TCP/IP: OSP涓嶵CP/IP鐨勫弬鑰冨眰嬈″浘錛?/font> OSP涓嶵CP/IP鐨勬瘮杈冿細 鍒嗗眰緇撴瀯
鏁版嵁閾捐礬灞傦細ARP,RARP
緗戠粶灞傦細 IP,ICMP,IGMP
浼犺緭灞傦細TCP ,UDP,UGP
搴旂敤灞傦細Telnet,FTP,SMTP,SNMP.
OSI:
鐗╃悊灞傦細EIA/TIA-232, EIA/TIA-499, V.35, V.24, RJ45, Ethernet, 802.3, 802.5, FDDI, NRZI, NRZ, B8ZS
鏁版嵁閾捐礬灞傦細Frame Relay, HDLC, PPP, IEEE 802.3/802.2, FDDI, ATM,
緗戠粶灞傦細IP錛孖PX錛孉ppleTalk DDP
浼犺緭灞傦細TCP錛孶DP錛孲PX
浼氳瘽灞傦細RPC,SQL,NFS,NetBIOS,names,AppleTalk,ASP,DECnet,SCP
琛ㄧず灞?TIFF,GIF,JPEG,PICT,ASCII,EBCDIC,encryption,MPEG,MIDI,HTML
搴旂敤灞傦細FTP,WWW,Telnet,NFS,SMTP,Gateway,SNMP
搴旂敤灞?br />1.涓昏鍔熻兘 錛氱敤鎴鋒帴鍙c佸簲鐢ㄧ▼搴?br />application 2.鍏稿瀷璁懼錛氱綉鍏?br />3.鍏稿瀷鍗忚銆佹爣鍑嗗拰搴旂敤錛歍ELNET, FTP, HTTP
琛ㄧず灞?br />1.涓昏鍔熻兘 錛氭暟鎹殑琛ㄧず銆佸帇緙╁拰鍔犲瘑
presentation2.鍏稿瀷璁懼錛氱綉鍏?br />3.鍏稿瀷鍗忚銆佹爣鍑嗗拰搴旂敤錛欰SCLL銆丳ICT銆乀IFF銆丣PEG銆?MIDI銆丮PEG
浼氳瘽灞?br />1.涓昏鍔熻兘 錛氫細璇濈殑寤虹珛鍜岀粨鏉?br />session2.鍏稿瀷璁懼錛氱綉鍏?br />3.鍏稿瀷鍗忚銆佹爣鍑嗗拰搴旂敤錛歊PC銆丼QL銆丯FS 銆乆 WINDOWS銆丄SP
浼犺緭灞?br />1.涓昏鍔熻兘 錛氱鍒扮鎺у埗
transport 2.鍏稿瀷璁懼錛氱綉鍏?br />3.鍏稿瀷鍗忚銆佹爣鍑嗗拰搴旂敤錛歍CP銆乁DP銆丼PX
緗戠粶灞?br />1.涓昏鍔熻兘 錛氳礬鐢憋紝瀵誨潃
