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开源镜像库

paulwong — Mon, 13 Jan 2025 02:32:00 GMT

华�ؓ�Q?br /> https://mirrors.huaweicloud.com/home
https://mirrors.huaweicloud.com/artifactory/pypi-public/simple/torch/

清华:

https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn
点击问号�q�详�?br />
docker:
https://mirrors.huaweicloud.com/mirrorDetail/5ea14d84b58d16ef329c5c13?mirrorName=docker-ce&catalog=docker

paulwong 2025-01-13 10:32 发表评论

linux删除多余的旧内核

paulwong — Sun, 05 Jan 2025 04:01:00 GMT

linux每次升��后都会留下多余的内核, 一键删除的�Ҏ��(Centos):@import url(http://www.tkk7.com/CuteSoft_Client/CuteEditor/Load.ashx?type=style&file=SyntaxHighlighter.css);@import url(/css/cuteeditor.css);

dnf remove $(dnf repoquery --installonly --latest-limit=-2)

paulwong 2025-01-05 12:01 发表评论

REDHEAD 8 LINUX 软�g集合

paulwong — Thu, 23 Jun 2022 09:27:00 GMT

https://access.redhat.com/documentation/en-us/red_hat_enterprise_linux/8/html/deploying_different_types_of_servers/index

paulwong 2022-06-23 17:27 发表评论

LINUX YUM

paulwong — Thu, 23 Jun 2022 09:21:00 GMT

列出某个软�g的所有版本号�Q?br />

yum module list nginx

Red Hat Enterprise Linux 8 for x86_64 - AppStream (RPMs)
Name                                         Stream                                         Profiles                                         Summary
nginx                                        1.14 [d]                                       common [d]                                       nginx webserver
nginx                                        1.16                                           common [d]                                       nginx webserver
nginx                                        1.18                                           common [d]                                       nginx webserver
nginx                                        1.20 [e]                                       common [d]                                       nginx webserver

Hint: [d]efault, [e]nabled, [x]disabled, [i]nstalled

讑֮�某个版本为默认版�?br />

yum module enable nginx:1.20

安装默认版本

yum install nginx

paulwong 2022-06-23 17:21 发表评论

openJDK无法�q�行jmap

paulwong — Thu, 19 May 2022 05:53:00 GMT

https://blog.csdn.net/qq_32447301/article/details/85109014

paulwong 2022-05-19 13:53 发表评论

REDHEAD 7 LINUX 软�g集合

paulwong — Wed, 22 Dec 2021 06:28:00 GMT

https://www.softwarecollections.org/en/

不用再GOOGLE��L��安装�Ҏ��?br />
安装MYSQL�C�Z��Q?br />

# 2. Install the collection:
$ sudo yum install rh-mariadb103

# 3. Start using software collections:
$ scl enable rh-mariadb103 bash

$ service rh-mariadb103-mariadb start 
$ mysql 
$ mysqld

#开机加载命�?br />cp /opt/rh/rh-mariadb103/enable /etc/profile.d/rh-mariadb103.sh

paulwong 2021-12-22 14:28 发表评论

LINUX下��@环读取文件参数�ƈCURL�q�程API

paulwong — Thu, 26 Aug 2021 07:40:00 GMT

一�p�d��参数存于文本文�g�Q�需在LINUX下��@环读取，之后以此参数�q�行CURL�q�程API调用�Q�同旉��记录每次CURL的��L��?br />
参数文�g�Q�test1.json

{"ADDRESS_FREE":"XXX","NAME":{"SURNAME":"XXX","FIRST_NAME":"XXX"}}
{"ADDRESS_FREE":"XXX","NAME":{"SURNAME":"XXX","FIRST_NAME":"XXX"}}
{"ADDRESS_FREE":"XXX","NAME":{"SURNAME":"XXX","FIRST_NAME":"XXX"}}

test1.sh

#! /bin/bash

RESULT_FILE="result.csv"
echo "" > $RESULT_FILE
i=1
while read line || [[ "$line" ]] #In case the file has an incomplete (missing newline) last line, you could use this alternative:
do
    echo "$i"
    printf "$i;$line;" >> $RESULT_FILE
    curl -w %{time_total} -o /dev/null -X POST -H "Content-Type:application/json" -d "$line" http://ip:port  >> $RESULT_FILE
    #printf "\n\r" >> $RESULT_FILE
    echo "" >> $RESULT_FILE
    #i=$(( $i + 1 ))
    (( i++ ))
done < test1.json

