??xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8" standalone="yes"?>中文字幕亚洲不卡在线亚瑟,亚洲a∨国产av综合av下载,国产AV无码专区亚洲AV蜜芽 http://www.tkk7.com/tiandizhijian/不要因ؓ(f)风雨飘落停止了(jin)你的脚步Q真正的得失在你的?j)中? 做喜Ƣ做的事Q不轻言攑ּQ?/description>zh-cnSat, 10 May 2025 07:38:07 GMTSat, 10 May 2025 07:38:07 GMT60Centos6.4_Hadoop2.6.0 环境搭徏_Centos6.4下安装配|FTP Serverhttp://www.tkk7.com/tiandizhijian/archive/2017/01/07/432251.html做强大的自己做强大的自己Sat, 07 Jan 2017 11:44:00 GMThttp://www.tkk7.com/tiandizhijian/archive/2017/01/07/432251.htmlhttp://www.tkk7.com/tiandizhijian/comments/432251.htmlhttp://www.tkk7.com/tiandizhijian/archive/2017/01/07/432251.html#Feedback0http://www.tkk7.com/tiandizhijian/comments/commentRss/432251.htmlhttp://www.tkk7.com/tiandizhijian/services/trackbacks/432251.html
1?span style="line-height: 27.2px;">service iptables off
     参考命令:(x)
     service iptables stop

     service iptables start
     service iptables restart

2、yum  install  vsftpd   -y

3
、yum  install  db4  -y









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Centos6.4_Hadoop2.6.0 环境搭徏_Centos6.4下安装配|FTP Serverhttp://www.tkk7.com/tiandizhijian/archive/2017/01/07/432252.html做强大的自己做强大的自己Sat, 07 Jan 2017 11:44:00 GMThttp://www.tkk7.com/tiandizhijian/archive/2017/01/07/432252.htmlhttp://www.tkk7.com/tiandizhijian/comments/432252.htmlhttp://www.tkk7.com/tiandizhijian/archive/2017/01/07/432252.html#Feedback0http://www.tkk7.com/tiandizhijian/comments/commentRss/432252.htmlhttp://www.tkk7.com/tiandizhijian/services/trackbacks/432252.html
1?span style="line-height: 27.2px;">service iptables off
     参考命令:(x)
     service iptables stop

     service iptables start
     service iptables restart

2、yum  install  vsftpd   -y

3
、yum  install  db4  -y









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Linux入门教程Q六Qlinux盘理http://www.tkk7.com/tiandizhijian/archive/2017/01/01/432231.html做强大的自己做强大的自己Sun, 01 Jan 2017 06:44:00 GMThttp://www.tkk7.com/tiandizhijian/archive/2017/01/01/432231.htmlhttp://www.tkk7.com/tiandizhijian/comments/432231.htmlhttp://www.tkk7.com/tiandizhijian/archive/2017/01/01/432231.html#Feedback0http://www.tkk7.com/tiandizhijian/comments/commentRss/432231.htmlhttp://www.tkk7.com/tiandizhijian/services/trackbacks/432231.html阅读全文