network2.鍏稿瀷璁懼錛氳礬鐢卞櫒
3.鍏稿瀷鍗忚銆佹爣鍑嗗拰搴旂敤錛欼P銆両PX銆丄PPLETALK銆両CMP
鏁版嵁閾捐礬灞?br />1.涓昏鍔熻兘 錛氫繚璇佽宸敊鐨勬暟鎹摼璺?br />data link 2.鍏稿瀷璁懼錛氫氦鎹㈡満銆佺綉妗ャ佺綉鍗?br />3.鍏稿瀷鍗忚銆佹爣鍑嗗拰搴旂敤錛?02.2銆?02.3ATM銆丠DLC銆丗RAME RELAY
鐗╃悊灞?br />1.涓昏鍔熻兘 錛氫紶杈撴瘮鐗規祦
physical2.鍏稿瀷璁懼錛氶泦綰垮櫒銆佷腑緇у櫒
3.鍏稿瀷鍗忚銆佹爣鍑嗗拰搴旂敤錛歏.35銆丒IA/TIA-232
浠庝笅鍒頒笂錛岀墿鐞嗗眰鏈浣庣殑錛侊紒錛侊紒搴旂敤灞傛渶楂樸?br />
浠涔堟槸TCP/IP鍗忚錛屽垝涓哄嚑灞傦紝鍚勬湁浠涔堝姛鑳斤紵
TCP/IP鍗忚鏃忓寘鍚簡寰堝鍔熻兘鍚勫紓鐨勫瓙鍗忚銆備負姝ゆ垜浠篃鍒╃敤涓婃枃鎵榪扮殑鍒嗗眰鐨勬柟寮忔潵鍓栨瀽瀹冪殑緇撴瀯銆俆CP/IP灞傛妯″瀷鍏卞垎涓哄洓灞傦細搴旂敤灞傘佷紶杈撳眰銆佺綉緇滃眰銆佹暟鎹摼璺眰銆?br />
TCP/IP緗戠粶鍗忚
TCP/IP(Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol錛屼紶杈撴帶鍒跺崗璁?緗戦棿緗戝崗璁?鏄洰鍓嶄笘鐣屼笂搴旂敤鏈涓哄箍娉涚殑鍗忚錛屽畠鐨勬祦琛屼笌Internet鐨勮繀鐚涘彂灞曞瘑鍒囩浉鍏?#8212;TCP/IP鏈鍒濇槸涓轟簰鑱旂綉鐨勫師鍨婣RPANET鎵璁捐鐨勶紝鐩殑鏄彁渚涗竴鏁村鏂逛究瀹炵敤銆佽兘搴旂敤浜庡縐嶇綉緇滀笂鐨勫崗璁紝浜嬪疄璇佹槑TCP/IP鍋氬埌浜嗚繖涓鐐癸紝瀹冧嬌緗戠粶浜掕仈鍙樺緱瀹規槗璧鋒潵錛屽茍涓斾嬌瓚婃潵瓚婂鐨勭綉緇滃姞鍏ュ叾涓紝鎴愪負Internet鐨勪簨瀹炴爣鍑嗐?br />
* 搴旂敤灞?#8212;搴旂敤灞傛槸鎵鏈夌敤鎴鋒墍闈㈠悜鐨勫簲鐢ㄧ▼搴忕殑緇熺О銆侷CP/IP鍗忚鏃忓湪榪欎竴灞傞潰鏈夌潃寰堝鍗忚鏉ユ敮鎸佷笉鍚岀殑搴旂敤錛岃澶氬ぇ瀹舵墍鐔熸倝鐨勫熀浜嶪nternet鐨勫簲鐢ㄧ殑瀹炵幇灝辯涓嶅紑榪欎簺鍗忚銆傚鎴戜滑榪涜涓囩淮緗戯紙WWW錛夎闂敤鍒頒簡HTTP鍗忚銆佹枃浠朵紶杈撶敤FTP鍗忚銆佺數瀛愰偖浠跺彂閫佺敤SMTP銆佸煙鍚嶇殑瑙f瀽鐢―NS鍗忚銆佽繙紼嬬櫥褰曠敤Telnet鍗忚絳夌瓑錛岄兘鏄睘浜嶵CP/IP搴旂敤灞傜殑錛涘氨鐢ㄦ埛鑰岃█錛岀湅鍒扮殑鏄敱涓涓釜杞歡鎵鏋勭瓚鐨勫ぇ澶氫負鍥懼艦鍖栫殑鎿嶄綔鐣岄潰錛岃屽疄闄呭悗鍙拌繍琛岀殑渚挎槸涓婅堪鍗忚銆?br />