Reference:
https://stackoverflow.com/questions/30988586/creating-an-array-from-a-text-file-in-bash

paulwong 2021-08-26 15:40 发表评论

Linux sha512sum command

paulwong — Wed, 14 Jul 2021 05:41:00 GMT

��查file的SHA512��|��

sha512sum [OPTION] [FILE]

paulwong 2021-07-14 13:41 发表评论

NAS vs. SAN - What Are the Differences Between Them

paulwong — Fri, 25 Jun 2021 07:18:00 GMT

https://www.backblaze.com/blog/whats-the-diff-nas-vs-san/

NAS vs. SAN: Differences and Use Cases
https://www.enterprisestorageforum.com/networking/nas-vs-san-differences-and-use-cases/

DAS / NAS / IP SAN / FC SAN区别
https://cloud.tencent.com/developer/article/1580887

paulwong 2021-06-25 15:18 发表评论

Bash get filename from given path on Linux or Unix

paulwong — Fri, 21 May 2021 06:10:00 GMT

https://www.cyberciti.biz/faq/bash-get-filename-from-given-path-on-linux-or-unix/

paulwong 2021-05-21 14:10 发表评论

TCP 連線狀態機制與��程

paulwong — Tue, 29 Dec 2020 02:04:00 GMT

https://dev.twsiyuan.com/2017/09/tcp-states.html
在開發基�?HTTP 的網路應用服務時�Q�當有大量連線要求�Q�或是與長連線 (Persistent connection) 要求時，常常遇到底層 TCP 的連線��L��錯誤�Q�導致服務不�I�定。因此研�I�了�?TCP 的連線狀態機�Ӟ��並嘗試用自己的方式整理筆�a�，希望能從基礎知識中找到解決錯誤的�R�烦�Q�或是�Q何能更進一步優化服務的手段�?/p>

僅紀�?TCP 連線狀態以及徏立或是斷開連線��程�Q�關於進一步的 TCP ��包協定可參�?Reference 連線�?/p>

TCP 建立連線 (Open)

通常�?TCP 連線建立��程與狀態，需要三�ơ的�a�息交換來徏立連線 (three-way handshaking)�Q?/p>

TCP 建立連線��程�?/p>

其中左邊通常�?server�Q�右邊則�?client�Q�文字流�E�描�q�ͼ�

Server 建立 TCB�Q�開啟監聽連線�Q�進入狀�?LISTENING
Client 發出連線要求 SYN�Q�進入狀�?SYN-SENT�Q�等待回�?/li>
Server 收到 SYN 要求�Q�回應連線傳�?nbsp;SYN+ACK�Q�並進入狀�?SYN-RCVD (SYN-RECEIVED)
Client 收到 SYN+ACK ��完成連線進入狀�?ESTABLISHED�Q�並送出 ACK
Server 收到 ACK ��連線完成�Q�也進入狀�?ESTABLISHED
雙方開始傳送交換資�?/li>

該些名詞與狀態說明：

CLOSED�Q�連線關閉狀�?/li>
LISTENING�Q�監聽狀態，被動�{�待連線
SYN-SENT�Q�主動送出連線要求 SYN�Q�並�{�待��方回應
SYN-RCVD�Q�收到連線要求 SYN�Q�送出己方�?SYN+ACK 後，�{�待��方回應
ESTABLISHED�Q�確定完成連線�Q�可開始傌��資料
TCB�Q�Transmission Control Block�Q�see wiki
SYN�Q�Synchronous�Q�表�C��方建立連線的同步符�?/li>
ACK�Q�Acknowledgement�Q�表�C�發送的數據已收到無�?/li>

在徏立連線時，可能會發生雙方同步徏立連線的情�?(Simultaneous open)�Q�常見於 P2P 的應用中�Q�其 TCP 建立連線的流�E�不太一樣：

TCP 同步建立連線��程�?/p>

畫成 TCP 狀態流�E�圖會是這樣�Q?/p>

TCP Open 狀態圖

TCP 斷開連線 (Close)

TCP 關閉��程如下�Q�比建立連線還要複雜一些，需要經過四�ơ的�a�息交換 (four-way handshaking)�Q�要注意的是可以是由 server ��D�v��d��關閉�Q�抑或是 client ��D�v��d��關閉�Q?/p>

TCP 關閉連線��程�?/p>

其中左邊通常�?client 狀�?(�?client ��d��D�v關閉連線)�Q�右邊則�?server 狀態，文字��程描述�Q?/p>

Client 準備關閉連線�Q�發�?nbsp;FIN�Q�進入狀�?FIN-WAIT-1
Server 收到 FIN�Q�發回收到的 ACK�Q�進入狀�?CLOSE-WAIT�Q�並通知 App 準備��L��
Client 收到 ACK�Q�進入狀�?FIN-WAIT-2�Q�等�?server 發出 FIN
Server �� App 處理完斷�R�請求，發出 FIN�Q�並進入狀�?LAST-ACK
Client 收到 FIN�Q�並回傳��?nbsp;ACK�Q�進入狀�?TIME-WAIT�Q�等待時間過後正式關閉連線
Server 收到 ACK�Q�便直接關閉連線

