涔嬪墠鎴戜滑鏇劇粡鎶ラ亾璋鋒瓕鎺ㄥ嚭浜嗏滄槬榪愪氦閫氬浘鈥濇湇鍔★紝鎻愪緵鏈鏂扮殑澶╂皵鍙婇搧璺佽埅絀烘槬榪愭儏鍐碉紝鏂逛究澶у鍑鴻銆?
闅忕潃浣寵妭鐨勪復榪戯紝浜叉湅濂藉弸闂翠簰鍙戠煭淇$紱忎篃娓愭笎澧炲璧鋒潵錛岃胺姝屾柊鎺ㄥ嚭浜嗙儹姒滀笓棰樷?008鐭俊鏈嫻佽鈥濓紝鎮ㄥ彧闇瑕佽緭鍏ユ墜鏈哄彿鍜岄獙璇佺爜錛屽氨鑳藉厤璐瑰彂閫佸寘鎷粡鍏歌春宀併佹帓姣斿瘎璇佸菇榛橀棶鍊欍佹暟瀛椾紶鎯呭拰榧犲勾紲濈鍦ㄥ唴鐨勬祦琛岀煭淇′簡銆?
璇ラ」鏈嶅姟鐨勭綉鍧涓猴細http://www.google.cn/rebang/msg錛屾湁鍏磋叮鐨勬湅鍙嬪彲鍘昏瘯璇曠湅錛屾槬鑺傝漿鍙戠煭淇′細璁╀綘鏂逛究涓嶅皯鐨勩?
鍦?a class="f14_link" target="_blank">璋鋒瓕鏄ヨ繍浜ら氬浘涓婏紝涓嶄粎璇︾粏鏍囨敞浜嗗叏鍥藉ぉ姘旀儏鍐碉紝榪樻樉紺轟簡鍚勫湴鐏濺銆佸杞︺佽埅鐝侀珮閫熷叕璺佸浗閬撶殑鏈鏂拌繍琛屾秷鎭傚乏渚т晶杈規爮鍒欐槸鍗蟲椂鍙戝竷鐨勮緇嗕氦閫氭柊闂匯?/p>
涓嬮潰鏄竴浜涗嬌鐢ㄦ寚鍗楋紝甯屾湜鎵鏈夎韓鍦ㄥ鍦扮殑椹卞璇昏呰兘澶熷敖鏃╂惌涓婂洖瀹剁殑鐏濺鍜岃埅鐝紝涓庡浜哄洟鑱氭柊騫達細
1.鍦ㄩ噸瑕佺殑浜ら氭灑綰戒笂鏂癸紝澶у鍙互鐪嬪埌涓浜涚伀杞︺佹苯杞︽垨椋炴満鐘剁殑灝忓浘鏍囷紝鎵撳紑瀹冧滑鍒欒兘浜嗚В璇ュ湴浜ら氱殑鏈鏂版儏鍐碉紝濡傚仠姝㈠敭紲ㄣ佸叧闂満鍦哄拰姹借濺鍋滆繍鐨勬椂闂村拰鍘熷洜錛屽仠榪愮殑杞︽錛岃濺绔欐垨鏈哄満婊炵暀鐨勬梾瀹漢鏁頒互鍙婂湪浣曞閫紲ㄧ瓑銆?/p>
2.鏄ヨ繍浜ら氬浘涓婅繕鏍囧嚭浜嗕富瑕佺殑閾佽礬銆侀珮閫熷叕璺拰鍥介亾錛屽鏋滈搧璺垨鍏礬琚?鍔犵孩鍔犵矖"銆侀偅灝辮鏄庡畠鍙兘澶勪簬灝佽礬鎴栧彈闃葷姸鎬併傜偣鍑誨悗鍗沖彲浜嗚В婊炵暀浜烘暟銆佺洰鍓嶆儏鍐點佹寔緇椂闂淬?/p>
3.闄や簡榪欎簺鍥炬爣淇℃伅澶栵紝璋鋒瓕"鏄ヨ繍浜ら氬浘"宸︿晶鍒楀嚭浜嗗拰鏄ヨ繍鐩稿叧鐨勩佹秹鍙婂ぉ姘斿強浜ら氱殑鏍囬錛屼緥濡?涓婃搗鍋滃敭闀塊旂伀杞︾エ"鎴?鍗椾含鏈哄満鍏抽棴"錛屼笉蹇呰垂鍔涙斁澶с佺緝灝忓拰鎷夊姩鐢靛瓙鍦板浘鏉ュ鎵懼叧娉ㄧ殑鍩庡競鍜屽湴鍖猴紝鍙渶鐐瑰嚮榪欎簺鏍囬錛岀數瀛愬湴鍥懼氨浼氳嚜鍔ㄥ鉤縐誨埌鐩稿簲鐨勫煄甯傛垨鍦板尯錛屽脊鍑鴻緇嗙殑淇℃伅銆?/p>
4.濡傛灉鎮ㄤ簡瑙f渶鏂扮殑澶╂皵銆佷氦閫氭儏鎶ワ紝鍙互鍙戦佸埌chunyun.china@gmail.com錛岀粡榪囨牳瀹炴棤璇悗錛岃胺姝屽伐浣滀漢鍛樹細鎶婂畠鏇存柊鍒版槬榪愪氦閫氬浘涓娿傚啀嬈$鎰挎墍鏈夌殑鏈嬪弸閮借兘瀹夊叏欏哄埄鍦板洖瀹訛紝棰勭澶у鏄ヨ妭蹇箰
