ゅ嵈鏈夊緢澶氭敼鍙樼殑闇姹傦紝鎴栬呯敱浜庡浐鏈夌殑鍘熷洜鑰屾棤娉曞拰浠誨姟鐨勬暣浣撶粨鏋勫悓鏃跺疄鐜般?br />
GoF銆婅璁℃ā寮忋嬩腑璇撮亾錛氬畾涔変竴涓搷浣滀腑鐨勭畻娉曠殑楠ㄦ灦錛岃屽皢涓浜涙楠ゅ歡榪熷埌瀛愮被涓俆emplate Method浣垮緱瀛愮被鍙互涓嶆敼鍙樹竴涓畻娉曠殑緇撴瀯鍗沖彲閲嶅畾涔夎綆楁硶鐨勬煇浜涚壒瀹氭楠?br />
Template Method妯″紡鐨勭粨鏋?br />
瀹氫箟鍦烘櫙
鍗曠湅緇撴瀯涓嶅ソ鐞嗚В錛屾垜浠潵緇撳悎紼嬪簭榪涜鍒嗘瀽銆傜幇鍦ㄥ畾涔変竴涓満鏅細(xì)鎴戞兂澶у閮界帺榪囨瀬鍝侀杞︼紙鎴戠浉褰撳枩嬈級(jí)銆傛父鎴忎腑鏈夊緢澶氱殑姹借濺錛屼絾鏄粠鎿嶄綔瑙掑害鐪嬪ぇ鍚屽皬寮傘傛棤闈炴槸璧鋒錛圫tartUp錛夈佽椹訛紙Run錛夈佸仠杞︼紙Stop錛夌瓑絳夎涓恒傛苯杞﹁椹剁殑鍔ㄤ綔涔嬮棿鍙兘瀛樺湪鐫宸紓錛屼緥濡傦細(xì)鎵嬪姩妗ｅ拰鑷姩妗ｏ紝浣嗘槸鎺ュ彛鏄竴鏍風(fēng)殑錛屾崲鍙ヨ瘽璇達(dá)紝鍩烘湰閮芥槸榪欏嚑涓姩浣溿傜粨鍚圱emplate Method妯″紡璁插氨鏄湪榪欎釜紼嬪簭涓紝緇撴瀯錛堝姹借濺鐨勬搷浣滐級(jí)鏄ǔ瀹氱殑錛屼絾鏄彉鍖栧湪浜庡悇涓瓙姝ラ錛堟搷浣滆涓虹殑鍏蜂綋瀹炵幇錛夈?br />
紼嬪簭瀹炵幇涓庣粨鏋勫垎鏋?br />
棣栧厛鎴戜滑闇瑕佷竴涓苯杞︾殑鎶借薄綾伙紙緇撴瀯鍥句腑鐨凙bstractClass錛?br />
public abstract class AbstractCar
{
protected abstract string StartUp();
protected abstract string Run();
protected abstract string Stop();
public void DriveOnTheRoad()
{
Console.WriteLine(StartUp());
Console.WriteLine(Run());
Console.WriteLine(Stop());
}
}
鍦ㄨ繖孌典唬鐮佷腑錛屾娊璞℃柟娉昐tartUp銆丷un銆丼top鍙仛primitive operation錛堝師璇搷浣滐級(jí)錛屽畠浠槸鍦ㄥ瓙綾諱腑鐨勬墿灞曠偣錛屼緥濡傛垜浠緙栧啓涓杈咮ORA鐨勫疄鐜幫紝鍦ㄤ粬緇ф壙AbstractCar鍚庯紝鍙互鍦ㄨ繖鍑犱釜primitive operation涓婅繘琛岃嚜宸變釜姝ラ鐨勫疄鐜般?br />
AbstractCar涓殑DriveOnTheRoad鏂規(guī)硶鍙仛template method錛堟ā鏉挎柟娉曪級(jí)錛宼emplate method鐢╬rimitive operation瀹氫箟涓涓畻娉曪紝鏄浉瀵圭ǔ瀹氱殑閮ㄥ垎銆傦紙瀛愮被涓噸鏂板畾涔塸rimitive operation錛夈?br />