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Linux入门教程Q五Qlinuxpȝ用户以及(qing)用户l管?/title><link>http://www.tkk7.com/tiandizhijian/archive/2017/01/01/432230.html</link><dc:creator>做强大的自己</dc:creator><author>做强大的自己</author><pubDate>Sun, 01 Jan 2017 06:42:00 GMT</pubDate><guid>http://www.tkk7.com/tiandizhijian/archive/2017/01/01/432230.html</guid><wfw:comment>http://www.tkk7.com/tiandizhijian/comments/432230.html</wfw:comment><comments>http://www.tkk7.com/tiandizhijian/archive/2017/01/01/432230.html#Feedback</comments><slash:comments>0</slash:comments><wfw:commentRss>http://www.tkk7.com/tiandizhijian/comments/commentRss/432230.html</wfw:commentRss><trackback:ping>http://www.tkk7.com/tiandizhijian/services/trackbacks/432230.html</trackback:ping><description><![CDATA[<p style="font-family: Simsun; font-size: medium; line-height: normal;"><span style="text-align: center; font-family: ?hu)? font-size: 15pt; background-color: #ffffff;"><strong>W七?/strong></span><span style="text-align: center; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 15pt; background-color: #ffffff;"><strong> linux</strong></span><span style="text-align: center; font-family: ?hu)? font-size: 15pt; background-color: #ffffff;"><strong>pȝ用户以及(qing)用户l管?/strong></span><br /><span style="font-family: Calibri; font-size: 10.5pt;"><strong>?/strong></span><span style="font-family: ?hu)? font-size: 10.5pt;"><strong>认识</strong></span><span style="font-family: Calibri; font-size: 10.5pt;"><strong>/etc/passwd</strong></span><span style="font-family: ?hu)? font-size: 10.5pt;"><strong>?/strong></span><span style="font-family: Calibri; font-size: 10.5pt;"><strong>/etc/shadow?/strong></span></p><p style="font-family: Simsun; font-size: medium; line-height: normal; text-indent: 21pt;"><span style="font-family: ?hu)? font-size: 10.5pt;">q两个文件可以说?/span><span style="font-family: Calibri; font-size: 10.5pt;">linux</span><span style="font-family: ?hu)? font-size: 10.5pt;">pȝ中最重要的文件之一</span><span style="font-family: Calibri; font-size: 10.5pt;">?/span><span style="font-family: ?hu)? font-size: 10.5pt;">如果没有q两个文件或者这两个文g出问题,则你是无法正常登?/span><span style="font-family: Calibri; font-size: 10.5pt;">linux</span><span style="font-family: ?hu)? font-size: 10.5pt;">pȝ?/span><span style="font-family: Calibri; font-size: 10.5pt;">?/span></p><p style="font-family: Simsun; font-size: medium; line-height: normal;"><span style="font-family: Calibri; font-size: 10.5pt;"><img src="http://www.92csz.com/study/linux/images/7_1.png" alt="[image]" border="0" /></span></p><p style="font-family: Simsun; font-size: medium; line-height: normal;"><span style="font-family: Calibri; font-size: 10.5pt;">/etc/passwd</span><span style="font-family: ?hu)? font-size: 10.5pt;">?/span><span style="font-family: Calibri; font-size: 10.5pt;">’:’</span><span style="font-family: ?hu)? font-size: 10.5pt;">分割?/span><span style="font-family: Calibri; font-size: 10.5pt;">7</span><span style="font-family: ?hu)? font-size: 10.5pt;">个字D,每个字段的具体含义是Q?/span></p><p style="font-family: Simsun; font-size: medium; line-height: normal;"><span style="font-family: Calibri; font-size: 10.5pt;">1</span><span style="font-family: ?hu)? font-size: 10.5pt;">Q用户名Q如W一行中?/span><span style="font-family: Calibri; font-size: 10.5pt;">root</span><span style="font-family: ?hu)? font-size: 10.5pt;">是用户名)(j)Q代表用戯̎L(fng)字符?/span><span style="font-family: Calibri; font-size: 10.5pt;">?/span><span style="font-family: ?hu)? font-size: 10.5pt;">用户名字W可以是大小写字?/span><span style="font-family: Calibri; font-size: 10.5pt;">?/span><span style="font-family: ?hu)? font-size: 10.5pt;">数字</span><span style="font-family: Calibri; font-size: 10.5pt;">?/span><span style="font-family: ?hu)? font-size: 10.5pt;">减号Q不能出现在首位Q?/span><span style="font-family: Calibri; font-size: 10.5pt;">?/span><span style="font-family: ?hu)? font-size: 10.5pt;">点以?qing)下划线Q其他字W不合法</span><span style="font-family: Calibri; font-size: 10.5pt;">?/span><span style="font-family: ?hu)? font-size: 10.5pt;">虽然用户名中可以出现点,但不使用Q尤其是首位为点Ӟ另外减号也不使用Q因为容易造成h</span><span style="font-family: Calibri; font-size: 10.5pt;">?/span></p><p style="font-family: Simsun; font-size: medium; line-height: normal;"><span style="font-family: Calibri; font-size: 10.5pt;">2</span><span style="font-family: ?hu)? font-size: 10.5pt;">Q存攄是该̎L(fng)口o(h)Qؓ(f)什么是</span><span style="font-family: Calibri; font-size: 10.5pt;">’x’</span><span style="font-family: ?hu)? font-size: 10.5pt;">呢?早期?/span><span style="font-family: Calibri; font-size: 10.5pt;">unix</span><span style="font-family: ?hu)? font-size: 10.5pt;">pȝ口o(h)实是存攑֜q里Q但Z安全因素Q后来就其存放?/span><span style="font-family: Calibri; font-size: 10.5pt;">/etc/shadow</span><span style="font-family: ?hu)? font-size: 10.5pt;">中了(jin)Q在q里只用一?/span><span style="font-family: Calibri; font-size: 10.5pt;">’x’</span><span style="font-family: ?hu)? font-size: 10.5pt;">代替</span><span style="font-family: Calibri; font-size: 10.5pt;">?/span></p><p style="font-family: Simsun; font-size: medium; line-height: normal;"><span style="font-family: Calibri; font-size: 10.5pt;">3</span><span style="font-family: ?hu)? font-size: 10.5pt;">Q这个数字代表用h识号Q也叫做</span><span style="font-family: Calibri; font-size: 10.5pt;">uid?/span><span style="font-family: ?hu)? font-size: 10.5pt;">pȝ识别用户w䆾是通过q个数字来的Q?/span><span style="font-family: Calibri; font-size: 10.5pt;">0</span><span style="font-family: ?hu)? font-size: 10.5pt;">是</span><span style="font-family: Calibri; font-size: 10.5pt;">root</span><span style="font-family: ?hu)? font-size: 10.5pt;">Q也是说你可以修改</span><span style="font-family: Calibri; font-size: 10.5pt;">test</span><span style="font-family: ?hu)? font-size: 10.5pt;">用户?/span><span style="font-family: Calibri; font-size: 10.5pt;">uid</span><span style="font-family: ?hu)? font-size: 10.5pt;">?/span><span style="font-family: Calibri; font-size: 10.5pt;">0</span><span style="font-family: ?hu)? font-size: 10.5pt;">Q那么系l会(x)认ؓ(f)</span><span style="font-family: Calibri; font-size: 10.5pt;">root</span><span style="font-family: ?hu)? font-size: 10.5pt;">?/span><span style="font-family: Calibri; font-size: 10.5pt;">test</span><span style="font-family: ?hu)? font-size: 10.5pt;">为同一个̎?/span><span style="font-family: Calibri; font-size: 10.5pt;">?/span><span style="font-family: ?hu)? font-size: 10.5pt;">通常</span><span style="font-family: Calibri; font-size: 10.5pt;">uid</span><span style="font-family: ?hu)? font-size: 10.5pt;">的取D围是</span><span style="font-family: Calibri; font-size: 10.5pt;">0~65535</span><span style="font-family: ?hu)? font-size: 10.5pt;">Q?/span><span style="font-family: Calibri; font-size: 10.5pt;">0</span><span style="font-family: ?hu)? font-size: 10.5pt;">是超U用P</span><span style="font-family: Calibri; font-size: 10.5pt;">root</span><span style="font-family: ?hu)? font-size: 10.5pt;">Q的标识P</span><span style="font-family: Calibri; font-size: 10.5pt;">1~499</span><span style="font-family: ?hu)? font-size: 10.5pt;">ql保留,作ؓ(f)理账号Q普通用L(fng)标识号从</span><span style="font-family: Calibri; font-size: 10.5pt;">500</span><span style="font-family: ?hu)? font-size: 10.5pt;">开始,如果我们自定义徏立一个普通用P你会(x)看到该̎L(fng)标识h大于或等?/span><span style="font-family: Calibri; font-size: 10.5pt;">500</span><span style="font-family: ?hu)? font-size: 10.5pt;">?/span><span style="font-family: Calibri; font-size: 10.5pt;">?/span></p><p style="font-family: Simsun; font-size: medium; line-height: normal;"><span style="font-family: Calibri; font-size: 10.5pt;">4</span><span style="font-family: ?hu)? font-size: 10.5pt;">Q表C组标识P也叫?/span><span style="font-family: Calibri; font-size: 10.5pt;">gid?/span><span style="font-family: ?hu)? font-size: 10.5pt;">q个字段对应着</span><span style="font-family: Calibri; font-size: 10.5pt;">/etc/group </span><span style="font-family: ?hu)? font-size: 10.5pt;">中的一条记录,其实</span><span style="font-family: Calibri; font-size: 10.5pt;">/etc/group</span><span style="font-family: ?hu)? font-size: 10.5pt;">?/span><span style="font-family: Calibri; font-size: 10.5pt;">/etc/passwd</span><span style="font-family: ?hu)? font-size: 10.5pt;">基本上类?/span><span style="font-family: Calibri; font-size: 10.5pt;">?/span></p><p style="font-family: Simsun; font-size: medium; line-height: normal;"><span style="font-family: Calibri; font-size: 10.5pt;">5</span><span style="font-family: ?hu)? font-size: 10.5pt;">Q注释说明,该字D|有实际意义,通常记录该用L(fng)一些属性,例如姓名</span><span style="font-family: Calibri; font-size: 10.5pt;">?/span><span style="font-family: ?hu)? font-size: 10.5pt;">?sh)?/span><span style="font-family: Calibri; font-size: 10.5pt;">?/span><span style="font-family: ?hu)? font-size: 10.5pt;">地址{等</span><span style="font-family: Calibri; font-size: 10.5pt;">?/span><span style="font-family: ?hu)? font-size: 10.5pt;">不过Q当你?/span><span style="font-family: Calibri; font-size: 10.5pt;">finger</span><span style="font-family: ?hu)? font-size: 10.5pt;">的功能时׃(x)昄q些信息的(E后做介l)(j)</span><span style="font-family: Calibri; font-size: 10.5pt;">?/span></p><p style="font-family: Simsun; font-size: medium; line-height: normal;"><span style="font-family: Calibri; font-size: 10.5pt;">6</span><span style="font-family: ?hu)? font-size: 10.5pt;">Q用L(fng)家目录,当用L(fng)录时处在这个目录下</span><span style="font-family: Calibri; font-size: 10.5pt;">。root</span><span style="font-family: ?hu)? font-size: 10.5pt;">的家目录?/span><span style="font-family: Calibri; font-size: 10.5pt;">/root</span><span style="font-family: ?hu)? font-size: 10.5pt;">Q普通用L(fng)家目录则?/span><span style="font-family: Calibri; font-size: 10.5pt;">/home/username</span><span style="font-family: ?hu)? font-size: 10.5pt;">Q这个字D|可以自定义的Q比如你建立一个普通用?/span><span style="font-family: Calibri; font-size: 10.5pt;">test1</span><span style="font-family: ?hu)? font-size: 10.5pt;">Q要惌</span><span style="font-family: Calibri; font-size: 10.5pt;">test1</span><span style="font-family: ?hu)? font-size: 10.5pt;">的家目录?/span><span style="font-family: Calibri; font-size: 10.5pt;">/data</span><span style="font-family: ?hu)? font-size: 10.5pt;">目录下,只要修改</span><span style="font-family: Calibri; font-size: 10.5pt;">/etc/passwd</span><span style="font-family: ?hu)? font-size: 10.5pt;">文g?/span><span style="font-family: Calibri; font-size: 10.5pt;">test1</span><span style="font-family: ?hu)? font-size: 10.5pt;">那行中的该字Dؓ(f)</span><span style="font-family: Calibri; font-size: 10.5pt;">/data</span><span style="font-family: ?hu)? font-size: 10.5pt;">卛_</span><span style="font-family: Calibri; font-size: 10.5pt;">?/span></p><p style="font-family: Simsun; font-size: medium; line-height: normal;"><span style="font-family: Calibri; font-size: 10.5pt;">7</span><span style="font-family: ?hu)? font-size: 10.5pt;">Q?/span><span style="font-family: Calibri; font-size: 10.5pt;">shell</span><span style="font-family: ?hu)? font-size: 10.5pt;">Q用L(fng)录后要启动一个进E,用来用户下辄指o(h)传给内核Q这是</span><span style="font-family: Calibri; font-size: 10.5pt;">shell。Linux</span><span style="font-family: ?hu)? font-size: 10.5pt;">?/span><span style="font-family: Calibri; font-size: 10.5pt;">shell</span><span style="font-family: ?hu)? font-size: 10.5pt;">有很多种</span><span style="font-family: Calibri; font-size: 10.5pt;">sh, csh, ksh, tcsh, bash</span><span style="font-family: ?hu)? font-size: 10.5pt;">{,?/span><span style="font-family: Calibri; font-size: 10.5pt;">Redhat/CentOS</span><span style="font-family: ?hu)? font-size: 10.5pt;">?/span><span style="font-family: Calibri; font-size: 10.5pt;">shell</span><span style="font-family: ?hu)? font-size: 10.5pt;">是</span><span style="font-family: Calibri; font-size: 10.5pt;">bash?/span><span style="font-family: ?hu)? font-size: 10.5pt;">查看</span><span style="font-family: Calibri; font-size: 10.5pt;">/etc/passwd</span><span style="font-family: ?hu)? font-size: 10.5pt;">文gQ该字段中除?/span><span style="font-family: Calibri; font-size: 10.5pt;">/bin/bash</span><span style="font-family: ?hu)? font-size: 10.5pt;">外还?/span><span style="font-family: Calibri; font-size: 10.5pt;">/sbin/nologin</span><span style="font-family: ?hu)? font-size: 10.5pt;">比较多,它表CZ允许该̎L(fng)?/span><span style="font-family: Calibri; font-size: 10.5pt;">?/span><span style="font-family: ?hu)? font-size: 10.5pt;">如果你想建立一个̎号不让他dQ那么就可以把该字段Ҏ(gu)</span><span style="font-family: Calibri; font-size: 10.5pt;">/sbin/nologin</span><span style="font-family: ?hu)? font-size: 10.5pt;">Q默认是</span><span style="font-family: Calibri; font-size: 10.5pt;">/bin/bash?/span></p><p style="font-family: Simsun; font-size: medium; line-height: normal;"><span style="font-family: Calibri; font-size: 10.5pt;"><img src="http://www.92csz.com/study/linux/images/7_12.png" alt="[image]" border="0" /></span></p><p style="font-family: Simsun; font-size: medium; line-height: normal;"><span style="font-family: ?hu)? font-size: 10.5pt;">再来看看</span><span style="font-family: Calibri; font-size: 10.5pt;">/etc/shadow</span><span style="font-family: ?hu)? font-size: 10.5pt;">q个文gQ和</span><span style="font-family: Calibri; font-size: 10.5pt;">/etc/passwd</span><span style="font-family: ?hu)? font-size: 10.5pt;">cMQ用</span><span style="font-family: Calibri; font-size: 10.5pt;">”:”</span><span style="font-family: ?hu)? font-size: 10.5pt;">分割?/span><span style="font-family: Calibri; font-size: 10.5pt;">9</span><span style="font-family: ?hu)? font-size: 10.5pt;">个字D?/span><span style="font-family: Calibri; font-size: 10.5pt;">?/span></p><p style="font-family: Simsun; font-size: medium; line-height: normal;"><span style="font-family: Calibri; font-size: 10.5pt;">1</span><span style="font-family: ?hu)? font-size: 10.5pt;">Q用户名Q跟</span><span style="font-family: Calibri; font-size: 10.5pt;">/etc/passwd</span><span style="font-family: ?hu)? font-size: 10.5pt;">对应</span><span style="font-family: Calibri; font-size: 10.5pt;">?/span></p><p style="font-family: Simsun; font-size: medium; line-height: normal;"><span style="font-family: Calibri; font-size: 10.5pt;">2</span><span style="font-family: ?hu)? font-size: 10.5pt;">Q用户密码,q个才是该̎L(fng)真正的密码,不过q个密码已经加密q了(jin)Q但是有些黑客还是能够解密的</span><span style="font-family: Calibri; font-size: 10.5pt;">?/span><span style="font-family: ?hu)? font-size: 10.5pt;">所以ؓ(f)?jin)安全,该文件属性设|ؓ(f)</span><span style="font-family: Calibri; font-size: 10.5pt;">600</span><span style="font-family: ?hu)? font-size: 10.5pt;">Q只允许</span><span style="font-family: Calibri; font-size: 10.5pt;">root</span><span style="font-family: ?hu)? font-size: 10.5pt;">d</span><span style="font-family: Calibri; font-size: 10.5pt;">?/span></p><p style="font-family: Simsun; font-size: medium; line-height: normal;"><span style="font-family: Calibri; font-size: 10.5pt;">3</span><span style="font-family: ?hu)? font-size: 10.5pt;">Q上ơ更改密码的日期Q这个数字是q样计算得来的,距离</span><span style="font-family: Calibri; font-size: 10.5pt;">1970</span><span style="font-family: ?hu)? font-size: 10.5pt;">q?/span><span style="font-family: Calibri; font-size: 10.5pt;">1</span><span style="font-family: ?hu)? font-size: 10.5pt;">?