* 浼犺緭灞?#8212;榪欎竴灞傜殑鐨勫姛鑳戒富瑕佹槸鎻愪緵搴旂敤紼嬪簭闂寸殑閫氫俊錛孴CP/IP鍗忚鏃忓湪榪欎竴灞傜殑鍗忚鏈塗CP鍜孶DP銆?br />
* 緗戠粶灞?#8212;鏄疶CP/IP鍗忚鏃忎腑闈炲父鍏抽敭鐨勪竴灞傦紝涓昏瀹氫箟浜咺P鍦板潃鏍煎紡錛屼粠鑰岃兘澶熶嬌寰椾笉鍚屽簲鐢ㄧ被鍨嬬殑鏁版嵁鍦↖nternet涓婇氱晠鍦頒紶杈擄紝IP鍗忚灝辨槸涓涓綉緇滃眰鍗忚銆?br />
* 緗戠粶鎺ュ彛灞?#8212;榪欐槸TCP/IP杞歡鐨勬渶浣庡眰錛岃礋璐f帴鏀禝P鏁版嵁鍖呭茍閫氳繃緗戠粶鍙戦佷箣錛屾垨鑰呬粠緗戠粶涓婃帴鏀剁墿鐞嗗撫錛屾娊鍑篒P鏁版嵁鎶ワ紝浜ょ粰IP灞傘?br />
1錛嶵CP/UDP鍗忚
TCP (Transmission Control Protocol)鍜孶DP(User Datagram Protocol)鍗忚灞炰簬浼犺緭灞傚崗璁傚叾涓璗CP鎻愪緵IP鐜涓嬬殑鏁版嵁鍙潬浼犺緭錛屽畠鎻愪緵鐨勬湇鍔″寘鎷暟鎹祦浼犻併佸彲闈犳с佹湁鏁堟祦鎺с佸叏鍙屽伐鎿嶄綔鍜屽璺鐢ㄣ傞氳繃闈㈠悜榪炴帴銆佺鍒扮鍜屽彲闈犵殑鏁版嵁鍖呭彂閫併傞氫織璇達紝瀹冩槸浜嬪厛涓烘墍鍙戦佺殑鏁版嵁寮杈熷嚭榪炴帴濂界殑閫氶亾錛岀劧鍚庡啀榪涜鏁版嵁鍙戦侊紱鑰孶DP鍒欎笉涓篒P鎻愪緵鍙潬鎬с佹祦鎺ф垨宸敊鎭㈠鍔熻兘銆備竴鑸潵璇達紝TCP瀵瑰簲鐨勬槸鍙潬鎬ц姹傞珮鐨勫簲鐢紝鑰孶DP瀵瑰簲鐨勫垯鏄彲闈犳ц姹備綆銆佷紶杈撶粡嫻庣殑搴旂敤銆俆CP鏀寔鐨勫簲鐢ㄥ崗璁富瑕佹湁錛歍elnet銆丗TP銆丼MTP絳夛紱UDP鏀寔鐨勫簲鐢ㄥ眰鍗忚涓昏鏈夛細NFS錛堢綉緇滄枃浠剁郴緇燂級銆丼NMP錛堢畝鍗曠綉緇滅鐞嗗崗璁級銆丏NS錛堜富鍩熷悕縐扮郴緇燂級銆乀FTP錛堥氱敤鏂囦歡浼犺緭鍗忚錛夌瓑銆?br />
IP鍗忚鐨勫畾涔夈両P鍦板潃鐨勫垎綾誨強鐗圭偣
浠涔堟槸IP鍗忚錛孖P鍦板潃濡備綍琛ㄧず錛屽垎涓哄嚑綾伙紝鍚勬湁浠涔堢壒鐐癸紵
涓轟簡渚夸簬瀵誨潃鍜屽眰嬈″寲鍦版瀯閫犵綉緇滐紝IP鍦板潃琚垎涓篈銆丅銆丆銆丏銆丒浜旂被錛屽晢涓氬簲鐢ㄤ腑鍙敤鍒癆銆丅銆丆涓夌被銆?br />