鐒跺悗鎴戜滑瑕佸疄鐜頒竴杈咮ORA姹借濺錛堢粨鏋勫浘涓殑ConcreteClass錛?br />
public class BORA : AbstractCar //緇ф壙
{
protected override string StartUp()
{
return "BORA is StartUp";
}
protected override string Run()
{
return "BORA is Running";
}
protected override string Stop()
{
return "BORA is Stoped";
}
}
鎺ヤ笅鏉ユ垜浠繘琛屽鎴風(fēng)▼搴忕殑瀹炵幇
class Program
{
static void Main(string[] args)
{
ClientApp.Drive(new BORA());
Console.Read();
}
}
public class ClientApp
{
public static void Drive(AbstractCar car)
{
car.DriveOnTheRoad();
}
}
榪愯緇撴灉濡備笅錛?br />
BORA is StartUp
BORA is Running
BORA is Stoped
Template Method瑕佺偣
1銆?nbsp; Template Method妯″紡鏄竴縐嶉潪甯稿熀紜鎬х殑璁捐妯″紡錛屽湪闈㈠悜瀵硅薄緋葷粺涓湁鐫澶ч噺鐨勫簲鐢ㄣ傚畠鐢ㄦ渶綆媧佺殑鏈哄埗錛?span style="font-weight: bold; color: red">铏氬嚱鏁扮殑澶氭佹?/span>錛変負(fù)浜?jiǎn)寰堝搴旂敤绋嬪簭妗嗘灦鎻愪緵浜?jiǎn)鐏墊椿鐨勬墿灞曠偣錛屾槸浠ｇ爜澶嶇敤鏂歸潰鐨勫熀鏈疄鐜扮粨鏋勩?br />
2銆?nbsp; 闄や簡(jiǎn)鍙互鐏墊椿搴斿瀛愭楠ょ殑鍙樺寲澶栵紝“Don't call me.Let me Call you”鐨勫弽鍚戞帶鍒剁粨鏋勬槸Template Method鐨勫吀鍨嬪簲鐢ㄣ?#8220;Don’t call me.Let me Call you”鏄寚涓涓埗綾昏皟鐢ㄤ竴涓瓙綾葷殑鎿嶄綔錛岃屼笉鏄浉鍙嶃?br />
3銆?nbsp; 鍦ㄥ叿浣撳疄鐜版柟闈紝琚玊emplate Method璋冪敤鐨勮櫄鏂規(guī)硶鍙互鍏鋒湁瀹炵幇錛屼篃鍙互娌℃湁浠諱綍瀹炵幇錛堟娊璞℃柟娉曘佺函铏氭柟娉曪級(jí)錛屼絾涓鑸帹鑽愬皢瀹冧滑璁劇疆涓簆rotected鏂規(guī)硶銆傚彲浠ユ病鏈夊叿浣撳疄鐜扮殑鏂規(guī)硶搴旇縐頒負(fù)hook operation錛堥挬瀛愭搷浣滐級(jí)錛屾彁渚涗簡(jiǎn)緙虹渷鐨勮涓猴紝瀛愮被鍙互鍦ㄥ繀瑕佹椂榪涜鎵╁睍銆?br />