/span><span style="font-family: Calibri; font-size: 10.5pt;">1</span><span style="font-family: ?hu)? font-size: 10.5pt;">日到上次更改密码的日期,例如上次更改密码的日期ؓ(f)</span><span style="font-family: Calibri; font-size: 10.5pt;">2012</span><span style="font-family: ?hu)? font-size: 10.5pt;">q?/span><span style="font-family: Calibri; font-size: 10.5pt;">1</span><span style="font-family: ?hu)? font-size: 10.5pt;">?/span><span style="font-family: Calibri; font-size: 10.5pt;">1</span><span style="font-family: ?hu)? font-size: 10.5pt;">日,则这个值就?/span><span style="font-family: Calibri; font-size: 10.5pt;">365*</span><span style="font-family: ?hu)? font-size: 10.5pt;">Q?/span><span style="font-family: Calibri; font-size: 10.5pt;">2012-1970</span><span style="font-family: ?hu)? font-size: 10.5pt;">Q?/span><span style="font-family: Calibri; font-size: 10.5pt;">+1=15331?/span></p><p style="font-family: Simsun; font-size: medium; line-height: normal;"><span style="font-family: Calibri; font-size: 10.5pt;">4</span><span style="font-family: ?hu)? font-size: 10.5pt;">Q要q多天才可以更改密码,默认?/span><span style="font-family: Calibri; font-size: 10.5pt;">0</span><span style="font-family: ?hu)? font-size: 10.5pt;">Q即不限?/span><span style="font-family: Calibri; font-size: 10.5pt;">?/span></p><p style="font-family: Simsun; font-size: medium; line-height: normal;"><span style="font-family: Calibri; font-size: 10.5pt;">5</span><span style="font-family: ?hu)? font-size: 10.5pt;">Q密码多天后到?/span><span style="font-family: Calibri; font-size: 10.5pt;">?/span><span style="font-family: ?hu)? font-size: 10.5pt;">卛_多少天内必须更改密码Q例如这里设|成</span><span style="font-family: Calibri; font-size: 10.5pt;">30</span><span style="font-family: ?hu)? font-size: 10.5pt;">Q则</span><span style="font-family: Calibri; font-size: 10.5pt;">30</span><span style="font-family: ?hu)? font-size: 10.5pt;">天内必须更改一ơ密码,否则不能登录系l,默认?/span><span style="font-family: Calibri; font-size: 10.5pt;">99999</span><span style="font-family: ?hu)? font-size: 10.5pt;">Q可以理解ؓ(f)永远不需要改</span><span style="font-family: Calibri; font-size: 10.5pt;">?/span></p><p style="font-family: Simsun; font-size: medium; line-height: normal;"><span style="font-family: Calibri; font-size: 10.5pt;">6</span><span style="font-family: ?hu)? font-size: 10.5pt;">Q密码到期前的警告期限,若这个D|成</span><span style="font-family: Calibri; font-size: 10.5pt;">7</span><span style="font-family: ?hu)? font-size: 10.5pt;">Q则表示?/span><span style="font-family: Calibri; font-size: 10.5pt;">7</span><span style="font-family: ?hu)? font-size: 10.5pt;">天后密码q期Ӟpȝ发?gu)告告诉用P提醒用户他的密码在</span><span style="font-family: Calibri; font-size: 10.5pt;">7</span><span style="font-family: ?hu)? font-size: 10.5pt;">天后到期</span><span style="font-family: Calibri; font-size: 10.5pt;">?/span></p><p style="font-family: Simsun; font-size: medium; line-height: normal;"><span style="font-family: Calibri; font-size: 10.5pt;">7</span><span style="font-family: ?hu)? font-size: 10.5pt;">Q̎号失效期?/span><span style="font-family: Calibri; font-size: 10.5pt;">?/span><span style="font-family: ?hu)? font-size: 10.5pt;">你可以这L(fng)解,如果讄q个gؓ(f)</span><span style="font-family: Calibri; font-size: 10.5pt;">3</span><span style="font-family: ?hu)? font-size: 10.5pt;">Q则表示Q密码已l到期,然而用户ƈ没有在到期前修改密码Q那么再q?/span><span style="font-family: Calibri; font-size: 10.5pt;">3</span><span style="font-family: ?hu)? font-size: 10.5pt;">天,则这个̎号就失效?jin),即锁定?jin)</span><span style="font-family: Calibri; font-size: 10.5pt;">?/span></p><p style="font-family: Simsun; font-size: medium; line-height: normal;"><span style="font-family: Calibri; font-size: 10.5pt;">8</span><span style="font-family: ?hu)? font-size: 10.5pt;">Q̎L(fng)生命周期Q跟W三D一P是按距离</span><span style="font-family: Calibri; font-size: 10.5pt;">1970</span><span style="font-family: ?hu)? font-size: 10.5pt;">q?/span><span style="font-family: Calibri; font-size: 10.5pt;">1</span><span style="font-family: ?hu)? font-size: 10.5pt;">?/span><span style="font-family: Calibri; font-size: 10.5pt;">1</span><span style="font-family: ?hu)? font-size: 10.5pt;">日多天的</span><span style="font-family: Calibri; font-size: 10.5pt;">?/span><span style="font-family: ?hu)? font-size: 10.5pt;">它表C的含义是,账号在这个日期前可以使用Q到期后账号作废</span><span style="font-family: Calibri; font-size: 10.5pt;">?/span></p><p style="font-family: Simsun; font-size: medium; line-height: normal;"><span style="font-family: Calibri; font-size: 10.5pt;">9</span><span style="font-family: ?hu)? font-size: 10.5pt;">Q作Z留用的,没有什么意?/span><span style="font-family: Calibri; font-size: 10.5pt;">?/span></p><p style="font-family: Simsun; font-size: medium; line-height: normal;"><span style="font-family: Calibri; font-size: 10.5pt;"><strong>?/strong></span><span style="font-family: ?hu)? font-size: 10.5pt;"><strong>新增</strong></span><span style="font-family: Calibri; font-size: 10.5pt;"><strong>/</strong></span><span style="font-family: ?hu)? font-size: 10.5pt;"><strong>删除用户和用L(fng)</strong></span><span style="font-family: Calibri; font-size: 10.5pt;"><strong>?/strong></span></p><p style="font-family: Simsun; font-size: medium; line-height: normal;"><span style="font-family: Calibri; font-size: 10.5pt;">a. </span><span style="font-family: ?hu)? font-size: 10.5pt;">新增一个组</span><span style="font-family: Calibri; font-size: 10.5pt;"> groupadd [-g GID] groupname</span></p><p style="font-family: Simsun; font-size: medium; line-height: normal;"><span style="font-family: Calibri; font-size: 10.5pt;"><img src="http://www.92csz.com/study/linux/images/7_13.png" alt="[image]" border="0" /></span></p><p style="font-family: Simsun; font-size: medium; line-height: normal;"><span style="font-family: ?hu)? font-size: 10.5pt;">不加</span><span style="font-family: Calibri; font-size: 10.5pt;">-g </span><span style="font-family: ?hu)? font-size: 10.5pt;">则按照系l默认的</span><span style="font-family: Calibri; font-size: 10.5pt;">gid</span><span style="font-family: ?hu)? font-size: 10.5pt;">创徏l,跟用户一P</span><span style="font-family: Calibri; font-size: 10.5pt;">gid</span><span style="font-family: ?hu)? font-size: 10.5pt;">也是?/span><span style="font-family: Calibri; font-size: 10.5pt;">500</span><span style="font-family: ?hu)? font-size: 10.5pt;">开始的</span></p><p style="font-family: Simsun; font-size: medium; line-height: normal;"><span style="font-family: Calibri; font-size: 10.5pt;"><img src="http://www.92csz.com/study/linux/images/7_14.png" alt="[image]" border="0" /></span></p><p style="font-family: Simsun; font-size: medium; line-height: normal;"><span style="font-family: Calibri; font-size: 10.5pt;">-g</span><span style="font-family: ?hu)? font-size: 10.5pt;">选项可以自定?/span><span style="font-family: Calibri; font-size: 10.5pt;">gid</span></p><p style="font-family: Simsun; font-size: medium; line-height: normal;"><span style="font-family: Calibri; font-size: 10.5pt;">b. </span><span style="font-family: ?hu)? font-size: 10.5pt;">删除l?/span><span style="font-family: Calibri; font-size: 10.5pt;"> gropudel groupname</span></p><p style="font-family: Simsun; font-size: medium; line-height: normal;"><span style="font-family: Calibri; font-size: 10.5pt;"><img src="http://www.92csz.com/study/linux/images/7_15.png" alt="[image]" border="0" /></span></p><p style="font-family: Simsun; font-size: medium; line-height: normal;"><span style="font-family: ?hu)? font-size: 10.5pt;">没有Ҏ(gu)选项</span><span style="font-family: Calibri; font-size: 10.5pt;">?/span></p><p style="font-family: Simsun; font-size: medium; line-height: normal;"><span style="font-family: Calibri; font-size: 10.5pt;">c. </span><span style="font-family: ?hu)? font-size: 10.5pt;">增加用户</span><span style="font-family: Calibri; font-size: 10.5pt;"> useradd [-u UID] [-g GID] [-d HOME] [-M] [-s]</span></p><p style="font-family: Simsun; font-size: medium; line-height: normal;"><span style="font-family: Calibri; font-size: 10.5pt;">-u </span><span style="font-family: ?hu)? font-size: 10.5pt;">自定?/span><span style="font-family: Calibri; font-size: 10.5pt;">UID</span></p><p style="font-family: Simsun; font-size: medium; line-height: normal;"><span style="font-family: Calibri; font-size: 10.5pt;">-g </span><span style="font-family: ?hu)? font-size: 10.5pt;">使其属于已经存在的某?/span><span style="font-family: Calibri; font-size: 10.5pt;">GID</span></p><p style="font-family: Simsun; font-size: medium; line-height: normal;"><span style="font-family: Calibri; font-size: 10.5pt;">-d </span><span style="font-family: ?hu)? font-size: 10.5pt;">自定义用L(fng)家目?/span></p><p style="font-family: Simsun; font-size: medium; line-height: normal;"><span style="font-family: Calibri; font-size: 10.5pt;">-M </span><span style="font-family: ?hu)? font-size: 10.5pt;">不徏立家目录</span></p><p style="font-family: Simsun; font-size: medium; line-height: normal;"><span style="font-family: Calibri; font-size: 10.5pt;">-s </span><span style="font-family: ?hu)? font-size: 10.5pt;">自定?/span><span style="font-family: Calibri; font-size: 10.5pt;">shell</span></p><p style="font-family: Simsun; font-size: medium; line-height: normal;"><span style="font-family: Calibri; font-size: 10.5pt;"><img src="http://www.92csz.com/study/linux/images/7_16.png" alt="[image]" border="0" /></span></p><p style="font-family: Simsun; font-size: medium; line-height: normal;"><span style="font-family: ?hu)? font-size: 10.5pt;">你会(x)发现Q创?/span><span style="font-family: Calibri; font-size: 10.5pt;">test11</span><span style="font-family: ?hu)? font-size: 10.5pt;">Ӟ加上?/span><span style="font-family: Calibri; font-size: 10.5pt;">-M</span><span style="font-family: ?hu)? font-size: 10.5pt;">选项后,?/span><span style="font-family: Calibri; font-size: 10.5pt;">/etc/passwd</span><span style="font-family: ?hu)? font-size: 10.5pt;">文g?/span><span style="font-family: Calibri; font-size: 10.5pt;">test11</span><span style="font-family: ?hu)? font-size: 10.5pt;">那行的第六字D依然有</span><span style="font-family: Calibri; font-size: 10.5pt;">/home/test11</span><span style="font-family: ?hu)? font-size: 10.5pt;">Q可?/span><span style="font-family: Calibri; font-size: 10.5pt;">ls</span><span style="font-family: ?hu)? font-size: 10.5pt;">查看该目录时Q会(x)提示该目录不存在</span><span style="font-family: Calibri; font-size: 10.5pt;">?/span></p><p style="font-family: Simsun; font-size: medium; line-height: normal;"><span style="font-family: Calibri; font-size: 10.5pt;"><img src="http://www.92csz.com/study/linux/images/7_17.png" alt="[image]" border="0" /></span></p><p style="font-family: Simsun; font-size: medium; line-height: normal;"><span style="font-family: Calibri; font-size: 10.5pt;">-M</span><span style="font-family: ?hu)? font-size: 10.5pt;">选项的作用就是不创徏用户的家目录</span><span style="font-family: Calibri; font-size: 10.5pt;">?/span></p><p style="font-family: Simsun; font-size: medium; line-height: normal;"><span style="font-family: Calibri; font-size: 10.5pt;">-d. </span><span style="font-family: ?hu)? font-size: 10.5pt;">删除用户</span><span style="font-family: Calibri; font-size: 10.5pt;"> userdel [-r] username</span></p><p style="font-family: Simsun; font-size: medium; line-height: normal;"><span style="font-family: Calibri; font-size: 10.5pt;"><img src="http://www.92csz.com/study/linux/images/7_18.png" alt="[image]" border="0" /></span></p><p style="font-family: Simsun; font-size: medium; line-height: normal;"><span style="font-family: Calibri; font-size: 10.5pt;">-r </span><span style="font-family: ?hu)? font-size: 10.5pt;">选项的作用是删除用户Ӟq同用户的家目录一起删?/span><span style="font-family: Calibri; font-size: 10.5pt;">?/span></p><p style="font-family: Simsun; font-size: medium; line-height: normal;"><span style="font-family: Calibri; font-size: 10.5pt;"><strong>【chfn </strong></span><span style="font-family: ?hu)? font-size: 10.5pt;"><strong>更改用户?/strong></span><span style="font-family: Calibri; font-size: 10.5pt;"><strong>finger </strong></span><span style="font-family: ?hu)? font-size: 10.5pt;"><strong>Q不常用Q?/strong></span><span style="font-family: Calibri; font-size: 10.5pt;"><strong>?/strong></span></p><p style="font-family: Simsun; font-size: medium; line-height: normal; text-indent: 21pt;"><span style="font-family: ?hu)? font-size: 10.5pt;">前面内容中提C(jin)</span><span style="font-family: Calibri; font-size: 10.5pt;">findger</span><span style="font-family: ?hu)? font-size: 10.5pt;">Q即?/span><span style="font-family: Calibri; font-size: 10.5pt;">/etc/passwd</span><span style="font-family: ?hu)? font-size: 10.5pt;">文g中的W?/span><span style="font-family: Calibri; font-size: 10.5pt;">5</span><span style="font-family: ?hu)? font-size: 10.5pt;">个字D中所昄的信息,那么如何去设定这个信息呢Q?/span></p><p style="font-family: Simsun; font-size: medium; line-height: normal;"><span style="font-family: Calibri; font-size: 10.5pt;"><img src="http://www.92csz.com/study/linux/images/7_19.png" alt="[image]" border="0" /></span></p><p style="font-family: Simsun; font-size: medium; line-height: normal;"><span style="font-family: ?hu)? font-size: 10.5pt;">是</span><span style="font-family: Calibri; font-size: 10.5pt;">chfn</span><span style="font-family: ?hu)? font-size: 10.5pt;">q个命o(h)?/span><span style="font-family: Calibri; font-size: 10.5pt;">?/span><span style="font-family: ?hu)? font-size: 10.5pt;">修改完后Q就?x)?/span><span style="font-family: Calibri; font-size: 10.5pt;">/etc/passwd</span><span style="font-family: ?hu)? font-size: 10.5pt;">文g中的</span><span style="font-family: Calibri; font-size: 10.5pt;">test</span><span style="font-family: ?hu)? font-size: 10.5pt;">的那一行第五个字段中看到相关信息了(jin)Q默认是I的</span><span style="font-family: Calibri; font-size: 10.5pt;">?/span></p><p style="font-family: Simsun; font-size: medium; line-height: normal;"><span style="font-family: Calibri; font-size: 10.5pt;"><strong>?/strong></span><span style="font-family: ?hu)? font-size: 10.5pt;"><strong>创徏</strong></span><span style="font-family: Calibri; font-size: 10.5pt;"><strong>/</strong></span><span style="font-family: ?hu)? font-size: 10.5pt;"><strong>修改一个用L(fng)密码</strong></span><span style="font-family: Calibri; font-size: 10.5pt;"><strong> “passwd [username]”?/strong></span></p><p style="font-family: Simsun; font-size: medium; line-height: normal; text-indent: 21pt;"><span style="font-family: ?hu)? font-size: 10.5pt;">{创建完账户后,默认是没有设|密码的Q虽然没有密码,但该账户同样d不了(jin)pȝ</span><span style="font-family: Calibri; font-size: 10.5pt;">?/span><span style="font-family: ?hu)? font-size: 10.5pt;">只有讄好密码后方可dpȝ</span><span style="font-family: Calibri; font-size: 10.5pt;">?/span></p><p style="font-family: Simsun; font-size: medium; line-height: normal; text-indent: 21pt;"><span style="font-family: ?hu)? font-size: 10.5pt;">为用户创建密码时Qؓ(f)?jin)安全v见,请尽量设|复杂一?/span><span style="font-family: Calibri; font-size: 10.5pt;">?