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鍦?007騫?鏈堬紝MapReduce鐨勫伐浣滈噺澶氳揪221.7涓囦釜錛屽鉤鍧囧畬鎴愭椂闂?95縐掞紝騫沖潎姣忎釜宸ヤ綔浣跨敤394鍙版満鍣紝涓涓湀涓嬫潵灝辮鍔ㄧ敤11081鍙版湇鍔″櫒錛涘綋鏈堟瘡澶㎝ap杈撳叆鏁版嵁403152TB錛孧ap杈撳嚭鏁版嵁34774TB錛孯educe杈撳嚭鏁版嵁14018TB錛?strong>鏈緇堣緭鍑?0756TB錛屼篃灝辨槸灝嗚繎21PB銆?/p>
Google榪樺悓鏃墮忛湶浜?004騫?鏈堝拰2006騫?鏈堢殑MapReduce鐘舵佺粺璁★紝瀵規瘮涔嬩笅鏇磋兘鐪嬪嚭Google鐨勯璺冨彂灞曪紝鍗曞氨澶勭悊鏁版嵁閲忚岃█灝辨槸涓夊勾鍓嶇殑37鍊嶃?/p>
鏈鍚庡啀鐪嬬湅Google闆嗙兢鑺傜偣鐨勬爣鍑嗛厤緗細鍙岃礬Intel Xeon 2GHz瓚呯嚎紼嬪鐞嗗櫒銆?GB鍐呭瓨銆佷袱鍧?60GB IDE紜洏銆佸崈鍏嗕互澶綉銆?/strong>榪欑鏈哄櫒鍦ㄤ紒楣呰綆楁垨鎴村皵閭i噷浠峰煎ぇ綰?400緹庡厓錛屽湪Verio絳夊鐨勪富鏈烘墭綆¤垂鐢ㄤ竴涓湀瑕?00緹庡厓宸﹀彸銆備竴涓狹apReduce宸ヤ綔鐨勭‖浠墮泦緹よ繍琛屾垚鏈珮杈?00涓囩編鍏冿紝鑰屼笖榪欒繕涓嶅寘鎷甫瀹借垂鐢ㄣ佹暟鎹腑蹇冨紑閿銆佸憳宸ュ伐璧勭瓑銆?/p>
MapReduce錛欸oogle寮鍙戠殑C++緙栫▼宸ュ叿錛岀敤浜庡ぇ瑙勬ā鏁版嵁闆?澶т簬1TB)鐨勫茍琛岃繍綆楋紝鈥淢ap鈥?鏄犲皠)鍜屸淩educe鈥?綆鍖?浠ュ強涓昏鎬濇兂閮芥槸浠庡嚱鏁板紡緙栫▼璇█鍜岀煝閲忕紪紼嬭璦閭i噷鍊熸潵鐨勩?/p>
Jeff Dean錛氬ぉ鎵嶆灦鏋勫笀錛孏oogle澶у瀷騫跺彂緙栫▼妗嗘灦MapReduce鐨勪綔鑰呫?/p>
Sanjay Ghemawat錛欸oogle鍩虹煶涔嬩竴銆佸ぇ瑙勬ā鍒嗗竷寮忔枃浠剁郴緇熲淕oogle FileSystem鈥?GFS)鐨勪富瑕佷綔鑰咃紝鍚屾椂涔熸槸Google MapReduce浠ュ強Google BigTable鐨勪綔鑰呬箣涓銆?/p>
闄勬敞錛?/p>
闄勶細TCP/IP鍘嗗彶
浼犺緭鎺у埗鍗忚/Internet鍗忚(TCP/IP)鏄涓氭爣鍑嗗崗璁浠訛紝姝ゅ崗璁槸涓撲負閭d簺鐢遍氳繃璺敱鍣ㄧ浉榪炵殑涓嶅悓緗戞鏋勬垚鐨勫ぇ鍨嬬綉緇滆璁$殑銆俆CP/IP鏄疘nternet涓婁嬌鐢ㄧ殑鍗忚銆侷nternet鏄敱涓栫晫鍚勫湴鎴愬崈涓婁竾鐨勭綉緇滄瀯鎴愮殑緗戠粶闆嗗悎錛屽畠榪炴帴鐫涓嶅悓鐨勭爺絀舵満鏋勩佸ぇ瀛︺佸浘涔﹂銆佹斂搴滄満鏋勩佺浜哄叕鍙稿拰涓漢銆?