IP鍗忚(Internet Protocol)鍙堢О浜掕仈緗戝崗璁紝鏄敮鎸佺綉闂翠簰榪炵殑鏁版嵁鎶ュ崗璁紝瀹冧笌TCP鍗忚錛堜紶杈撴帶鍒跺崗璁級涓璧鋒瀯鎴愪簡TCP/IP鍗忚鏃忕殑鏍稿績銆傚畠鎻愪緵緗戦棿榪炴帴鐨勫畬鍠勫姛鑳斤紝 鍖呮嫭IP鏁版嵁鎶ヨ瀹氫簰榪炵綉緇滆寖鍥村唴鐨処P鍦板潃鏍煎紡銆?br />
Internet 涓婏紝涓轟簡瀹炵幇榪炴帴鍒頒簰鑱旂綉涓婄殑緇撶偣涔嬮棿鐨勯氫俊錛屽繀欏諱負姣忎釜緇撶偣錛堝叆緗戠殑璁$畻鏈猴級鍒嗛厤涓涓湴鍧錛屽茍涓斿簲褰撲繚璇佽繖涓湴鍧鏄叏緗戝敮涓鐨勶紝榪欎究鏄疘P鍦板潃銆?br />
鐩墠鐨処P鍦板潃錛圛Pv4錛欼P絎?鐗堟湰錛夌敱32涓簩榪涘埗浣嶈〃紺猴紝姣?浣嶄簩榪涘埗鏁頒負涓涓暣鏁幫紝涓棿鐢卞皬鏁扮偣闂撮殧錛屽159.226.41.98錛屾暣涓狪P鍦板潃絀洪棿鏈?緇?浣嶄簩榪涘埗鏁幫紝鐢辮〃紺轟富鏈烘墍鍦ㄧ殑緗戠粶鐨勫湴鍧錛堢被浼奸儴闃熺殑緙栧彿錛変互鍙婁富鏈哄湪璇ョ綉緇滀腑鐨勬爣璇嗭紙濡傚悓澹叺鍦ㄨ閮ㄩ槦鐨勭紪鍙鳳級鍏卞悓緇勬垚銆?br />
涓轟簡渚夸簬瀵誨潃鍜屽眰嬈″寲鐨勬瀯閫犵綉緇滐紝IP鍦板潃琚垎涓篈銆丅銆丆銆丏銆丒浜旂被錛屽晢涓氬簲鐢ㄤ腑鍙敤鍒癆銆丅銆丆涓夌被銆?br />
* A綾誨湴鍧錛欰綾誨湴鍧鐨勭綉緇滄爣璇嗙敱絎竴緇?浣嶄簩榪涘埗鏁拌〃紺猴紝緗戠粶涓殑涓繪満鏍囪瘑鍗?緇?浣嶄簩榪涘埗鏁幫紝A綾誨湴鍧鐨勭壒鐐規槸緗戠粶鏍囪瘑鐨勭涓浣嶄簩榪涘埗鏁板彇鍊煎繀欏諱負 “0”銆備笉闅劇畻鍑猴紝A綾誨湴鍧鍏佽鏈?26涓綉孌碉紝姣忎釜緗戠粶澶х害鍏佽鏈?670涓囧彴涓繪満錛岄氬父鍒嗛厤緇欐嫢鏈夊ぇ閲忎富鏈虹殑緗戠粶錛堝涓誨共緗戯級銆?br />
* B綾誨湴鍧錛欱綾誨湴鍧鐨勭綉緇滄爣璇嗙敱鍓嶄袱緇?浣嶄簩榪涘埗鏁拌〃紺猴紝緗戠粶涓殑涓繪満鏍囪瘑鍗犱袱緇?浣嶄簩榪涘埗鏁幫紝B綾誨湴鍧鐨勭壒鐐規槸緗戠粶鏍囪瘑鐨勫墠涓や綅浜岃繘鍒舵暟鍙栧煎繀欏諱負“10”銆侭綾誨湴鍧鍏佽鏈?6384涓綉孌碉紝姣忎釜緗戠粶鍏佽鏈?5533鍙頒富鏈猴紝閫傜敤浜庣粨鐐規瘮杈冨鐨勭綉緇滐紙濡傚尯鍩熺綉錛夈?br />