/span><span style="font-family: ?hu)? font-size: 10.5pt;">你可以按照这L(fng)规则来设|密码:(x)</span><span style="font-family: Calibri; font-size: 10.5pt;">a. </span><span style="font-family: ?hu)? font-size: 10.5pt;">长度大于</span><span style="font-family: Calibri; font-size: 10.5pt;">10</span><span style="font-family: ?hu)? font-size: 10.5pt;">个字W;</span><span style="font-family: Calibri; font-size: 10.5pt;">b. </span><span style="font-family: ?hu)? font-size: 10.5pt;">密码中包含大写字母数字以及(qing)Ҏ(gu)字符Q?/span><span style="font-family: Calibri; font-size: 10.5pt;">*&</span><span style="font-family: ?hu)? font-size: 10.5pt;">{)(j)Q?/span><span style="font-family: Calibri; font-size: 10.5pt;">c. </span><span style="font-family: ?hu)? font-size: 10.5pt;">不规则性(不要出现</span><span style="font-family: Calibri; font-size: 10.5pt;">root, happy, love, linux, 123456, 111111</span><span style="font-family: ?hu)? font-size: 10.5pt;">{等单词或者数字)(j)Q?/span><span style="font-family: Calibri; font-size: 10.5pt;">d. </span><span style="font-family: ?hu)? font-size: 10.5pt;">不要带有自己名字</span><span style="font-family: Calibri; font-size: 10.5pt;">?/span><span style="font-family: ?hu)? font-size: 10.5pt;">公司名字</span><span style="font-family: Calibri; font-size: 10.5pt;">?/span><span style="font-family: ?hu)? font-size: 10.5pt;">自己?sh)?/span><span style="font-family: Calibri; font-size: 10.5pt;">?/span><span style="font-family: ?hu)? font-size: 10.5pt;">自己生日{?/span><span style="font-family: Calibri; font-size: 10.5pt;">?/span></p><p style="font-family: Simsun; font-size: medium; line-height: normal;"><span style="font-family: Calibri; font-size: 10.5pt;"><img src="http://www.92csz.com/study/linux/images/7_20.png" alt="[image]" border="0" /></span></p><p style="font-family: Simsun; font-size: medium; line-height: normal;"><span style="font-family: Calibri; font-size: 10.5pt;">passwd </span><span style="font-family: ?hu)? font-size: 10.5pt;">后面不跟用户名则是更改当前用L(fng)密码Q当前用户ؓ(f)</span><span style="font-family: Calibri; font-size: 10.5pt;">root</span><span style="font-family: ?hu)? font-size: 10.5pt;">Q所以此时修改的?/span><span style="font-family: Calibri; font-size: 10.5pt;">root</span><span style="font-family: ?hu)? font-size: 10.5pt;">的密码,后面?/span><span style="font-family: Calibri; font-size: 10.5pt;">test</span><span style="font-family: ?hu)? font-size: 10.5pt;">则修改的?/span><span style="font-family: Calibri; font-size: 10.5pt;">test</span><span style="font-family: ?hu)? font-size: 10.5pt;">的密?/span><span style="font-family: Calibri; font-size: 10.5pt;">?/span></p><p style="font-family: Simsun; font-size: medium; line-height: normal;"><span style="font-family: Calibri; font-size: 10.5pt;"><strong>?/strong></span><span style="font-family: ?hu)? font-size: 10.5pt;"><strong>用户w䆾切换</strong></span><span style="font-family: Calibri; font-size: 10.5pt;"><strong>?/strong></span></p><p style="font-family: Simsun; font-size: medium; line-height: normal; text-indent: 21pt;"><span style="font-family: Calibri; font-size: 10.5pt;">Linux</span><span style="font-family: ?hu)? font-size: 10.5pt;">pȝ中,有时候普通用h些事情是不能做的Q除非是</span><span style="font-family: Calibri; font-size: 10.5pt;">root</span><span style="font-family: ?hu)? font-size: 10.5pt;">用户才能做到</span><span style="font-family: Calibri; font-size: 10.5pt;">?/span><span style="font-family: ?hu)? font-size: 10.5pt;">q时需要(f)时切换到</span><span style="font-family: Calibri; font-size: 10.5pt;">root</span><span style="font-family: ?hu)? font-size: 10.5pt;">w䆾来做事了(jin)</span><span style="font-family: Calibri; font-size: 10.5pt;">?/span></p><p style="font-family: Simsun; font-size: medium; line-height: normal;"><span style="font-family: Calibri; font-size: 10.5pt;"><img src="http://www.92csz.com/study/linux/images/7_21.png" alt="[image]" border="0" /></span></p><p style="font-family: Simsun; font-size: medium; line-height: normal;"><span style="font-family: ?hu)? font-size: 10.5pt;">?/span><span style="font-family: Calibri; font-size: 10.5pt;">test</span><span style="font-family: ?hu)? font-size: 10.5pt;">账号d</span><span style="font-family: Calibri; font-size: 10.5pt;">linux</span><span style="font-family: ?hu)? font-size: 10.5pt;">pȝQ然后?/span><span style="font-family: Calibri; font-size: 10.5pt;">su - </span><span style="font-family: ?hu)? font-size: 10.5pt;">可以切换成</span><span style="font-family: Calibri; font-size: 10.5pt;">root</span><span style="font-family: ?hu)? font-size: 10.5pt;">w䆾Q前提是知道</span><span style="font-family: Calibri; font-size: 10.5pt;">root</span><span style="font-family: ?hu)? font-size: 10.5pt;">的密?/span><span style="font-family: Calibri; font-size: 10.5pt;">?/span></p><p style="font-family: Simsun; font-size: medium; line-height: normal;"><span style="font-family: Calibri; font-size: 10.5pt;"><img src="http://www.92csz.com/study/linux/images/7_29.png" alt="[image]" border="0" /></span></p><p style="font-family: Simsun; font-size: medium; line-height: normal;"><span style="font-family: ?hu)? font-size: 10.5pt;">你可以?/span><span style="font-family: Calibri; font-size: 10.5pt;">echo $LOGNAME</span><span style="font-family: ?hu)? font-size: 10.5pt;">来查看当前登录的用户?/span></p><p style="font-family: Simsun; font-size: medium; line-height: normal;"><span style="font-family: Calibri; font-size: 10.5pt;"><img src="http://www.92csz.com/study/linux/images/7_30.png" alt="[image]" border="0" /></span></p><p style="font-family: Simsun; font-size: medium; line-height: normal;"><span style="font-family: Calibri; font-size: 10.5pt;">su </span><span style="font-family: ?hu)? font-size: 10.5pt;">的语法ؓ(f)Q?/span><span style="font-family: Calibri; font-size: 10.5pt;"> su [-] username</span></p><p style="font-family: Simsun; font-size: medium; line-height: normal;"><span style="font-family: ?hu)? font-size: 10.5pt;">后面可以?/span><span style="font-family: Calibri; font-size: 10.5pt;">”-”</span><span style="font-family: ?hu)? font-size: 10.5pt;">也可以不跟,普通用?/span><span style="font-family: Calibri; font-size: 10.5pt;">su</span><span style="font-family: ?hu)? font-size: 10.5pt;">不加</span><span style="font-family: Calibri; font-size: 10.5pt;">username</span><span style="font-family: ?hu)? font-size: 10.5pt;">时就是切换到</span><span style="font-family: Calibri; font-size: 10.5pt;">root</span><span style="font-family: ?hu)? font-size: 10.5pt;">用户Q当?/span><span style="font-family: Calibri; font-size: 10.5pt;">root</span><span style="font-family: ?hu)? font-size: 10.5pt;">用户同样可以</span><span style="font-family: Calibri; font-size: 10.5pt;">su</span><span style="font-family: ?hu)? font-size: 10.5pt;">到普通用?/span><span style="font-family: Calibri; font-size: 10.5pt;">?/span></p><p style="font-family: Simsun; font-size: medium; line-height: normal;"><span style="font-family: Calibri; font-size: 10.5pt;"><img src="http://www.92csz.com/study/linux/images/7_31.png" alt="[image]" border="0" /></span></p><p style="font-family: Simsun; font-size: medium; line-height: normal;"><span style="font-family: ?hu)? font-size: 10.5pt;">?/span><span style="font-family: Calibri; font-size: 10.5pt;">”-“</span><span style="font-family: ?hu)? font-size: 10.5pt;">后会(x)q同用户的环境变量一起切换过?/span><span style="font-family: Calibri; font-size: 10.5pt;">。su test </span><span style="font-family: ?hu)? font-size: 10.5pt;">后虽然切换到?/span><span style="font-family: Calibri; font-size: 10.5pt;">test</span><span style="font-family: ?hu)? font-size: 10.5pt;">用户Q但是当前目录还是切换前?/span><span style="font-family: Calibri; font-size: 10.5pt;">/root</span><span style="font-family: ?hu)? font-size: 10.5pt;">目录Q然后当?/span><span style="font-family: Calibri; font-size: 10.5pt;">su - test</span><span style="font-family: ?hu)? font-size: 10.5pt;">时切换用户后则到?/span><span style="font-family: Calibri; font-size: 10.5pt;">test</span><span style="font-family: ?hu)? font-size: 10.5pt;">的家目录</span><span style="font-family: Calibri; font-size: 10.5pt;">/home/test?/span><span style="font-family: ?hu)? font-size: 10.5pt;">当用</span><span style="font-family: Calibri; font-size: 10.5pt;">root</span><span style="font-family: ?hu)? font-size: 10.5pt;">切换普通用hQ是不需要输入密码的</span><span style="font-family: Calibri; font-size: 10.5pt;">?/span><span style="font-family: ?hu)? font-size: 10.5pt;">q也体现?/span><span style="font-family: Calibri; font-size: 10.5pt;">root</span><span style="font-family: ?hu)? font-size: 10.5pt;">用户至高无上的权?/span><span style="font-family: Calibri; font-size: 10.5pt;">?/span></p><p style="font-family: Simsun; font-size: medium; line-height: normal;"><span style="font-family: ?hu)? font-size: 10.5pt;">?/span><span style="font-family: Calibri; font-size: 10.5pt;">su</span><span style="font-family: ?hu)? font-size: 10.5pt;">是可以切换用戯n份,如果每个普通用户都能切换到</span><span style="font-family: Calibri; font-size: 10.5pt;">root</span><span style="font-family: ?hu)? font-size: 10.5pt;">w䆾Q如果某个用户不心(j)泄漏?/span><span style="font-family: Calibri; font-size: 10.5pt;">root</span><span style="font-family: ?hu)? font-size: 10.5pt;">的密码,那岂不是pȝ非常的不安全Q没有错Qؓ(f)?jin)改q这个问题,产生?/span><span style="font-family: Calibri; font-size: 10.5pt;">sudo</span><span style="font-family: ?hu)? font-size: 10.5pt;">q个命o(h)</span><span style="font-family: Calibri; font-size: 10.5pt;">?/span><span style="font-family: ?hu)? font-size: 10.5pt;">使用</span><span style="font-family: Calibri; font-size: 10.5pt;">sudo</span><span style="font-family: ?hu)? font-size: 10.5pt;">执行一?/span><span style="font-family: Calibri; font-size: 10.5pt;">root</span><span style="font-family: ?hu)? font-size: 10.5pt;">才能执行的命令是可以办到的,但是需要输入密码,q个密码q不?/span><span style="font-family: Calibri; font-size: 10.5pt;">root</span><span style="font-family: ?hu)? font-size: 10.5pt;">的密码而是用户自己的密?/span><span style="font-family: Calibri; font-size: 10.5pt;">?/span><span style="font-family: ?hu)? font-size: 10.5pt;">默认只有</span><span style="font-family: Calibri; font-size: 10.5pt;">root</span><span style="font-family: ?hu)? font-size: 10.5pt;">用户能?/span><span style="font-family: Calibri; font-size: 10.5pt;">sudo</span><span style="font-family: ?hu)? font-size: 10.5pt;">命o(h)Q普通用h要?/span><span style="font-family: Calibri; font-size: 10.5pt;">sudo</span><span style="font-family: ?hu)? font-size: 10.5pt;">Q是需?/span><span style="font-family: Calibri; font-size: 10.5pt;">root</span><span style="font-family: ?hu)? font-size: 10.5pt;">预先讑֮的,卻I使用</span><span style="font-family: Calibri; font-size: 10.5pt;">visudo</span><span style="font-family: ?hu)? font-size: 10.5pt;">命o(h)ȝ辑相关的配置文g</span><span style="font-family: Calibri; font-size: 10.5pt;">/etc/sudoers?/span><span style="font-family: ?hu)? font-size: 10.5pt;">如果没有</span><span style="font-family: Calibri; font-size: 10.5pt;">visudo</span><span style="font-family: ?hu)? font-size: 10.5pt;">q个命o(h)Q请使用</span><span style="font-family: Calibri; font-size: 10.5pt;">” yum install -y sudo”</span><span style="font-family: ?hu)? font-size: 10.5pt;">安装</span><span style="font-family: Calibri; font-size: 10.5pt;">?/span></p><p style="font-family: Simsun; font-size: medium; line-height: normal;"><span style="font-family: Calibri; font-size: 10.5pt;"><img src="http://www.92csz.com/study/linux/images/7_32.png" alt="[image]" border="0" /></span></p><p style="font-family: Simsun; font-size: medium; line-height: normal;"><span style="font-family: ?hu)? font-size: 10.5pt;">默认</span><span style="font-family: Calibri; font-size: 10.5pt;">root</span><span style="font-family: ?hu)? font-size: 10.5pt;">能够</span><span style="font-family: Calibri; font-size: 10.5pt;">sudo</span><span style="font-family: ?hu)? font-size: 10.5pt;">是因个文件中有一?/span><span style="font-family: Calibri; font-size: 10.5pt;">” root ALL=(ALL) ALL” </span><span style="font-family: ?hu)? font-size: 10.5pt;">在该行下面加?/span><span style="font-family: Calibri; font-size: 10.5pt;">” test ALL=(ALL) ALL”</span><span style="font-family: ?hu)? font-size: 10.5pt;">可以让</span><span style="font-family: Calibri; font-size: 10.5pt;">test</span><span style="font-family: ?hu)? font-size: 10.5pt;">用户拥有?/span><span style="font-family: Calibri; font-size: 10.5pt;">sudo</span><span style="font-family: ?hu)? font-size: 10.5pt;">的权?/span><span style="font-family: Calibri; font-size: 10.5pt;">?/span><span style="font-family: ?hu)? font-size: 10.5pt;">如果每增加一用户p|一行,q样太麻?ch)?jin)</span><span style="font-family: Calibri; font-size: 10.5pt;">?/span><span style="font-family: ?hu)? font-size: 10.5pt;">所以你可以q样讄</span><span style="font-family: Calibri; font-size: 10.5pt;">?/span></p><p style="font-family: Simsun; font-size: medium; line-height: normal;"><span style="font-family: Calibri; font-size: 10.5pt;"><img src="http://www.92csz.com/study/linux/images/7_33.png" alt="[image]" border="0" /></span></p><p style="font-family: Simsun; font-size: medium; line-height: normal;"><span style="font-family: ?hu)? font-size: 10.5pt;">把这一行前面的</span><span style="font-family: Calibri; font-size: 10.5pt;">”#”</span><span style="font-family: ?hu)? font-size: 10.5pt;">LQ让q一行生?/span><span style="font-family: Calibri; font-size: 10.5pt;">?/span><span style="font-family: ?hu)? font-size: 10.5pt;">它的意思是Q?/span><span style="font-family: Calibri; font-size: 10.5pt;">wheel</span><span style="font-family: ?hu)? font-size: 10.5pt;">q个l的所有用户都拥有?/span><span style="font-family: Calibri; font-size: 10.5pt;">sudo</span><span style="font-family: ?hu)? font-size: 10.5pt;">的权?/span><span style="font-family: Calibri; font-size: 10.5pt;">?/span><span style="font-family: ?hu)? font-size: 10.5pt;">接下来就需要你把想让有</span><span style="font-family: Calibri; font-size: 10.5pt;">sudo</span><span style="font-family: ?hu)? font-size: 10.5pt;">权利的所有用户加入到</span><span style="font-family: Calibri; font-size: 10.5pt;">wheel</span><span style="font-family: ?hu)? font-size: 10.5pt;">q个l中卛_</span><span style="font-family: Calibri; font-size: 10.5pt;">?/span></p><p style="font-family: Simsun; font-size: medium; line-height: normal;"><span style="font-family: Calibri; font-size: 10.5pt;"><img src="http://www.92csz.com/study/linux/images/7_34.png" alt="[image]" border="0" /></span></p><p style="font-family: Simsun; font-size: medium; line-height: normal;"><span style="font-family: ?hu)? font-size: 10.5pt;">你不妨跟W者试一下,非常有意?/span><span style="font-family: Calibri; font-size: 10.5pt;">?/span></p><img src ="http://www.tkk7.com/tiandizhijian/aggbug/432230.html" width = "1" height = "1" /><br><br><div align=right><a style="text-decoration:none;" href="http://www.tkk7.com/tiandizhijian/" target="_blank">做强大的自己</a> 2017-01-01 14:42 <a href="http://www.tkk7.com/tiandizhijian/archive/2017/01/01/432230.html#Feedback" target="_blank" style="text-decoration:none;">发表评论</a></div>]]></description></item><item><title>Linux入门教程Q四Q文件与目录理http://www.tkk7.com/tiandizhijian/archive/2017/01/01/432229.html做强大的自己做强大的自己Sun, 01 Jan 2017 06:40:00 GMThttp://www.tkk7.com/tiandizhijian/archive/2017/01/01/432229.htmlhttp://www.tkk7.com/tiandizhijian/comments/432229.htmlhttp://www.tkk7.com/tiandizhijian/archive/2017/01/01/432229.html#Feedback0http://www.tkk7.com/tiandizhijian/comments/commentRss/432229.htmlhttp://www.tkk7.com/tiandizhijian/services/trackbacks/432229.html阅读全文