TCP/IP鐨勮搗婧愬彲浠ヨ拷婧埌鐢辯編鍥藉浗闃查儴(DoD)楂樼駭鐮旂┒璁″垝灞(DARPA)鍦ㄤ簩鍗佷笘綰叚鍗佸勾浠e悗鏈熷拰涓冨崄騫翠唬鏃╂湡榪涜鐨勭爺絀躲備笅闈㈡憳瑕佸垪鍑轟簡TCP/IP鍙戝睍鍙蹭笂鐨勪竴浜涢噸澶т簨浠訛細
1970騫達紝ARPANET涓繪満寮濮嬩嬌鐢ㄧ綉緇滄帶鍒跺崗璁?NCP)錛岃繖灝辨槸鍚庢潵鐨勪紶杈撴帶鍒跺崗璁?TCP)鐨勯洀褰€?
1972騫達紝Telnet鍗忚鎺ㄥ嚭銆俆elnet鐢ㄤ簬緇堢浠跨湡浠ヨ繛鎺ョ浉寮傜殑緋葷粺銆傚湪浜屽崄涓栫邯涓冨崄騫翠唬鏃╂湡錛岃繖浜涚郴緇熶嬌鐢ㄤ笉鍚岀被鍨嬬殑涓繪満銆?/p>
1973騫達紝鏂囦歡浼犺緭鍗忚(FTP)鎺ㄥ嚭銆侳TP鐢ㄤ簬鍦ㄧ浉寮傜殑緋葷粺涔嬮棿浜ゆ崲鏂囦歡銆?
1974騫達紝浼犺緭鎺у埗鍗忚(TCP)琚緇嗚瀹氫笅鏉ャ俆CP鍙栦唬NCP錛屽畠涓轟漢浠彁渚涗簡鏇村彲闈犵殑閫氫俊鏈嶅姟銆?
1981騫達紝Internet鍗忚(IP)(鍙堢ОIP鐗堟湰4[IPv4])琚緇嗚瀹氫笅鏉ャ侷P涓虹鍒扮浼犻掓彁渚涘鍧鍜岃礬鐢卞姛鑳姐?
1982騫達紝鍥介槻閫氫俊緗?DCA)鍜孉RPA寤虹珛浜嗕紶杈撴帶鍒跺崗璁?TCP)鍜孖nternet鍗忚 (IP)浣滀負TCP/IP鍗忚濂椾歡銆?/p>
1983騫達紝ARPANET灝哊CP鏇挎崲涓篢CP/IP銆?
1984騫達紝鍩熷悕緋葷粺(DNS)鎺ㄥ嚭銆侱NS鍙皢鍩熷悕(濡倃ww.example.com)瑙f瀽涓篒P鍦板潃(濡?92.168.5.18)銆?
1995騫達紝Internet鏈嶅姟鎻愪緵鍟?ISP)寮濮嬪悜浼佷笟鍜屼釜浜烘彁渚汭nternet鎺ュ叆銆?
1996騫達紝瓚呮枃鏈紶閫佸崗璁?HTTP)鎺ㄥ嚭銆備竾緇寸綉浣跨敤HTTP銆?
1996騫達紝絎竴濂桰P鐗堟湰6(IPv6)鏍囧噯鍙戝竷銆?