該些名詞與狀態說明：

ESTABLISHED�Q�連線開啟狀�?/li>
CLOSE-WAIT�Q�等待連線關閉狀態，�{�待 App 回應
LAST-ACK�Q�等待連線關閉狀態，�{�待遠端回應 ACK 後，侉K��閉連線
FIN-WAIT-1�Q�等待連線關閉狀態，�{�待遠端回應 ACK
FIN-WAIT-2�Q�等待連線關閉狀態，�{�待遠端回應 FIN
TIME-WAIT�Q�等待連線關閉狀態，�{�段一�D�|��候，保證遠端有收到其 ACK 關閉連線 (�E��\廉��問題)
CLOSED�Q�連線關閉狀�?/li>
FIN�Q�表�C�關閉連線的同步符�?/li>
ACK�Q�Acknowledgement�Q�表�C�發送的數據已收到無�?/li>

有可能連線的雙方同時發起關閉，雖然��率還蠻低的�Q?/p>

TCP 同步關閉連線��程�?/p>

這邊多一個狀態：

CLOSING�Q�等待連線關閉狀態，�{�待遠端回應 ACK

畫成 TCP 狀態流�E�圖會是這樣�Q?/p>

TCP Close 狀態圖

查詢珑֜�電腦�?TCP 狀�?/h2>

查詢目前所有的連線狀�?(Windows & Linux)�Q?/p>

netstat -a

Reference

TCP states - explained
TCP tutorial tcp state diagram for connection establishment closing
The TIME-WAIT state in TCP and Its Effect on Busy Servers
TCP connection status
TCP Operational Overview and the TCP Finite State Machine (FSM)
Transmission Control Protocol

paulwong 2020-12-29 10:04 发表评论

LINUX SHELL之SCL

paulwong — Thu, 05 Nov 2020 08:42:00 GMT

什么是SCL
https://blog.51cto.com/hashlinux/1772066

CentOS/RHEL 开发环境之 devtoolset
http://blog.fungo.me/2016/03/centos-development-env/

How can I make a Red Hat Software Collection persist after a reboot/logout?
https://access.redhat.com/solutions/527703

paulwong 2020-11-05 16:42 发表评论

!!!服务器端各种安装

paulwong — Sat, 24 Oct 2020 15:46:00 GMT

https://www.server-world.info/en/

paulwong 2020-10-24 23:46 发表评论

在LINUX中格式化JSON的工�?jq

paulwong — Mon, 12 Oct 2020 01:55:00 GMT

安装�Q?br />

wget -O jq https://github.com/stedolan/jq/releases/download/jq-1.6/jq-linux64
chmod +x ./jq
cp jq /usr/bin

paulwong 2020-10-12 09:55 发表评论

�U�上JVM工具

paulwong — Fri, 09 Oct 2020 11:12:00 GMT

https://github.com/vipshop/vjtools

paulwong 2020-10-09 19:12 发表评论

linux shell 中检查文件夹是否存在

paulwong — Fri, 25 Sep 2020 03:11:00 GMT

To check if a directory exists in a shell script, you can use the following:

if [ -d "$DIRECTORY" ]; then
# Control will enter here if $DIRECTORY exists.
fi

Or to check if a directory doesn't exist:

if [ ! -d "$DIRECTORY" ]; then
# Control will enter here if $DIRECTORY doesn't exist.
fi

paulwong 2020-09-25 11:11 发表评论

linux shell 中函数的调用

paulwong — Fri, 25 Sep 2020 03:06:00 GMT

function fun1(){
  return 34
}

function fun2(){
  local res=$(fun1)
  echo $res
}

上面调用fun1�Ӟ��打印�l�果却不�q�回34�Q�这是�ؓ何？原来函数只是�q�回�l�果成功与否的��|��q�不能自定义。因此要�Ҏ��下面�q�种写法

function fun1(){
  echo 34
}

function fun2(){
  local res=$(fun1)
  echo $res
}

https://stackoverflow.com/questions/17336915/return-value-in-a-bash-function

paulwong 2020-09-25 11:06 发表评论

paulwong — Thu, 24 Sep 2020 02:52:00 GMT

先在��L��机执行ssh-keygen�Q�再向被控机传输key�Q?br />

ssh-copy-id -i ~/.ssh/id_rsa.pub user1@ip

样例脚本transfer-artemis.sh如下�Q?br />

#!/bin/bash

loop_server(){
    for ((i=2; i<=8; i++))
    do
      ipd=10.10.31.1${i}2
      echo ${ipd}
      $1 ${ipd}
    done

    for ((i=1; i<=2; i++))
    do
      ipd=10.20.31.1${i}2
      echo ${ipd}
      $1 ${ipd}
    done