* C綾誨湴鍧錛欳綾誨湴鍧鐨勭綉緇滄爣璇嗙敱鍓?緇?浣嶄簩榪涘埗鏁拌〃紺猴紝緗戠粶涓富鏈烘爣璇嗗崰1緇?浣嶄簩榪涘埗鏁幫紝C綾誨湴鍧鐨勭壒鐐規槸緗戠粶鏍囪瘑鐨勫墠3浣嶄簩榪涘埗鏁板彇鍊煎繀欏諱負“110”銆傚叿鏈塁綾誨湴鍧鐨勭綉緇滃厑璁告湁254鍙頒富鏈猴紝閫傜敤浜庣粨鐐規瘮杈冨皯鐨勭綉緇滐紙濡傛牎鍥綉錛夈?br />
涓轟簡渚夸簬璁板繂錛岄氬父涔犳儻閲囩敤4涓崄榪涘埗鏁版潵琛ㄧず涓涓狪P鍦板潃錛屽崄榪涘埗鏁頒箣闂撮噰鐢ㄥ彞鐐?#8220;.”浜堜互鍒嗛殧銆傝繖縐岻P鍦板潃鐨勮〃紺烘柟娉曚篃琚О涓虹偣鍒嗗崄榪涘埗娉曘傚浠ヨ繖縐嶆柟寮忚〃紺猴紝A綾葷綉緇滅殑IP鍦板潃鑼冨洿涓?.0.0.1錛?27.255.255.254錛汢綾葷綉緇滅殑IP鍦板潃鑼冨洿涓猴細128.1.0.1錛?91.255.255.254錛汣綾葷綉緇滅殑IP鍦板潃鑼冨洿涓猴細192.0.1.1錛?23.255.255.254銆?br />
鐢變簬緗戠粶鍦板潃绱у紶銆佷富鏈哄湴鍧鐩稿榪囧墿錛岄噰鍙栧瓙緗戞帺鐮佺殑鏂瑰紡鏉ユ寚瀹氱綉孌靛彿銆?br />
TCP/IP鍗忚涓庝綆灞傜殑鏁版嵁閾捐礬灞傚拰鐗╃悊灞傛棤鍏籌紝榪欎篃鏄疶CP/IP鐨勯噸瑕佺壒鐐廣傛鍥犱負濡傛 錛屽畠鑳藉箍娉涘湴鏀寔鐢變綆涓ゅ眰鍗忚鏋勬垚鐨勭墿鐞嗙綉緇滅粨鏋勩傜洰鍓嶅凡浣跨敤TCP/IP榪炴帴鎴愭床闄呯綉銆佸叏鍥界綉涓庤法鍦板尯緗戙?/p>
OSI鍙傝冩ā鍨嬩笌TCP/IP鍗忚閮介噰鐢ㄤ簡鍒嗗眰緇撴瀯錛岄兘鏄熀浜庣嫭绔嬬殑鍗忚鏍堢殑姒傚康銆侽SI鍙傝冩ā鍨嬫湁7灞傦紝鑰孴CP/IP鍗忚鍙湁4灞傦紝鍗砊CP/IP鍗忚娌℃湁浜嗚〃紺哄眰鍜屼細璇濆眰錛屽茍涓旀妸鏁版嵁閾捐礬灞傚拰鐗╃悊灞傚悎騫朵負緗戠粶鎺ュ彛灞傘備笉榪囷紝浜岃呯殑鍒嗗眰涔嬮棿鏈変竴瀹氱殑瀵瑰簲鍏崇郴
鏍囧噯鐨勭壒鑹?br />OSI鍙傝冩ā鍨嬬殑鏍囧噯鏈鏃╂槸鐢盜SO鍜孋CITT錛圛TU鐨勫墠韜級鍒跺畾鐨勶紝鏈夋祿鍘氱殑閫氫俊鑳屾櫙錛屽洜姝や篃鎵撲笂浜嗘繁鍘氱殑閫氫俊緋葷粺鐨勭壒鑹詫紝姣斿瀵規湇鍔¤川閲忥紙QoS錛夈佸樊閿欑巼鐨勪繚璇侊紝鍙冭檻浜嗛潰鍚戣繛鎺ョ殑鏈嶅姟銆傚茍涓旀槸鍏堝畾涔変竴濂楀姛鑳藉畬鏁寸殑鏋勬灦錛屽啀鏍規嵁璇ユ瀯鏋舵潵鍙戝睍鐩稿簲鐨勫崗璁笌緋葷粺銆?br />