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Docker 在windows上安装运?/title><link>http://www.tkk7.com/tiandizhijian/archive/2016/12/28/432209.html</link><dc:creator>做强大的自己</dc:creator><author>做强大的自己</author><pubDate>Wed, 28 Dec 2016 13:52:00 GMT</pubDate><guid>http://www.tkk7.com/tiandizhijian/archive/2016/12/28/432209.html</guid><wfw:comment>http://www.tkk7.com/tiandizhijian/comments/432209.html</wfw:comment><comments>http://www.tkk7.com/tiandizhijian/archive/2016/12/28/432209.html#Feedback</comments><slash:comments>0</slash:comments><wfw:commentRss>http://www.tkk7.com/tiandizhijian/comments/commentRss/432209.html</wfw:commentRss><trackback:ping>http://www.tkk7.com/tiandizhijian/services/trackbacks/432209.html</trackback:ping><description><![CDATA[<span style="background-color: #ffffff;">Windows用户使用Docker ToolBox来安装Docker软g?br /></span><span style="background-color: #ffffff;">Windows上运行DockerQ必L64位的win7或者更高的64位版?br /></span><br /><span style="background-color: #ffffff;">Docker ToolBox安装</span><br /><span style="background-color: #ffffff;">需要安装如下部分:(x)</span><br /><span style="background-color: #ffffff;">Docker Client for Windows</span><br /><span style="background-color: #ffffff;">Docker Toolbox management tool and ISO</span><br /><span style="background-color: #ffffff;">Oracle VM VirtualBox</span><br /><span style="background-color: #ffffff;">Git MSYS-git UNIX tools<br /></span><br /><span style="background-color: #ffffff;">安装完成后会(x)生成三个快捷方式Q分别ؓ(f)Q?/span><br /><span style="background-color: #ffffff;">(1) Docker Quickstart Terminal: 提供Docker的命令行操作</span><br /><span style="background-color: #ffffff;">(2) Oracle VM VirtualBox: 打开可以看到有一个虚拟机Q里面安装了(jin)Core Linux机器Q名字ؓ(f)default?/span><br /><span style="background-color: #ffffff;">(3) Kitematic (Alpha)Q图形化的docker工具<br /></span><br /><span style="background-color: #ffffff;">启动TerminalH口工具之后Q我q行hello world报错?/span><br /><span style="background-color: #ffffff;">$ docker run hello-world</span><br /><span style="background-color: #ffffff;">docker: An error occurred trying to connect: Post http://127.0.0.1:2375/v1.22/co</span><br /><span style="background-color: #ffffff;">ntainers/create: dial tcp 127.0.0.1:2375: connectex: No connection could be made</span><br /><span style="background-color: #ffffff;">because the target machine actively refused it..</span><br /><span style="background-color: #ffffff;">See 'C:\Program Files\Docker Toolbox\docker.exe run --help'.</span><br /><span style="background-color: #ffffff;">上面问题的解军_法:(x)<br />l过多方查资料,可能的原因是本机安装的其他虚拟网l,如VMWare, VPN{可能造成|络冲突D?br />因此我打重定义|络Q在重徏之前Q我打开"Oracle VM VirtualBox"Q删除了(jin)默认的default虚拟机和两个Host-only|络?br />本来打算执行一个命令来自定义创建的的,l果当我启动"Docker Quickstart Terminal"Ӟpȝ自动重徏?jin)虚拟机和网l,然后q入l果O(jin)K?jin)?br />因此Q解军_法就是删除默认的虚拟机和|络Q让pȝ帮你重徏一ơ?br /></span><br /><span style="background-color: #ffffff;">default虚拟?/span><br /><span style="background-color: #ffffff;">可以直接?Oracle VM VirtualBox"界面q入default虚拟机,不需要输入密码即可进入root环境Q输入ifconfig命o(h)可以看到default有三个网D늚IP地址Q分别ؓ(f)Q?/span><br /><span style="background-color: #ffffff;">docker0: 172.17.0.1Q这个是docker的网桥?/span><br /><span style="background-color: #ffffff;">eth0:10.0.2.15Q这个网D在Ubuntu环境中是没有的,暂不知道Z么会(x)多这一个?/span><br /><span style="background-color: #ffffff;">eth1:192.168.99.100Q这个数宿主机的IP地址?br /></span><br /><span style="background-color: #ffffff;">windows环境部分docker命o(h)</span><br /><span style="background-color: #ffffff;">$ docker-machine env</span><br /><span style="background-color: #ffffff;">export DOCKER_TLS_VERIFY="1"</span><br /><span style="background-color: #ffffff;">export DOCKER_HOST="tcp://192.168.99.100:2376"</span><br /><span style="background-color: #ffffff;">export DOCKER_CERT_PATH="C:\Users\dhu\.docker\machine\machines\default"</span><br /><span style="background-color: #ffffff;">export DOCKER_MACHINE_NAME="default"</span><br /><span style="background-color: #ffffff;">$ docker info</span><br /><span style="background-color: #ffffff;">Containers: 2</span><br /><span style="background-color: #ffffff;">Running: 0</span><br /><span style="background-color: #ffffff;">Paused: 0</span><br /><span style="background-color: #ffffff;">Stopped: 2</span><br /><span style="background-color: #ffffff;">Images: 1</span><br /><span style="background-color: #ffffff;">Server Version: 1.10.3</span><br /><span style="background-color: #ffffff;">Storage Driver: aufs</span><br /><span style="background-color: #ffffff;">Root Dir: /mnt/sda1/var/lib/docker/aufs</span><br /><span style="background-color: #ffffff;">Backing Filesystem: extfs</span><br /><span style="background-color: #ffffff;">Dirs: 6</span><br /><span style="background-color: #ffffff;">Dirperm1 Supported: true</span><br /><span style="background-color: #ffffff;">Execution Driver: native-0.2</span><br /><span style="background-color: #ffffff;">Logging Driver: json-file</span><br /><span style="background-color: #ffffff;">Plugins:</span><br /><span style="background-color: #ffffff;">Volume: local</span><br /><span style="background-color: #ffffff;">Network: bridge null host</span><br /><span style="background-color: #ffffff;">Kernel Version: 4.1.19-boot2docker</span><br /><span style="background-color: #ffffff;">Operating System: Boot2Docker 1.10.3 (TCL 6.4.1); master : 625117e - Thu Mar 10</span><br /><span style="background-color: #ffffff;">22:09:02 UTC 2016</span><br /><span style="background-color: #ffffff;">OSType: linux</span><br /><span style="background-color: #ffffff;">Architecture: x86_64</span><br /><span style="background-color: #ffffff;">CPUs: 1</span><br /><span style="background-color: #ffffff;">Total Memory: 996.1 MiB</span><br /><span style="background-color: #ffffff;">Name: default</span><br /><span style="background-color: #ffffff;">ID: PKEB:7MPC:BCKW:4RCR:JLMF:OMOO:ZY5T:O2W2:3LLX:OXDM:DD56:I4B7</span><br /><span style="background-color: #ffffff;">Debug mode (server): true</span><br /><span style="background-color: #ffffff;">File Descriptors: 10</span><br /><span style="background-color: #ffffff;">Goroutines: 22</span><br /><span style="background-color: #ffffff;">System Time: 2016-04-09T15:39:25.323452975Z</span><br /><span style="background-color: #ffffff;">EventsListeners: 0</span><br /><span style="background-color: #ffffff;">Init SHA1:</span><br /><span style="background-color: #ffffff;">Init Path: /usr/local/bin/docker</span><br /><span style="background-color: #ffffff;">Docker Root Dir: /mnt/sda1/var/lib/docker</span><br /><span style="background-color: #ffffff;">Labels:</span><br /><span style="background-color: #ffffff;">provider=virtualbox</span><br /><span style="background-color: #ffffff;">docker-machine rm default 删除一个虚拟机<br /></span><br /><span style="background-color: #ffffff;">打开"Oracle VM VirtualBox"Q进入File-&gt;Preferences-&gt;Network-&gt;Host-only NetworksQ删除两个默认的|络?/span><br /><span style="background-color: #ffffff;">docker-machine create --driver virtualbox --virtualbox-hostonly-cidr "25.0.1.100/24" dev<br /></span><br /><span style="background-color: #ffffff;">ȝ一下:(x)Docker在windows上运行其本质是运行在Windows上的虚拟机里面的Linux上,实质上还是运行在LinuxQ因为Docker是徏立在Linux内核基础上的QW(xu)indows无法适应?br /></span><br /><span style="background-color: #ffffff;">参考资料:(x)</span><br /><span style="background-color: #ffffff;">[1] https://docs.docker.com/windows/</span><br /><span style="background-color: #ffffff;">[2] http://docs.docker.com/windows/started/</span><img src ="http://www.tkk7.com/tiandizhijian/aggbug/432209.html" width = "1" height = "1" /><br><br><div align=right><a style="text-decoration:none;" href="http://www.tkk7.com/tiandizhijian/" target="_blank">做强大的自己</a> 2016-12-28 21:52 <a href="http://www.tkk7.com/tiandizhijian/archive/2016/12/28/432209.html#Feedback" target="_blank" style="text-decoration:none;">发表评论</a></div>]]></description></item><item><title>Thinkpad T410 安装 Ubuntu10.04 http://www.tkk7.com/tiandizhijian/archive/2016/12/27/432199.html做强大的自己做强大的自己Tue, 27 Dec 2016 13:51:00 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Thinkpad T410 安装 Ubuntu10.04 (2011-03-06 14:43:06)转蝲▼
标签Q?linux ubuntu 10.04 thinkpadt410 杂谈 分类Q?Linux
Thinkpad T410 下安?Ubuntu10.04 