}

start_artemis_cmd(){
    echo "ssh user1@${1} '/opt/myapp/artemis/apache-artemis-2.15.0/instance/bin/artemis-service start'"
    ssh user1@${1} '/opt/myapp/artemis/apache-artemis-2.15.0/instance/bin/artemis-service start'
}

stop_artemis_cmd(){
    echo "ssh user1@${1} '/opt/myapp/apache-activemq-5.15.10/bin/activemq stop'"
    echo "ssh user1@${1} '/opt/myapp/artemis/apache-artemis-2.15.0/instance/bin/artemis-service stop'"
    ssh user1@${1} '/opt/myapp/apache-activemq-5.15.10/bin/activemq stop'
    ssh user1@${1} '/opt/myapp/artemis/apache-artemis-2.15.0/instance/bin/artemis-service stop'
}

scp_artemis_cmd(){
    echo "ssh user1@${1} 'rm -rf /opt/myapp/artemis'"
    echo "scp -r /opt/myapp/artemis user1@${1}:/opt/myapp/"
    ssh user1@${1} 'rm -rf /opt/myapp/artemis'
    scp -r /opt/myapp/artemis user1@${1}:/opt/myapp/
}

stop_artemis(){
    loop_server stop_artemis_cmd
}

start_artemis(){
    loop_server start_artemis_cmd
}

scp_artemis(){
    loop_server scp_artemis_cmd
}

#start_artemis "Hello start_artemis"

$1

执行命��o�Q?br />

./transfer-artemis.sh start_artemis

paulwong 2020-09-24 10:52 发表评论

linux nohup命��o详解

paulwong — Wed, 02 Sep 2020 03:52:00 GMT

nohup命��o及其输出文�g

nohup命��o�Q�如果你正在�q�行一个进�E�，而且你觉得在退出帐��h��该进�E�还不会�l�束�Q�那么可以��用nohup命��o。该命��o可以在你退出帐�?关闭�l�端之后�l�箋�q�行相应的进�E�。nohup��是不挂��L��意�? n ohang up)�?br />
一般都是在linux下nohup格式�Q?nbsp;

nohup command

或�?br />

nohup command &

�q�之间的差别是带&的命令行�Q�即使terminal�Q�终端）关闭�Q�或者电脑死机程序依然运行（前提是你把程序递交到服务器上）�Q?br />
它把标准输出�Q�STDOUT�Q�和标准错误�Q�STDERR�Q�结果输出到nohup.txt文�g�q�个看似很方便，但是当输出很大的时候，nohup.txt文�g会非常大�Q�或者多个后台命令的时候大安��会输出到nohup.txt文�g�Q�不利于查找�l�果和调试程序�?br />
所以能够重定向输出会非常方�ѝ��下面要介绍标准输出�Q�标准输�?和标准错误了�?br />
其实我们一直都在用�Q�只是没有注意到�Q?nbsp;

比如

>./command.sh > output

#�q�其中的>��是标准输出�W�号�Q�其实是 1>output 的羃�?br />

>./command.sh 2> output

�Q�这里的2>��是��标准错误输出到output文�g里�?br />
�?< 则是标准输入了�?br />
下面步入正题�Q�重定向后台命��o

>nohup ./command.sh > output 2>&1 &

解释�Q�前面的nohup 和后面的&我想大家都能明白了把�?br />
主要是中间的 2>&1的意�?br />
�q�个意思是把标准错误（2�Q�重定向到标准输��Z��Q?�Q�，而标准输出又导入文�goutput里面�Q? www.2cto.com

所以结果是标准错误和标准输出都导入文�goutput里面了�?br />
至于��Z��么需要将标准错误重定向到标准输出的原因，那就归结为标准错误没有缓冲区�Q�而stdout有�?br />
�q�就会导�?>output 2>output 文�goutput被两�ơ打开�Q�而stdout和stderr��会竞争覆盖�Q�这肯定不是我门惌��?

�q�就是�ؓ什么有��Z��写成�Q?br />

nohup ./command.sh >output 2>output

出错的原因了

##########################

最后谈一�?dev/null文�g的作�?br />
�q�是一个无底洞�Q��Q何东襉K��可以定向到这里，但是却无法打开�?br />
所以一般很大的stdou和stderr当你不关心的时候可以利用stdout和stderr定向到这�?br />