TCP/IP鍗忚浜х敓浜庡Internet緗戠粶鐨勭爺絀朵笌瀹炶返涓紝鏄簲瀹為檯闇姹傝屼駭鐢熺殑錛屽啀鐢盜AB銆両ETF絳夌粍緇囨爣鍑嗗寲錛岃屽茍涓嶆槸涔嬪墠瀹氫箟涓涓弗璋ㄧ殑妗嗘灦銆傝屼笖TCP/IP鏈鏃╂槸鍦║NIX緋葷粺涓疄鐜扮殑錛岃冭檻浜嗚綆楁満緗戠粶鐨勭壒鐐癸紝姣旇緝閫傚悎璁$畻鏈哄疄鐜板拰浣跨敤銆?br />
榪炴帴鏈嶅姟
OSI鐨勭綉緇滃眰鍩烘湰涓嶵CP/IP鐨勭綉闄呭眰瀵瑰簲錛屼簩鑰呯殑鍔熻兘鍩烘湰鐩鎬技錛屼絾鏄鍧鏂瑰紡鏈夎緝澶х殑鍖哄埆銆?br />
OSI鐨勫湴鍧絀洪棿涓轟笉鍥哄畾鐨勫彲鍙橀暱錛岀敱閫夊畾鐨勫湴鍧鍛藉悕鏂瑰紡鍐沖畾錛屾渶闀垮彲杈?60byte錛屽彲浠ュ綰抽潪甯稿ぇ鐨勭綉緇滐紝鍥犺屽叿鏈夎緝澶х殑鎴愰暱絀洪棿銆傛牴鎹甇SI鐨勮瀹氾紝緗戠粶涓婃瘡涓郴緇熻嚦澶氬彲浠ユ湁256涓氫俊鍦板潃銆?br />
TCP/IP緗戠粶鐨勫湴鍧絀洪棿涓哄浐瀹氱殑4byte錛堝湪鐩墠甯哥敤鐨処PV4涓槸榪欐牱錛屽湪IPV6涓皢鎵╁睍鍒?6byte錛夈傜綉緇滀笂鐨勬瘡涓涓郴緇熻嚦灝戞湁涓涓敮涓鐨勫湴鍧涓庝箣瀵瑰簲銆?br />
浼犺緭鏈嶅姟
OSI涓嶵CP/IP鐨勪紶杈撳眰閮藉涓嶅悓鐨勪笟鍔¢噰鍙栦笉鍚岀殑浼犺緭絳栫暐銆侽SI瀹氫箟浜嗕簲涓笉鍚屽眰嬈$殑鏈嶅姟錛歍P1錛孴P2錛孴P3錛孴P4錛孴P5銆俆CP/IP瀹氫箟浜員CP鍜孶PD涓ょ鍗忚錛屽垎鍒叿鏈夐潰鍚戣繛鎺ュ拰闈㈠悜鏃犺繛鎺ョ殑鎬ц川銆傚叾涓璗CP涓嶰SI涓殑TP4錛孶DP涓嶰SI涓殑TP0鍦ㄦ瀯鏋跺拰鍔熻兘涓婂ぇ浣撶浉鍚岋紝鍙槸鍐呴儴緇嗚妭鏈変竴浜涘樊寮傘?br />
搴旂敤鑼冨洿
OSI鐢變簬浣撶郴姣旇緝澶嶆潅錛岃屼笖璁捐鍏堜簬瀹炵幇錛屾湁璁稿璁捐榪囦簬鐞嗘兂錛屼笉澶柟渚胯綆楁満杞歡瀹炵幇錛屽洜鑰屽畬鍏ㄥ疄鐜癘SI鍙傝冩ā鍨嬬殑緋葷粺騫朵笉澶氾紝搴旂敤鐨勮寖鍥存湁闄愩傝孴CP/IP鍗忚鏈鏃╁湪璁$畻鏈虹郴緇熶腑瀹炵幇錛屽湪UNIX銆乄indows騫沖彴涓兘鏈夌ǔ瀹氱殑瀹炵幇錛屽茍涓旀彁渚涗簡綆鍗曟柟渚跨殑緙栫▼鎺ュ彛錛圓PI錛夛紝鍙互鍦ㄥ叾涓婂紑鍙戝嚭涓板瘜鐨勫簲鐢ㄧ▼搴忥紝鍥犳寰楀埌浜嗗箍娉涚殑搴旂敤銆俆CP/IP鍗忚宸叉垚涓虹洰鍓嶇綉闄呬簰鑱斾簨瀹炰笂鐨勫浗闄呮爣鍑嗗拰宸ヤ笟鏍囧噯銆?/p>
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