4銆?nbsp; 灝介噺鍑忓皯primitive operation錛屽洜涓洪渶瑕侀噸鏂板畾涔夌殑鎿嶄綔瓚婂錛屽鎴風(fēng)▼搴忓氨瓚婇暱
]]>
璇村埌Singleton,灝變笉鑳戒笉鎻愬叏灞鍙橀噺銆傝繃鍘繪垜浠弽瀵瑰叏灞鍙橀噺錛屼負(fù)浠涔堝憿錛熷叏灞鍙橀噺涓鑸瓨鍦ㄤ笁涓棶棰橈細(xì)
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瀵逛簬絎竴涓棶棰橈紝鍏跺疄瑙ｅ喅寰堢畝鍗曪紝閫氳繃鍛藉悕瑙勮寖鍙互鏈夋晥瑙ｅ喅銆傚彟澶栵紝鍊熷姪璇█鏈哄埗涔熷鏄撹В鍐籌紝渚嬪C++鐨?/span>namespace, class鎴?/span>struct鐨勯潤(rùn)鎬佹暟鎹垚鍛樸?/span>Java鍜?/span>C#鏍規(guī)湰涓嶅厑璁稿叏灞鍙橀噺錛屽茍涓斿紩鍏ュ寘鏈哄埗錛岄兘鍙互緙撹В鐢氳嚦娑堥櫎榪欎竴褰卞搷錛岃嚦灝戯紝Singleton瀵硅闂鐨勮В鍐沖姏搴﹀茍涓嶈秴榪囪繖浜涜璦鎻愪緵鐨勫唴寤烘満鍒躲?/span>
鍒濆鍖栭『搴忎緷璧栭棶棰樻槸涓涓浉褰撳井濡欑殑闂銆傚熷姪浜?/span>Singleton, 鎴戜滑鍙互寮哄埗鏌愪簺瀵硅薄鎸夐渶鍒涘緩錛岄伩鍏嶅垵濮嬪寲欏哄簭渚濊禆瀵艱嚧鐨勯棶棰樸傜劧鑰岋紝鍒濆鍖栭『搴忔槸涓涓浄鍖猴紝鎴戜滑蹇呴』灝忓績(jī)緲肩考鍦扮粫榪囧幓錛屼絾棣栧厛涓嶅簲璇ラ氳繃瀹炵幇鎶鏈潵瑙勯伩闂錛岃屽簲璇ヨ皟鏁磋璁★紝璁╁垵濮嬪寲欏哄簭闂鏍規(guī)湰涓嶅嚭鐜版墠鏄笂絳栥傜浜岋紝鏌愪簺鎯呭喌涓嬶紝鎴戜滑紜疄闇瑕佽閬垮垵濮嬪寲欏哄簭闂錛屾垜浠篃闇瑕佹竻閱掑湴璁よ瘑鍒拌瀹炵幇鎵嬫褰卞搷鍒扮殑浠ｇ爜鑼冨洿錛屽彈鍏跺獎(jiǎng)鍝嶇殑閮ㄥ垎瓚婂崟涓瓚婂ソ銆?/span>
榪滅▼浠ｇ爜鑰﹀悎錛岃繖鏄垜浠弽瀵瑰叏灞鍙橀噺鐨勬牳蹇?jī)闂銆備換浣曢暱璺濈鐨勮﹀悎閮藉皢瀵艱嚧浠ｇ爜鐨勫彲璇繪т笅闄嶏紝榪涜屽彲鑳藉獎(jiǎng)鍝嶄唬鐮佺粨鏋勶紝瀵艱嚧緇撴瀯鍍靛寲錛屾棤鍔涘簲瀵瑰洜闇姹傚彉鍖栧鑷寸殑緇撴瀯璋冩暣銆傚緢閬楁喚錛?/span>Singleton騫朵笉鑳藉榪欎釜闂鏈変換浣曞府鍔┿傚綋鎴戜滑鍥為伩鍏ㄥ眬鍙橀噺鐨勬椂鍊欙紝浜嬪疄涓婏紝鎴戜滑涔熻閬夸簡(jiǎn)涓婅堪鐨勪笁涓棶棰樸傚彲鏄紝濡傛灉鎴戜滑涓嶈兘瀹℃厧鍦頒嬌鐢?/span>Singleton灝變細(xì)閲嶆柊钀藉叆鍏ㄥ眬鍙橀噺鐨勬牳蹇?jī)闄烽樧兏巺R?/span>
| 鍚嶇О | Singleton |
| 緇撴瀯 |
\涔︾睄\璁捐妯″紡.chm::/110_files/Singleton[1].gif "Singleton")
|
| 鎰忓浘 | 淇濊瘉涓涓被浠呮湁涓涓疄渚嬶紝騫舵彁渚涗竴涓闂畠鐨勫叏灞璁塊棶鐐廣?/font> |
| 閫傜敤鎬?/font> |
|
Singleton妯″紡涓昏浣滅敤鏄繚璇佸湪Java搴旂敤紼嬪簭涓紝涓涓被Class鍙湁涓涓疄渚嬪瓨鍦ㄣ?