>./command.sh >/dev/null 2>&1

paulwong 2020-09-02 11:52 发表评论

如何扑և�LINUX中消耗CPU最大的应用的PID

paulwong — Fri, 14 Aug 2020 03:52:00 GMT

有时查看LINUX�Ӟ��会发现当前CPU消耗连�l�保�?0%�Q�如何找出是哪个应用呢？

top -i //输出应用列表�Q��ƈ隐藏IDEL的应�?br /> P //在列表时�Q�按P�Q�则按CPU的��用排�?/div>

How To Check CPU Utilization In Linux With Command Line
https://phoenixnap.com/kb/check-cpu-usage-load-linux

paulwong 2020-08-14 11:52 发表评论

shell 脚本替换文�g中某个字�W�串

paulwong — Fri, 07 Aug 2020 10:01:00 GMT

1、将当前目录下包含jack串的文�g中，jack字符串替换�ؓtom
sed -i "s/jack/tom/g" `grep "jack" -rl ./`

2、将某个文�g中的jack字符串替换�ؓtom

sed -i "s/jack/tom/g" test.txt

参考连接：http://blog.csdn.net/lizhi200404520/article/details/7968483

paulwong 2020-08-07 18:01 发表评论

paulwong — Fri, 07 Aug 2020 02:27:00 GMT

TCP TIME_WAIT 详解
https://www.zhuxiaodong.net/2018/tcp-time-wait-instruction/

mysql服务器，大量tcp�q�接状态TIME_WAIT
https://www.cnblogs.com/zhjh256/p/6363312.html

linux下释放TIME_WAIT�Ҏ��
https://blog.csdn.net/u013488847/article/details/46421867

paulwong 2020-08-07 10:27 发表评论

paulwong — Wed, 05 Aug 2020 03:32:00 GMT

https://www.thegeekdiary.com/how-to-count-lines-in-a-file-in-unix-linux/

paulwong 2020-08-05 11:32 发表评论

使用ssh-keygen和ssh-copy-id三步实现SSH无密码登�?和ssh常用命��o

paulwong — Fri, 31 Jul 2020 06:19:00 GMT

ssh-keygen 产生公钥与私钥对.

ssh-copy-id ��本机的公钥复制到远�E�机器的authorized_keys文�g中，ssh-copy-id也能让你有到�q�程机器的home, ~./ssh , �?~/.ssh/authorized_keys的权�?/div>
�W�一�?在本地机器上使用ssh-keygen产生公钥�U�钥�?div id="codeText" style="box-sizing: border-box; outline: 0px; margin: 0px; overflow-wrap: break-word;">

zhz@zhz:~/$ ssh-keygen
Generating public/private rsa key pair.
Enter file in which to save the key (/home/zhz/.ssh/id_rsa):
Enter passphrase (empty for no passphrase): [Press enter key
same passphrase again: [Pess enter key]
Your identification has been saved in /home/zhz/.ssh/id_rsa.
Your public key has been saved in /home/zhz/.ssh/id_rsa.pub.
The key fingerprint is:
用cat命��o查看是否生成产生公钥�U�钥�?/li>
zhz@zhz:~$ cat .ssh/id_rsa.pub
ssh-rsa AAAAB3NzaC1yc2EAAAADAQABAAABAQCl9N5+xboqSIagBx02rdZ2fkROCPW8iW7hl6Gu+2hkBYYy/b1qcOm8RF/AMyas3i0QEK7Hcu9H51l2lulVbS5n9M9FaWIyYzssaS012x2mg9iA6MxPMlaXFsZ5jnVrGicndzf3VUu9kCErp5q0OzzMjsG3PKQevzWZJSBaFgc8NF5ZJ+VT54BN8ktMTHVwOo15I2Uai+bs4eP0NsuwIJmGyYIUOuvTuUtJxGV3hZ+tcjhupupqVCwYOE+cDz8VkFBGtnKsdE69hWoY2VUfEOAfHZptra7Ce9dXfDgx9jxuuNiJYtGo/bZDfe+UJ5HUv8wrL+hFeRIihdmP2CKJD8j5 zhz@zhz

�W�二�?用ssh-copy-id��公钥复制到�q�程机器�?div style="box-sizing: border-box; outline: 0px; margin: 0px; overflow-wrap: break-word;">

zhz@zhz:~$ ssh-copy-id -i .ssh/id_rsa.pub 用户名字@192.168.x.xxx

注意: ssh-copy-id ��key写到�q�程机器�?~/ .ssh/authorized_key.文�g�?/p>�W�三�? ��d��?/span>�q�程机器不用输入密码

zhz@zhz:~$ ssh 用户名字@192.168.x.xxx
Last login: Sun Nov 16 17:22:33 2008 from 192.168.1.2

常见问题�Q?/p>

ssh-copy-id -u eucalyptus -i ~eucalyptus/.ssh/id_rsa.pub ssh 用户名字@192.168.x.xxx
�W�一�ơ需要密码登�?br style="box-sizing: border-box; outline: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; overflow-wrap: break-word;" />