鏍規嵁浠ヤ笂鐨勭粺璁¤祫鏂欐樉紺猴紝铏界劧Gmail鐨勭敤鎴蜂笂鍗囪緝蹇紝浣嗘槸榪樻棤娉曡窡Yahoo淇$榪欑鍩烘暟杈冨ぇ鐨勫厤璐逛俊綆辯浉鎻愬茍璁恒傝屽井杞湪浠婂勾鍒濇彁鍑虹殑Live鏈嶅姟鍏佽Live鍙奌otmail錛孧SN絳夊縐嶄俊綆辯敤鎴風櫥闄嗭紝鎵浠ユ棤娉曞寰蔣鐨勪俊綆辯敤鎴鋒暟閲忚繘琛岀粺璁°俢omScore鍏徃鍦ㄤ粖騫村洓鏈堝Hotmail鍩熷悕鐩戞帶鐨勭粨鏋滄槸4700涓囪闂咃紝浣嗘槸comScore鍏徃鏃犳硶瀵筁ive鍩熷悕榪涜鐩戞帶錛屽洜涓篖ive鍙互鍒嗕負Live.fr錛孡ive.de錛宭ive.com絳夌瓑澶氫釜鍩熷悕錛屾棤娉曡繘琛岀粺涓鐨勭洃鎺с?/p>
鏄劇劧鎴戜滑騫朵笉緙轟箯Gmail鐨勭埍濂借咃紝浣嗘槸渚濈収鐩墠Google鐨勫闀塊熷害榪涜浼拌鐨勮瘽錛屾渶蹇篃瑕佸埌2010騫碐oogle 鐨凣mail鎵嶆湁鍙兘瓚呰秺Yahoo鐨勫厤璐逛俊綆便傝繖涔熻淇濊瘉Yahoo鐨勫厤璐逛俊綆卞熀鏈病鏈変換浣曞闀跨殑鍓嶆彁涓嬨?/p>
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鍦ㄦ暟鏈堜箣鍓嶏紝鎴戜滑鐭ラ亾Gmail鐨勭┖闂村ぇ灝忚繕鏄?GB錛屼笉榪?GB宸茬粡澶уぇ瓚呭嚭澶у鏁頒漢鐨勮鎯充簡錛屽緢澶氫漢榪?%涔熺敤涓嶅埌銆傝岀幇鍦ㄧ殑鍦h癁鑺傛湡闂達紝Gmail鍦ㄦ病鏈変簨鍏堥氱煡鐨勬儏鍐典笅涓璺冨崌綰т負6GB錛岀湅璧鋒潵Google涔熸兂緇欏ぇ瀹朵竴浜涘湥璇炶妭鎯婂枩銆?/p>
Google鍏徃鐨勫伐紼嬪笀鏃ュ墠琛ㄧず錛屽皢鏉ワ紝Google灝嗘妸涓夌駭鍩熷悕絳夊悓浜庣綉绔欑殑瀛愮洰褰曪紝姣忎竴嬈℃悳绱㈠皢鍙細灞曠ず鏉ヨ嚜涓涓煙鍚嶇殑涓や釜緗戦〉緇撴灉銆?
濯掍綋鍒嗘瀽璁や負錛孏oogle榪欎竴鑰冮噺鏄劇劧鏄拡瀵逛竴閮ㄥ垎鎼滅儲寮曟搸浼樺寲鍏徃銆備笉榪囷紝闄愬埗涓夌駭鍩熷悕鏄劇ず灝嗕細鎺掗櫎涓浜涗釜浜轟富欏墊彁渚涘晢銆佽櫄鎷熶富鏈烘彁渚涘晢銆佸崥瀹㈢綉绔欑瓑絳夈傝繖浜涚綉绔欑殑涓夌駭鍩熷悕灝嗚瑙嗕負鐙珛緗戠珯銆?
涓嶈繃鏈夊崥瀹㈠彂鐜幫紝Google榪欎竴瑙勫畾灝嗙粰鑷繁鍒墮犻夯鐑︺侴oogle鍏徃鑷繁鎷ユ湁澶ч噺涓夌駭鍩熷悕錛屾瘮濡倃ww.google.com錛?video.google.com錛宮aps.google.com錛実roups.google.com絳夌瓑銆傚鏋滄柊瑙勫垯涓瑙嗗悓浠侊紝Google緇撴灉鍑虹幇鐨勬鐜囧皢澶уぇ闄嶄綆銆?/p>
絎竴澶╋紝Google鍑犱釜澶у瓧瀵逛簬榪欏府宸ヤ漢鏉ヨ瀹炲湪澶珮浜嗭紝闇瑕佺敤澶х偖鎶婂僵甯﹀拰宸ヤ漢涓璧鋒墦涓婂幓銆?/p>
寮濮嬫墦铦磋澏緇擄紝鍚屾椂鐢ㄨ搗閲嶆満鍚婄潃鐨勫伐浜哄紑濮嬫補婕唎瀛楃殑緋栨灉澶栬銆?/p>
铦磋澏緇撳畬鎴愶紝寮濮嬫補婕唀錛岃悿鐏櫕緗愭帹鍒般?/p>
鏀懼嚭钀ょ伀铏?/p>
澶у姛鍛婃垚錛屼匠鑺傛剦蹇紒