Ud盘?sh)安装Ubuntu备忘

========================================
1. pȝ安装
========================================

    下蝲安装镜像一步步装即可,没有太多复杂的,安装完后pȝ后:(x)

******************************
1.1 更改?
******************************
    ~辑/etc/apt/sources.list 文gQ网上有好多源,比如163,骨头源等Q注意先把官斚w认的源备份一?
    sudo cp /etc/apt/sources.list /etc/apt/sources.list.backup
    以便日后要用。网l不受限制的话默认的源速度可以了(jin)?

******************************
1.2 更新语文支持
******************************
    更新语文支持Q把oOo什么的汉化

******************************
1.3 更新pȝ
******************************
    用更新管理器更新pȝ内核Q模块,软g{?

========================================
2. 安装必要驱动
========================================

    ubuntu10.04 ?ThinkpadT410 大部分硬件支持良好,但无U网l能发现却不能用

******************************
2.1 无线|卡驱动安装
******************************
    参考网址Qhttp://www.realtek.com.tw/downloads/
    T410无线|卡型号Q?
    * Chipset: Realtek RTL8192SE
    * IEEE Standards: 802.11b, 802.11g, 802.11n
    * 1x2 MIMO
    * PCI ID: 10ec:8172 
    到realtek 官网下蝲RTL8192SE对应的linux驱动,之后安装重启可以了(jin)。安装过E见安装包中的readme.txtQ很单?

******************************
2.2 安装甉|软g和硬盘(sh)?
******************************
    参考文献:(x)http://www.thinkwiki.org/wiki/Tp_smapi
    到thinkwiki上下载安装tp_smapiQ安装过E可参考网说明,可从源码安装Q对ubuntu10.04,也可用apt-get install安装?
    
    源码安装方式Q?
    # tar xzvf tp_smapi-0.40.tgz
    # cd tp_smapi-0.40
    # make install
    如果你用HDAPS驱动QHDAPS - IBM Active Protection System Linux DriverQ,因ؓ(f)tp_smapi已经patch?jin)与其相容的模块Q所以安装方式改为:(x)
    # make install HDAPS=1
    按官方的说明下述安装不是必须的,hdaps已集成在tp_smapi中,但装一下也无妨
    sudo apt-get install hdaps-utils hdapsd
    
    查看模块是否q行Q?
    lsmod | grep hdaps
    
    对于ubuntu10.04,可按如下安装Q?
    # aptitude install tp-smapi-dkms
    # modprobe tp_smapi
    
    讄充电(sh)阈|(x)
    # echo 40 > /sys/devices/platform/smapi/BAT0/start_charge_thresh
    # echo 70 > /sys/devices/platform/smapi/BAT0/stop_charge_thresh
    # cat /sys/devices/platform/smapi/BAT0/*_charge_thresh
    注意Q运行以上命令时即用sudoQ也可能提示权限不够Q可先执? sudo -i
    
    其它讄Q?
    17 分钟后禁止充?sh)(不论充?sh)阈gؓ(f)多少Q:(x)
    # echo 17 > /sys/devices/platform/smapi/BAT0/inhibit_charge_minutes
    取消充电(sh)保护Q?
    # echo 0 > /sys/devices/platform/smapi/BAT0/inhibit_charge_minutes
    强制停止充电(sh)Q即使连接了(jin)ACQ:(x)
    # echo 1 > /sys/devices/platform/smapi/BAT0/force_discharge
    取消强制停止充电(sh)Q?
    # echo 0 > /sys/devices/platform/smapi/BAT0/force_discharge
    
    开机时自动加蝲官方Ҏ(gu)Q?
    it is not necessary to create your own init.d script or modify /etc/rc.local - you just need the package sysfsutils:
    # apt-get install sysfsutils
    # sudo gedit /etc/sysfs.conf
    修改文g /etc/sysfs.conf 卛_:
    # cat >> /etc/sysfs.conf << EOF
    # For a LiIon battery in a Thinkpad
    devices/platform/smapi/BAT0/start_charge_thresh = 50
    devices/platform/smapi/BAT0/stop_charge_thresh = 80
    EOF
    
    开机时自动加蝲其它Ҏ(gu)Q?
    增加开机启动模?
    sudo gedit /etc/modules
    d以下内容Q?
    thinkpad_ec
    tp_smapi
    hdaps
    另外~辑文gQ?
    sudo gedit /etc/rc.local
    加入Q?
    # Make battery live longer
    echo 50 > /sys/devices/platform/smapi/BAT0/start_charge_thresh
    echo 80 > /sys/devices/platform/smapi/BAT0/stop_charge_thresh
    上面Ҏ(gu)未经试验Q还是用官方Ҏ(gu)?
    
    问题Q重启后在platform下没有发现smpi文g夹,在源码包里执行make load HDAPS=1后方出现Q是否需在启动模块中加蝲Q已解决Q见上?
    
******************************
2.3 昑֍驱动
******************************

    注意Q不要更新显卡驱动,用开源驱动即可,更新后可能会(x)出现一pd的问题,如开机画面LOGO分L率,亮度调节{,q且感觉看字的时候分辨率不对?jin),|上的解x(chng)案不是很完美Q有好几ơ按|上的更改后直接黑屏q不ȝl了(jin)Q默认驱动除?jin)不能开启特效外也没什么不好的Q再说特效这东西是给别看的,不用无所谓。官方还没有 NVS 3100M 相对应的昑֍E序Q所以还是等{吧?

l后来测试可以装Q但得做一些设|,查看博文Q?http://blog.sina.com.cn/s/blog_5038ce7a0100r8lf.html

2.3.1 调节屏幕亮度Ҏ(gu)Q?

AQ?快捷的方法,临时?
    a. 按Ctrl+Alt+F1q入命o(h)?
    b. 用快捷键调节亮度
    c. 按Ctrl+Alt+F7回到GUI

BQnvclock
    sudo apt-get install nvclock
    nvclock -S -10

CQ?etc/X11/xorg.conf
    dOption "RegistryDwords" "EnableBrightnessControl=1"

2.3.2 开x(chng)分L率:(x)

A. 认grub和plymouth的系l配|文件是原始状态,没有应用q其它的修改Ҏ(gu)?
    
B. 安装v86d和hwinfo?
    sudo apt-get install v86d hwinfo
    
C. 查看自己昑֍支持的分辨率Q?
    sudo hwinfo --framebuffer
    昄的结果中没有支持的最大分辨率1440x900Q但下面讄?jin)是可以启用的?
    
D. 修改/etc/default/grub文gQ用uvesafb的framebuffer来启?
    sudo gedit /etc/default/grub
    把下面的两行:
    GRUB_CMDLINE_LINUX_DEFAULT="quiet splash"
    #GRUB_GFXMODE=640x480
    修改为:(x)
    GRUB_CMDLINE_LINUX_DEFAULT="quiet splash nomodeset video=uvesafb:mode_option=1440x900-24,mtrr=3,scroll=ywrap"
    GRUB_GFXMODE=1440x900
    
E. 修改/etc/initramfs-tools/modules文g
    sudo gedit /etc/initramfs-tools/modules
    d下面q行Q?
    uvesafb mode_option=1440x900-24 mtrr=3 scroll=ywrap
    
F. q行下面的命令,启用framebuffer:
    代码:
    echo FRAMEBUFFER=y | sudo tee /etc/initramfs-tools/conf.d/splash
    
G. q行下面的命令,更新grub配置文gQ?
    sudo update-grub
    sudo update-initramfs -u

H. 重启Q开x(chng)分L率,tty1-tty6分L率问题均得到解决?

******************************
2.4 安装红炚w?
******************************
    sudo apt-get install gpointing-device-settings


******************************
2.5 安装thinkfan
******************************
    打开thingkpad_acpi的风扇控?
    
    首先要打开thinpad_acpi的风扇控制支持,具体做法是在加蝲q个内核模块的时候给它传递一
    个打开风扇控制的变量。具体做法如下:(x)
    
    modprobe thinkpad_acpi fan_control=1 experimental=1
    
    要实现开机加载模块时讄Q则需要在/etc/modprobe.d/下增加一个配|文件thinkpad-acpi.confQ内容:(x)
    
    options thinkpad_acpi experimental=1 fan_control=1
    
    安装ubuntu软g仓库里面的thinkfan和sysfsutils(d和设|sysfs属??
    
    sudo aptitude install thinkfan sysfsutils
    
    thinkfan?x)在pȝ的运行别中dthinkfan的后台服务,q样可实现开行?
    