上述是给eucalyptus用户赋予无密码登陆的权利

/usr/bin/ssh-copy-id: ERROR: No identities found

使用选项 -i �Q�当没有��g��递的时候或�?nbsp;如果 ~/.ssh/identity.pub 文�g不可讉K��Q�不存在�Q? ssh-copy-id ��显�C�Z��q�的错误信息 �Q?-i选项会优先��用将ssh-add -L的内容）

ssh命��o

1、复制SSH密钥到目标主机，开启无密码SSH��d��

ssh-copy-id user@host

如果�q�没有密钥，请��用ssh-keygen命��o生成�?/p>

2、从某主机的80端口开启到本地��L��2001端口的隧�?/span>

ssh -N -L2001:localhost:80 somemachine

现在你可以直接在��览器中输入http://localhost:2001讉K��q�个�|�站�?/p>

3、将你的麦克风输出到�q�程计算机的扬声�?/span>

dd if=/dev/dsp | ssh -c arcfour -C username@host dd of=/dev/dsp

�q�样来自你麦克风端口的声韛_��在SSH目标计算机的扬声器端口输出，但遗憄��是，声音质量很差�Q�你会听到很多嘶嘶声�?/p>

4、比较远�E�和本地文�g

ssh user@host cat /path/to/remotefile | diff /path/to/localfile –

在比较本地文件和�q�程文�g是否有差异时�q�个命��o很管用�?/p>

5、通过SSH挂蝲目录/文�g�pȝ��

sshfs name@server:/path/to/folder /path/to/mount/point

�?a rel="nofollow" style="box-sizing: border-box; outline: none; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration-line: none; cursor: pointer; color: #6795b5; overflow-wrap: break-word;">http://fuse.sourceforge.net/sshfs.html下蝲sshfs�Q�它允许你跨�|�络安全挂蝲一个目录�?/p>

6、通过中间��L��建立SSH�q�接

ssh -t reachable_host ssh unreachable_host

Unreachable_host表示从本地网�l�无法直接访问的��L��Q�但可以从reachable_host所在网�l�访问，�q�个命��o通过到reachable_host�?#8220;隐藏”�q�接�Q�创��v到unreachable_host的连接�?/p>

7、将你的SSH公钥复制到远�E�主机，开启无密码��d�� – ��单的�Ҏ��

ssh-copy-id username@hostname

8、直接连接到只能通过��L��B�q�接的主机A

ssh -t hostA ssh hostB

当然�Q�你要能讉K��L��A才行�?/p>

9、创建到目标��L��的持久化�q�接

ssh -MNf @

在后台创建到目标��L��的持久化�q�接�Q�将�q�个命��o和你~/.ssh/config中的配置�l�合使用�Q?/p>

Host host ControlPath ~/.ssh/master-%r@%h:%p ControlMaster no

所有到目标��L��的SSH�q�接都将使用持久化SSH套接字，如果你��用SSH定期同步文�g�Q��用rsync/sftp/cvs/svn�Q�，�q�个命��o��非常有用，因�ؓ每次打开一个SSH�q�接时不会创建新的套接字�?/p>

10、通过SSH�q�接屏幕

ssh -t remote_host screen –r

直接�q�接到远�E�屏�q�会话（节省了无用的父bash�q�程�Q��?/p>

11、端口检��（敲门�Q?/span>

knock  3000 4000 5000 && ssh -p  user@host && knock  5000 4000 3000

在一个端口上敲一下打开某个服务的端口（如SSH�Q�，再敲一下关闭该端口�Q�需要先安装knockd�Q�下面是一个配�|�文件示例�?/p>

[options] logfile = /var/log/knockd.log [openSSH] sequence = 3000,4000,5000 seq_timeout = 5 command = /sbin/iptables -A INPUT -i eth0 -s %IP% -p tcp –dport 22 -j ACCEPT tcpflags = syn [closeSSH] sequence = 5000,4000,3000 seq_timeout = 5 command = /sbin/iptables -D INPUT -i eth0 -s %IP% -p tcp –dport 22 -j ACCEPT tcpflags = syn