鍦ㄥ緢澶氭搷浣滀腑錛屾瘮濡傚緩绔嬬洰褰?鏁版嵁搴撹繛鎺ラ兘闇瑕佽繖鏍風(fēng)殑鍗曠嚎紼嬫搷浣溿?/p>
榪樻湁, singleton鑳藉琚姸鎬佸寲; 榪欐牱錛屽涓崟鎬佺被鍦ㄤ竴璧峰氨鍙互浣滀負(fù)涓涓姸鎬佷粨搴撲竴鏍峰悜澶栨彁渚涙湇鍔★紝姣斿錛屼綘瑕佽鍧涗腑鐨勫笘瀛愯鏁板櫒錛屾瘡嬈℃祻瑙堜竴嬈￠渶瑕佽鏁幫紝鍗曟佺被鑳藉惁淇濇寔浣忚繖涓鏁幫紝騫朵笖鑳絪ynchronize鐨勫畨鍏ㄨ嚜鍔ㄥ姞1錛屽鏋滀綘瑕佹妸榪欎釜鏁板瓧姘鎬箙淇濆瓨鍒版暟鎹簱錛屼綘鍙互鍦ㄤ笉淇敼鍗曟佹帴鍙ｇ殑鎯呭喌涓嬫柟渚跨殑鍋氬埌銆?/p>
鍙﹀鏂歸潰錛孲ingleton涔熻兘澶熻鏃犵姸鎬佸寲銆傛彁渚涘伐鍏鋒ц川鐨勫姛鑳斤紝
Singleton妯″紡灝變負(fù)鎴戜滑鎻愪緵浜?jiǎn)杩欐牱瀹炵幇鐨勫彲鑳姐備嬌鐢⊿ingleton鐨勫ソ澶勮繕鍦ㄤ簬鍙互鑺傜渷鍐呭瓨錛屽洜涓哄畠闄愬埗浜?jiǎn)瀹炰緥鐨勪釜鏁板Q屾湁鍒╀簬Java鍨冨溇鍥炴敹錛坓arbage collection錛夈?br />
鎴戜滑甯稿父鐪嬪埌宸ュ巶妯″紡涓被瑁呭叆鍣?class loader)涓篃鐢⊿ingleton妯″紡瀹炵幇鐨?鍥犱負(fù)琚鍏ョ殑綾誨疄闄呬篃灞炰簬璧勬簮銆?br />
濡備綍浣跨敤?
涓鑸琒ingleton妯″紡閫氬父鏈夊嚑縐嶅艦寮?
public class Singleton { 銆銆private Singleton(){} 銆銆//鍦ㄨ嚜宸卞唴閮ㄥ畾涔夎嚜宸變竴涓疄渚嬶紝鏄笉鏄緢濂囨紵 銆銆private static Singleton instance = new Singleton(); 銆銆//榪欓噷鎻愪緵浜?jiǎn)涓涓緵澶栭儴璁塊棶鏈琧lass鐨勯潤(rùn)鎬佹柟娉曪紝鍙互鐩存帴璁塊棶銆銆 聽 |
絎簩縐嶅艦寮?
| public class Singleton {
銆銆private static Singleton instance = null; } 聽 |
浣跨敤Singleton.getInstance()鍙互璁塊棶鍗曟佺被銆?/p>
涓婇潰絎簩涓艦寮忔槸lazy initialization錛屼篃灝辨槸璇寸涓嬈¤皟鐢ㄦ椂鍒濆Singleton錛屼互鍚庡氨涓嶇敤鍐嶇敓鎴愪簡(jiǎn)銆?/p>
娉ㄦ剰鍒發(fā)azy initialization褰㈠紡涓殑synchronized錛岃繖涓猻ynchronized寰堥噸瑕侊紝濡傛灉娌℃湁synchronized錛岄偅涔堜嬌鐢╣etInstance()鏄湁鍙兘寰楀埌澶氫釜Singleton瀹炰緥銆傚叧浜巐azy initialization鐨凷ingleton鏈夊緢澶氭秹鍙?qiáng)double-checked locking (DCL)鐨勮璁猴紝鏈夊叴瓚ｈ呰繘涓姝ョ爺絀躲?/p>
涓鑸涓虹涓縐嶅艦寮忚鏇村姞瀹夊叏浜涖?br />
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