    配置和激zthinkfan
    
    阅读/etc/thinkfan.conf可以知道它是通过thinkpad_acpi提供的风扇控制接口来实现风扇控制的,它给风扇的{速别对应了(jin)一个上下限温度Q在q个上下限内p|对应的转速?
    
    安装后发现thinkfanq没有直接生效,
    脚本Q?etc/init.d/thinkfan 查看怎样讄自动启动
    自动启动Q?etc/default/thinkfan 文g中的START=yes?
    风扇控制温度输入为:(x)/proc/acpi/ibm/thermal
    cat /proc/acpi/ibm/fan可以得到控制风扇的方?

    安装完成后手动更C载后的源码版本:(x)0.7.1
    sudo make 
    开动运行关闭,重启后进入源码文件夹Q执?
    sudo cp thinkfan /usr/sbin
    然后q行thinkfan, q将开q行打开?

    手动更改风扇转速:(x)
    sudo -i 
    echo "level 6" > /proc/acpi/ibm/fan
    但过几秒钟后?x)变(sh)动控制?

    重新加蝲配置文g
    # kill -HUP $(</var/run/thinkfan.pid)
    
    卸蝲Q?
    sudo aptitude remove thinkfanQ注意不要把sysfsutils也卸载了(jin)
    rm /etc/modprobe.d/thinkpad-acpi.conf
    其余配置文g可暂时保?
    
    参考网址Q?nbsp; http://vmlinz.is-programmer.com/posts/25834.html
                http://sourceforge.net/projects/thinkfan/
                http://www.thinkwiki.org/wiki/Fan_control_scripts
    
******************************
2.6 配置laptop-model
******************************
    sudo apt-get install laptop-mode-tools
    
    修改文gQ?/etc/laptop-mode/laptop-mode.conf
    
    ENABLE_LAPTOP_MODE_ON_AC=1
    ENABLE_LAPTOP_MODE_WHEN_LID_CLOSED=1
    CONTROL_HD_IDLE_TIMEOUT=0
    # ArchLinux/Debian 默认 20 Q导致硬盘经常停转v转,Ubuntu 默认 60 Q用?jin)几天没感觉。M我关掉了(jin)q项功能?
    
    卛_使用交流甉|和合上盖时启用LatTopModeQ关于LapTopMode信息查看
    http://hi.baidu.com/skubuntu/blog/item/c70ad563e1bf93d38db10d07.html
    另外可解军_热大的问题:(x)
    http://www.cnblogs.com/droi/archive/2011/01/20/1940300.html
    
******************************
2.7 安装sensors
******************************
    参考文献:(x)http://forum.ubuntu.org.cn/viewtopic.php?t=55438
    sudo apt-get install lm-sensors sensors-applet
    sudo sensors-detect q一路YES 回R
    扑ֈ认d的模?
    sudo gedit /etc/modules dq去Q但我的没有扑ֈ
    安装界面昄E序Q?
    sudo apt-get install xsensors
    sudo apt-get install gdesklets gkrellm
    安装盘温度监控:
    sudo apt-get install hddtemp

******************************
2.8 安装cpufrequtils
******************************
    因ؓ(f)Ubuntu 默认?CPU 式作方式为ondemandQ这样只要一?cpu 计算量的dQ就?x)立卌到最大频率运行,{执行完后立卛_到最低频率,因此?x)出?cpu 温度的急骤升高Q如果采?tinkfan 控制风扇转速,则风扇会(x)再现H然猛{的情c(din)右键单击面?选择“d到面?#8221;,里面扑ֈ“cpu频率范围监视?#8221;, cpu 有几个核加几个Q单d改变 cpu 工作模式Q几U工作模式分别如下:(x)
    powersave,是无论如何都只会(x)保持最低频率的所?#8220;省电(sh)”模式Q?
  ondemand,默认模式.一有cpu计算量的d,׃(x)立即辑ֈ最大频率运?{执行完毕就立即回到最低频率;
  conservative,译成保守(中庸Q模??x)自动在频率上下限调?和ondemand的区别在于它?x)按需分配频率,而不是一呌求最高频率;
  performance,֐思义只注重效?无论如何一直保持以最大频率运?
    四个核均改?conservative 后,cpu 温度降到?46 度左叻I比以前有大大降低?
    
    另外Q安装:(x)
    sudo apt-get install cpufrequtils

    用法Q?
    代码Qcpufreq-info, cpufreq-selector, cpufreq-set
    具体用法可以?-h ?man 查看?
    A. 查看cpucd、当前频率、支持频率、运行模式等
        cpufreq-info 
    B. 选择需要调整的cpu
        sudo cpufreq-selector -c cpu?
        sudo cpufreq-set -c cpu?
    C. 调整cpu频率
        sudo cpufreq-selector -f 你所需要的频率
        sudo cpufreq-set -f 你所需要的频率
        注意Q此处的频率必须是以KHz为单位,q且是可以达到的频率Q也是用cpufreq-info查看到的各个频率Q,cpu频率Q倍频x外频。以下凡是涉?qing)频率的一律如此?
    D. 调整cpu频率上下?
        sudo cpufreq-set -d 频率下限
        sudo cpufreq-set -u 频率上限
        因此Q可能可以对cpuq行降频或者超?
    E. 调整cpuq行模式
        sudo cpufreq-selecotr -g 模式
        sudo cpufreq-set -g 模式
        eg: sudo cpufreq-set -c 0 -g powersave
        q里Q模式就是执行cpufreq-info后看到的所支持的模式。比如我的支持以下几U:(x)powersave, userspace, ondemand, conservative, performance?
        powersaveQ是无论如何都只?x)保持最低频率的所?#8220;省电(sh)”模式Q?
        userspaceQ是自定义频率时的模式,q个是当你设定特定频率时自动转变的;
        ondemandQ默认模式。一有cpu计算量的dQ就?x)立卌到最大频率运行,{执行完毕就立即回到最低频率;
        conservativeQ翻译成保守Q中庸)(j)模式Q会(x)自动在频率上下限调整Q和ondemand的区别在于它?x)按需分配频率Q而不是一呌求最高频率;
        performanceQ顾名思义只注重效率,无论如何一直保持以最大频率运行?
     F. dcpu监视?
        监视cpu频率Q右键单击面板,选择“d到面?#8221;Q里面找?#8220;cpu频率范围监视?#8221;?
        另外Q如果嫌命o(h)行麻?ch),可以q么?
        sudo chmod +s /usr/bin/cpufreq-selector
        然后Qcpu频率范围监视器的首选项里会(x)多出一?#8220;频率选择?#8221;Q显C单选择“频率和调速器”。鼠标左键单击cpu频率范围监视器,?x)发?#8220;频率”?#8220;调速器”两个菜单Q就可以随便调了(jin)。当然不需要随便调Q这里只是说明一下方法?
    
    d开启动Q修?etc/rc.local 文gQ在 exit 0 前面增加如下内容Q?
    cpufreq-set -c 0 -g conservative
    cpufreq-set -c 1 -g conservative
    cpufreq-set -c 2 -g conservative
    cpufreq-set -c 3 -g conservative
    但开机后不久?x)自动改为ondemand, q时再运行桌面脚本即?

    laptop-mode 下的配置文g位置Q?
    /etc/laptop-mode/conf.d/cpufreq.conf 
    可更Ҏ(gu)否启用及(qing)CPU工作模式?
    更改后发现启动后频率监视器上仍ؓ(f)ondemand, 但cpu温度降低?jin),是不是在内部自己调整的,因?f)启用?jin)ac-laptopmod


========================================
3. 主要应用软g安装
========================================

******************************
3.1 安装方式
******************************
    sudo apt-get install ...
    软g中心(j)
    新立得Y件包

******************************
3.2 主要软g列表
******************************
    ubuntu-restricted-extras   其他Ubuntu应用E序可能需要的软g或者编码器
    audacious           注:(x)需装音频解码器Q打开文g自动安装Q,q问题Q播攑ֈ表,自定义:(x)%f
    mplayer             注:(x)需装解码器
    stardict
    发音不好Q干脆卸载了(jin)Q?
    sudo apt-get install stardict-plugin-espeak  stardict-plugin-festival 
    goldendict          注:(x)推荐Q有好多词典
    g++
    vim                 注:(x)用源码编译时gvim 有问题。另screen下不同标{N?*"寄存器可用,太好?
    cscope
    ctags
    cgdb
    rar unrar p7zip
    flashplayer
    fonts               注:(x)Win下的TrueType字体攑օ$HOME/.fonts目录卛_Q也可打开安装
    xrgsu->mentohust
    scilab
    octave
    pdf comment: xournal,okular
    FoxitReader
    texlive
    OpenFOAM            注:(x)源码~译Q安装方式见别一文档
    gnuplot             注:(x)dE序Qoctave用的是?
    octave
    noflushd            注:(x)盘控制E序
    ailurus             注:(x)推荐
    Jabref
    Bibus
    
========================================
4. 主要问题
========================================

******************************
4.1 中文支持
******************************
    pdf中文支持Qsudo apt-get install xpdf-chinese-simplified xpdf-chinese-traditional poppler-data
    geditqQ运?gconf-editorQ在/apps/gedit-2/preferences/encodings/auto_detected 下面加入 GB18030,GB2312 ,GBKQ?GB18030 兼容GB2312 ,GBK的,所以只d有一?GB18030可以了(jin)的)(j)

******************************
4.2 Chrome中一旦退格IBus无法输入
******************************
    一旦按?jin)backspace删除之前输入的文字,p重新启动ibus才能输入Q不然输入什么都是不能显C的Q?
    已经证实是iBus的key snooperҎ(gu)导致了(jin)q个问题。可以考虑iBus升?.3.5以上Q添加PPAQ?

    $sudo add-apt-repository ppa:shawn-p-huang/ppa
    $sudo apt-get update
    $sudo apt-get dist-upgrade

******************************
4.3 更改密码问题
******************************
    密码太短或太单,用sudo更改Q?
    sudo passwd terry
    
******************************
4.4 面版重置
******************************
    打开l端Q终端窗口打开之后Q立卛_提示W后面输入下列命令:(x) gconftool --recursive-unset /apps/panel Q注意:(x)每个斜杠 “/” 后面没有I格Q接下来输入下列命o(h)Q?rm -rf ~/.gconf/apps/panel 最后还需要执行:(x) pkill gnome-panel 接下来,Ubuntu 默认的上下两栏面板就?x)恢复默认|出现剙+底部各一面板的默认布局?