12、删除文本文件中的一行内容，有用的修�?/span>

ssh-keygen -R

在这�U�情况下�Q�最好��用专业的工具�?/p>

13、通过SSH�q�行复杂的远�E�shell命��o

ssh host -l user $(更具�U�L��性的版本�Q?/p>
ssh host -l user “`cat cmd.txt`”
14、通过SSH���MySQL数据库复制到新服务器
mysqldump –add-drop-table –extended-insert –force –log-error=error.log -uUSER -pPASS OLD_DB_NAME | ssh -C user@newhost “mysql -uUSER -pPASS NEW_DB_NAME”
通过压羃的SSH隧道Dump一个MySQL数据库，���其作�ؓ输入传递给mysql命��o�Q�我认�ؓ�q�是�q�移数据库到新服务器最快最好的�Ҏ���?/p>
15、删除文本文件中的一行，修复“SSH��L��密钥更改”的警�?/span>
sed -i 8d ~/.ssh/known_hosts
16、从一台没有SSH-COPY-ID命��o的主机将你的SSH公钥复制到服务器
cat ~/.ssh/id_rsa.pub | ssh user@machine “mkdir ~/.ssh; cat >> ~/.ssh/authorized_keys”
如果你��用Mac OS X或其它没有ssh-copy-id命��o�?nix变种�Q�这个命令可以将你的公钥复制到远�E�主机，因此你照样可以实现无密码SSH��d���?/p>
17、实时SSH�|�络吞吐量测�?/span>
yes | pv | ssh $host “cat > /dev/null”
通过SSH�q�接��C��机，昄���实时的传输速度�Q�将所有传输数据指�?dev/null�Q�需要先安装pv�?/p>
如果是Debian�Q?/p>
apt-get install pv
如果是Fedora�Q?/p>
yum install pv
�Q�可能需要启用额外的软�g仓库�Q��?/p>
18、如果徏立一个可以重新连接的�q�程GNU screen
ssh -t user@some.domain.com /usr/bin/screen –xRR
��Z����L��喜欢在一个文本终端中打开许多shell�Q�如果会话突然中断，或你按下�?#8220;Ctrl-a d”�Q�远�E�主��Z��的shell不会受到丝毫影响�Q�你可以重新�q�接�Q�其它有用的screen命��o�?#8220;Ctrl-a c”�Q�打开新的shell�Q�和“Ctrl-a a”�Q�在shell之间来回切换�Q�，误���问http://aperiodic.net/screen/quick_reference阅读更多关于screen命��o的快速参考�?/p>
19、���l�SCP大文�?/span>
rsync –partial –progress –rsh=ssh $file_source $user@$host:$destination_file
它可以恢复失败的rsync命��o�Q�当你通过VPN传输大文�Ӟ��如备份的数据库时�q�个命��o非常有用�Q�需要在两边的主��Z��安装rsync�?/p>
rsync –partial –progress –rsh=ssh $file_source $user@$host:$destination_file local -> remote
�?/p>
rsync –partial –progress –rsh=ssh $user@$host:$remote_file $destination_file remote -> local
20、通过SSH W/ WIRESHARK分析���量
ssh root@server.com ‘tshark -f “port !22″ -w -' | wireshark -k -i –
使用tshark捕捉�q�程��L��上的�|�络通信�Q�通过SSH�q�接发送原始pcap数据�Q��ƈ在wireshark中显�C�，按下Ctrl+C���停止捕捉，但也会关闭wireshark�H�口�Q�可以传递一�?#8220;-c #”参数�l�tshark�Q�让它只捕捉“#”指定的数据包�c�d���Q�或通过命名���道重定向数据，而不是直接通过SSH传输�l�wireshark�Q�我�����你过滤数据包�Q�以节约带宽�Q�tshark可以使用tcpdump替代�Q?/p>
ssh root@example.com tcpdump -w – ‘port !22′ | wireshark -k -i –
21、保持SSH会话�怹�打开
autossh -M50000 -t server.example.com ‘screen -raAd mysession’
打开一个SSH会话后，让其保持�怹�打开�Q�对于��用笔记本电脑的用��P��如果需要在Wi-Fi热点之间切换�Q�可以保证切换后不会丢失�q�接�?/p>
22、更�E�_���Q�更快，更强的SSH客户�?/span>
ssh -4 -C -c blowfish-cbc
强制使用IPv4�Q�压�~�数据流�Q���用Blowfish加密�?/p>
23、��用cstream控制带宽
tar -cj /backup | cstream -t 777k | ssh host ‘tar -xj -C /backup’
使用bzip压羃文�g夹，然后�?77k bit/s速率向远�E�主��Z��输。Cstream�q�有更多的功能，误���问http://www.cons.org/cracauer/cstream.html#usage了解详情�Q�例如：
echo w00t, i’m 733+ | cstream -b1 -t2
24、一步将SSH公钥传输到另一台机�?/span>
ssh-keygen; ssh-copy-id user@host; ssh user@host
�q�个命��o�l�合允许你无密码SSH��d���Q�注意，如果在本地机器的~/.ssh目录下已�l�有一个SSH密钥对，ssh-keygen命��o生成的新密钥可能会覆盖它们，ssh-copy-id���密钥复制到�q�程��L���Q��ƈ�q�加到远�E��̎��L��~/.ssh/authorized_keys文�g中，使用SSH�q�接�Ӟ��如果你没有��用密钥口令，调用ssh user@host后不久就会显�C�����E�shell�?/p>
25、将标准输入�Q�stdin�Q�复制到你的X11�~�冲�?/span>
ssh user@host cat /path/to/some/file | xclip
你是否��用scp���文件复制到工作用电脑上�Q�以便复制其内容到电子邮件中�Q�xclip可以帮到你，它可以将标准输入复制到X11�~�冲区，你需要做的就是点击鼠标中键粘贴缓冲区中的内容�?/p>
如果你还有其它SSH命��o技巧，�Ƣ迎在本文评��Z��帖出�?/p>
原文�Q?a  rel="nofollow" style="box-sizing: border-box; outline: none; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration-line: none; cursor: pointer; color: #6795b5; overflow-wrap: break-word;">http://blog.urfix.com/25-ssh-commands-tricks/






paulwong 2020-07-31 14:19 发表评论

一�ơ删除前5个以外的其他文�g夹的SHELL

paulwong — Mon, 27 Jul 2020 03:35:00 GMT

子文件夹按字母排倒序�Q�只保留�?个，其他的删除�?br />

find path/to/folder/ -mindepth 1 -maxdepth 1 -type d | head -n -5 | xargs rm -rf

-find: the unix command for finding files / directories / links etc.
-/path/to/base/dir: the directory to start your search in.
-mindepth 1 -maxdepth 1 only search the first sub folder
-type d: only find directories
-head -n -5: Filter out all lines except the last 5
-xargs rm -rf: remove each given folder.

paulwong 2020-07-27 11:35 发表评论

一�ơ删�?0天前的文件夹的SHELL

paulwong — Mon, 27 Jul 2020 02:48:00 GMT

find /path/to/base -mindepth 1 -maxdepth 1 -type d -ctime +10 | xargs rm -rf

-find: the unix command for finding files / directories / links etc.
/path/to/base/dir: the directory to start your search in.
-type d: only find directories
-ctime +10: only consider the ones with modification time older than 10 days
-exec \;: for each such result found, do the following command in
-rm -rf dir1 dir2 dir3

https://stackoverflow.com/questions/13868821/shell-script-to-delete-directories-older-than-n-days

paulwong 2020-07-27 10:48 发表评论

LINUX SHELL

paulwong — Mon, 06 Jul 2020 01:23:00 GMT

!!
https://tecadmin.net/tutorial/bash-scripting/

Shell 教程
https://www.runoob.com/linux/linux-shell.html

Check existence of input argument in a Bash shell script
https://stackoverflow.com/questions/6482377/check-existence-of-input-argument-in-a-bash-shell-script

How to Check if a File or Directory Exists in Bash
https://linuxize.com/post/bash-check-if-file-exists/

bash string compare to multiple correct values
https://stackoverflow.com/questions/21157435/bash-string-compare-to-multiple-correct-values

Bash – Check If Two Strings are Equal
https://tecadmin.net/tutorial/bash/examples/check-if-two-strings-are-equal/

paulwong 2020-07-06 09:23 发表评论

How To Run Java Jar Application with Systemd on Linux

paulwong — Mon, 11 May 2020 08:16:00 GMT

https://computingforgeeks.com/how-to-run-java-jar-application-with-systemd-on-linux/

systemd自启动java�E�序
https://www.cnblogs.com/yoyotl/p/8178363.html
------------------------------------------------------------

[Unit]
Description=TestJava
After=network.target

[Service]
Type=forking
ExecStart=/home/test/startTest.sh
ExecStop=/home/test/stopTest.sh

[Install]
WantedBy=multi-user.target

-------------------------------------------------------------
How to Autorun application at the start up in Linux
https://developer.toradex.com/knowledge-base/how-to-autorun-application-at-the-start-up-in-linux

How to automatically run program on Linux startup
https://www.simplified.guide/linux/automatically-run-program-on-startup

Systemd 入门教程�Q�实战篇
https://www.ruanyifeng.com/blog/2016/03/systemd-tutorial-part-two.html

Systemd 入门教程�Q�命令篇

http://www.ruanyifeng.com/blog/2016/03/systemd-tutorial-commands.html

paulwong 2020-05-11 16:16 发表评论

How to disable IPv6 on CentOS / RHEL 7

paulwong — Wed, 06 May 2020 04:42:00 GMT

https://www.thegeekdiary.com/centos-rhel-7-how-to-disable-ipv6/

https://linuxconfig.org/redhat-8-enable-disable-ipv6

paulwong 2020-05-06 12:42 发表评论

How To Count Files in Directory on Linux

paulwong — Tue, 05 May 2020 09:01:00 GMT

https://devconnected.com/how-to-count-files-in-directory-on-linux/

paulwong 2020-05-05 17:01 发表评论