******************************
4.5. 安装出错
******************************
    dpkgQ处?tex-common (--configure)时出错:(x)
     子进E?已安装的 post-installation 脚本 q回?jin)错误?1
    dpkgQ依赖关p问题(sh)?texlive-binaries 的配|工作不能l:(x)
     texlive-binaries 依赖?tex-common (>= 2.00)Q然而:(x)
      软g?tex-common q没有被配置?
    dpkgQ处?texlive-binaries (--configure)时出错:(x)
     依赖关系问题 - 仍未被配|?
    在处理时有错误发生:(x)
     tex-common
     texlive-binaries
    解决办法Q?直接L那两个包

******************************
4.6 时区讄问题
******************************
    解决linux与windows的时间同步问?
    sudo vim /etc/default/rcS
    讄 UTC=no

******************************
4.7 修改默认打开E序
******************************
    q个问题跟两个文件有养I(x) 
    /etc/gnome/defaults.list Q这个文件保存(sh)(jin)全局的打开方式Q?
    ~/.local/share/applications/mimeapps.list Q这个文件保存(sh)(jin)个h的打开方式Q?nbsp;
   只更改当前用L(fng)配置文g
   也可用在Nautilus中选择属性,从打开方式标签更改

******************************
4.8 相关命o(h)
******************************
    查看uvesafb支持的分辨率Q?sys/bus/platform/drivers/uvesafb/uvesafb.0/vbe_modes
    关于framebuffer的说明可以查看Gentoo文档Q另?usr/src/linux/Documentation/fb/uvesafb.txt列出?jin)所有变?
    /etc/X11/xorg.conf可查看显卡驱动及(qing)相关信息
    让硬盘进入休眠:(x)sudo hdparm -Y /dev/sda

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Docker学习(fn)W记Q八Q构建私有库 http://www.tkk7.com/tiandizhijian/archive/2016/12/27/432198.html做强大的自己做强大的自己Tue, 27 Dec 2016 13:41:00 GMThttp://www.tkk7.com/tiandizhijian/archive/2016/12/27/432198.htmlhttp://www.tkk7.com/tiandizhijian/comments/432198.htmlhttp://www.tkk7.com/tiandizhijian/archive/2016/12/27/432198.html#Feedback0http://www.tkk7.com/tiandizhijian/comments/commentRss/432198.htmlhttp://www.tkk7.com/tiandizhijian/services/trackbacks/432198.html十、构建私有库

Docker 官方提供?docker registry 的构建方?docker-registry

10.1 快速构?

快速构?docker registry 通过以下两步:

  • 安装 docker
  • q行 registry:docker run -p 5000:5000 registry

q种Ҏ(gu)通过 Docker hub 使用官方镜像 official image from the Docker hub

10.2 不用容器构?registry

安装必要的Y?

$ sudo apt-get install build-essential python-dev libevent-dev python-pip liblzma-dev

配置 docker-registry

sudo pip install docker-registry

或?使用 github clone 手动安装

$ git clone https://github.com/dotcloud/docker-registry.git
$ cd docker-registry/
$ cp config/config_sample.yml config/config.yml
$ mkdir /data/registry -p
$ pip install .

q行

docker-registry

高启动方式 [不推荐]

使用gunicorn控制:

gunicorn -c contrib/gunicorn_config.py docker_registry.wsgi:application

或者对外监听开?

gunicorn --access-logfile - --error-logfile - -k gevent -b 0.0.0.0:5000 -w 4 --max-requests 100 docker_registry.wsgi:application

10.3 提交指定容器到私有库

$ docker tag ubuntu:12.04 U有库IP:5000/ubuntu:12.04
$ docker push U有库IP:5000/ubuntu

更多的配|选项推荐阅读官方文档:



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Docker学习(fn)W记Q七Q链接容?http://www.tkk7.com/tiandizhijian/archive/2016/12/27/432197.html做强大的自己做强大的自己Tue, 27 Dec 2016 13:40:00 GMThttp://www.tkk7.com/tiandizhijian/archive/2016/12/27/432197.htmlhttp://www.tkk7.com/tiandizhijian/comments/432197.htmlhttp://www.tkk7.com/tiandizhijian/archive/2016/12/27/432197.html#Feedback0http://www.tkk7.com/tiandizhijian/comments/commentRss/432197.htmlhttp://www.tkk7.com/tiandizhijian/services/trackbacks/432197.html?ji)、链接容?

docker 允许把多个容器连接在一P怺交互信息。docker 链接?x)创ZU容器父子别的关系Q其中父容器可以看到其子容器提供的信息?

9.1 容器命名

在创建容器时Q如果不指定容器的名字,则默认会(x)自动创徏一个名字,q里推荐l容器命名:(x)

  • 1、给容器命名方便记忆Q如命名q行 web 应用的容器ؓ(f) web
  • 2、ؓ(f) docker 容器提供一个参考,允许方便其他容器调用Q如把容?web 链接到容?db

可以通过--name选项l容器自定义命名Q?

$ sudo docker run -d -t -i --name test ubuntu:14.04 bash              
$ sudo docker  inspect --format="{{ .Nmae }}" test
/test

注:(x)容器名称必须唯一Q即你只能命名一个叫test的容器。如果你惛_用容器名Q则必须在创建新的容器前通过docker rm删除旧的容器或者创建容器时d--rm选项?

9.2 链接容器

链接允许容器间安全通信Q?-link选项创徏链接?

$ sudo docker run -d --name db training/postgres

Z training/postgres 镜像创徏一个名?db 的容器,然后下面创徏一个叫?web 的容器,q且它?db 怺q接在一?

$ sudo docker run -d -P --name web --link db:db training/webapp python app.py

--link <name or id>:alias选项指定链接到的容器?

查看 web 容器的链接关p?

$ sudo docker inspect -f "{{ .HostConfig.Links }}" web
[/db:/web/db]

可以看到 web 容器被链接到 db 容器?web/dbQ这允许 web 容器讉K db 容器的信息?

容器之间的链接实际做?jin)什么?一个链接允怸个源容器提供信息讉Kl一个接收容器。在本例中,web 容器作ؓ(f)一个接收者,允许讉K源容?db 的相x(chng)务信息。Docker 创徏?jin)一个安全隧道而不需要对外公开M端口l外部容器,因此不需要在创徏容器的时候添?p?P指定对外公开的端口,q也是链接容器的最大好处,本例?PostgreSQL 数据库?

Docker 主要通过以下两个方式提供q接信息l接收容器:(x)

  • 环境变量
  • 更新/etc/hosts文g

环境变量

当两个容器链接,Docker ?x)在目标容器上设|一些环境变量,以获取源容器的相关信息?

首先QDocker ?x)在每个通过--link选项指定别名的目标容器上讄一?lt;alias>_NAME环境变量。如果一个名?web 的容器通过--link db:webdb被链接到一个名?db 的数据库容器Q那?web 容器上会(x)讄一个环境变量ؓ(f)WEBDB_NAME=/web/webdb.

以之前的ZQDocker q(sh)(x)讄端口变量:

$ sudo docker run --rm --name web2 --link db:db training/webapp env
. . .
DB_NAME=/web2/db
DB_PORT=tcp://172.17.0.5:5432           
DB_PORT_5432_TCP=tcp://172.17.0.5:5432  # <name>_PORT_<port>_<protocol> 协议可以?TCP ?UDP
DB_PORT_5432_TCP_PROTO=tcp
DB_PORT_5432_TCP_PORT=5432
DB_PORT_5432_TCP_ADDR=172.17.0.5
. . .

注:(x)q些环境变量只设|给容器中的W一个进E,cM一些守护进E?(?sshd ) 当他们派?shells 时会(x)清除q些变量

更新/etc/hosts文g

除了(jin)环境变量QDocker ?x)在目标容器上添加相关主机条目?etc/hosts中,上例中就?web 容器?

$ sudo docker run -t -i --rm --link db:db training/webapp /bin/bash
root@aed84ee21bde:/opt/webapp# cat /etc/hosts
172.17.0.7  aed84ee21bde
. . .
172.17.0.5  db

/etc/host文g在源容器被重启之后会(x)自动更新 IP 地址Q而环境变量中?IP 地址则不?x)自动更新的?



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Docker学习(fn)W记Q六Q容器数据管?http://www.tkk7.com/tiandizhijian/archive/2016/12/27/432196.html做强大的自己做强大的自己Tue, 27 Dec 2016 13:39:00 GMThttp://www.tkk7.com/tiandizhijian/archive/2016/12/27/432196.htmlhttp://www.tkk7.com/tiandizhijian/comments/432196.htmlhttp://www.tkk7.com/tiandizhijian/archive/2016/12/27/432196.html#Feedback0http://www.tkk7.com/tiandizhijian/comments/commentRss/432196.htmlhttp://www.tkk7.com/tiandizhijian/services/trackbacks/432196.html八、容器数据管?

docker理数据的方式有两种Q?

  • 数据?
  • 数据卷容?

8.1 数据?

数据h一个或多个容器专门指定l过Union File System的目录,为持l性或׃n数据提供一些有用的功能Q?

  • 数据卷可以在容器间共享和重用
  • 数据h据改变是直接修改?
  • 数据h据改变(sh)?x)被包括在容器?
  • 数据h持箋(hu)性的Q直到没有容器用它?

d一个数据卷

你可以?v选项d一个数据卷Q或者可以用多?v选项Z?docker 容器q行挂蝲多个数据南?

$ sudo docker run --name data -v /data -t -i ubuntu:14.04 /bin/bash # 创徏数据L(fng)定到到新建容器,新徏容器中会(x)创徏 /data 数据?bash-4.1# ls -ld /data/
drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 4096 Jul 23 06:59 /data/
bash-4.1# df -Th
Filesystem    Type    Size  Used Avail Use% Mounted on
... ...
              ext4     91G  4.6G   82G   6% /data

创徏的数据卷可以通过docker inspect获取宿主机对应\?

$ sudo docker inspect data
... ... "Volumes": { "/data": "/var/lib/docker/vfs/dir/151de401d268226f96d824fdf444e77a4500aed74c495de5980c807a2ffb7ea9" }, # 可以看到创徏的数据卷宿主\?... ...

或者直接指定获?

$ sudo docker inspect --format="{{ .Volumes }}" data
map[/data: /var/lib/docker/vfs/dir/151de401d268226f96d824fdf444e77a4500aed74c495de5980c807a2ffb7ea9]

挂蝲宿主机目录ؓ(f)一个数据卷

-v选项除了(jin)可以创徏P也可以挂载当前主机的一个目录到容器中?

$ sudo docker run --name web -v /source/:/web -t -i ubuntu:14.04 /bin/bash
bash-4.1# ls -ld /web/
drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 4096 Jul 23 06:59 /web/
bash-4.1# df -Th
... ...
              ext4     91G  4.6G   82G   6% /web
bash-4.1# exit 

默认挂蝲h可读写的Q可以在挂蝲时指定只?

$ sudo docker run --rm --name test -v /source/:/test:ro -t -i ubuntu:14.04 /bin/bash

8.2 创徏和挂载一个数据卷容器

如果你有一些持久性的数据q且惛_容器间共享,或者想用在非持久性的容器上,最好的Ҏ(gu)是创Z个数据卷容器Q然后从此容器上挂蝲数据?

创徏数据卷容?

$ sudo docker run -t -i -d -v /test --name test ubuntu:14.04 echo hello

使用--volumes-from选项在另一个容器中挂蝲 /test 南不?test 容器是否q行Q其它容器都可以挂蝲该容器数据卷Q当然如果只是单独的数据h没必要运行容器的?

$ sudo docker run -t -i -d --volumes-from test --name test1 ubuntu:14.04 /bin/bash

d另一个容?

$ sudo docker run -t -i -d --volumes-from test --name test2 ubuntu:14.04 /bin/bash

也可以承其它挂载有 /test L(fng)容器

$ sudo docker run -t -i -d --volumes-from test1 --name test3 ubuntu:14.04 /bin/bash

非常详细?Docker 学习(fn)W记

8.3 备䆾、恢复或q移数据?

备䆾

$ sudo docker run --rm --volumes-from test -v $(pwd):/backup ubuntu:14.04 tar cvf /backup/test.tar /test
tar: Removing leading `/' from member names
/test/
/test/b
/test/d
/test/c
/test/a

启动一个新的容器ƈ且从test容器中挂载卷Q然后挂载当前目录到容器中ؓ(f) backupQƈ备䆾 test 卷中所有的数据?test.tarQ执行完成之后删除容?-rmQ此时备份就在当前的目录下,名ؓ(f)test.tar?

$ ls # 宿主机当前目录下产生?test L(fng)备䆾文g test.tar test.tar

恢复

你可以恢复给同一个容器或者另外的容器Q新建容器ƈ解压备䆾文g到新的容器数据卷

$ sudo docker run -t -i -d -v /test --name test4 ubuntu:14.04  /bin/bash $ sudo docker run --rm --volumes-from test4 -v $(pwd):/backup ubuntu:14.04 tar xvf /backup/test.tar -C / # 恢复之前的文件到新徏卷中Q执行完后自动删除容?test/ test/b test/d test/c test/a

8.4 删除 Volumes

Volume 只有在下列情况下才能被删除:(x)

  • docker rm -v删除容器时添加了(jin)-v选项
  • docker run --rmq行容器时添加了(jin)--rm选项

否则Q会(x)?var/lib/docker/vfs/dir目录中遗留很多不明目录?

参考文档:(x)



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