Java 鐨勮繖涓鑳藉姏鍦ㄥ疄闄呭簲鐢ㄤ腑涔熻鐢ㄥ緱涓嶆槸寰堝錛屼絾鏄湪鍏跺畠鐨勭▼搴忚璁¤璦涓牴鏈氨涓嶅瓨鍦ㄨ繖涓鐗規(guī)с備緥濡傦紝Pascal銆丆 鎴栬?C++ 涓氨娌℃湁鍔炴硶鍦ㄧ▼搴忎腑鑾峰緱鍑芥暟瀹氫箟鐩稿叧鐨勪俊鎭?
JavaBean 鏄?reflection 鐨勫疄闄呭簲鐢ㄤ箣涓錛屽畠鑳借涓浜涘伐鍏峰彲瑙嗗寲鐨勬搷浣滆蔣浠剁粍浠躲傝繖浜涘伐鍏烽氳繃 reflection 鍔ㄦ佺殑杞藉叆騫跺彇寰?Java 緇勪歡(綾? 鐨勫睘鎬с?
1. 涓涓畝鍗曠殑渚嬪瓙
鑰冭檻涓嬮潰榪欎釜綆鍗曠殑渚嬪瓙錛岃鎴戜滑鐪嬬湅 reflection 鏄浣曞伐浣滅殑銆?
import java.lang.reflect.*;
public class DumpMethods {
public static void main(String args[]) {
try {
Class c = Class.forName(args[0]);
Method m[] = c.getDeclaredMethods();
for (int i = 0; i < m.length; i++)
System.out.println(m[i].toString());
} catch (Throwable e) {
System.err.println(e);
}
}
}
鎸夊涓嬭鍙ユ墽琛岋細(xì)
java DumpMethods java.util.Stack
瀹冪殑緇撴灉杈撳嚭涓猴細(xì)
public java.lang.Object java.util.Stack.push(java.lang.Object)
public synchronized java.lang.Object java.util.Stack.pop()
public synchronized java.lang.Object java.util.Stack.peek()
public boolean java.util.Stack.empty()
public synchronized int java.util.Stack.search(java.lang.Object)
榪欐牱灝卞垪鍑轟簡(jiǎn)java.util.Stack 綾葷殑鍚勬柟娉曞悕浠ュ強(qiáng)瀹冧滑鐨勯檺鍒剁鍜岃繑鍥炵被鍨嬨?
榪欎釜紼嬪簭浣跨敤 Class.forName 杞藉叆鎸囧畾鐨勭被錛岀劧鍚庤皟鐢?getDeclaredMethods 鏉ヨ幏鍙栬繖涓被涓畾涔変簡(jiǎn)鐨勬柟娉曞垪琛ㄣ俲ava.lang.reflect.Methods 鏄敤鏉ユ弿榪版煇涓被涓崟涓柟娉曠殑涓涓被銆?
2.寮濮嬩嬌鐢?Reflection
鐢ㄤ簬 reflection 鐨勭被錛屽 Method錛屽彲浠ュ湪 java.lang.relfect 鍖呬腑鎵懼埌銆備嬌鐢ㄨ繖浜涚被鐨勬椂鍊欏繀欏昏閬靛驚涓変釜姝ラ錛氱涓姝ユ槸鑾峰緱浣犳兂鎿嶄綔鐨勭被鐨?java.lang.Class 瀵硅薄銆傚湪榪愯涓殑 Java 紼嬪簭涓紝鐢?java.lang.Class 綾繪潵鎻忚堪綾誨拰鎺ュ彛絳夈?
涓嬮潰灝辨槸鑾峰緱涓涓?Class 瀵硅薄鐨勬柟娉曚箣涓錛?
Class c = Class.forName("java.lang.String");
榪欐潯璇彞寰楀埌涓涓?String 綾葷殑綾誨璞°傝繕鏈夊彟涓縐嶆柟娉曪紝濡備笅闈㈢殑璇彞錛?
Class c = int.class;
鎴栬?
Class c = Integer.TYPE;
瀹冧滑鍙幏寰楀熀鏈被鍨嬬殑綾諱俊鎭傚叾涓悗涓縐嶆柟娉曚腑璁塊棶鐨勬槸鍩烘湰綾誨瀷鐨勫皝瑁呯被 (濡?Integer) 涓鍏堝畾涔夊ソ鐨?TYPE 瀛楁銆?
絎簩姝ユ槸璋冪敤璇稿 getDeclaredMethods 鐨勬柟娉曪紝浠ュ彇寰楄綾諱腑瀹氫箟鐨勬墍鏈夋柟娉曠殑鍒楄〃銆?
涓鏃﹀彇寰楄繖涓俊鎭紝灝卞彲浠ヨ繘琛岀涓夋浜?jiǎn)鈥斺斾嬌鐢?reflection API 鏉ユ搷浣滆繖浜涗俊鎭紝濡備笅闈㈣繖孌典唬鐮侊細(xì)
Class c = Class.forName("java.lang.String");
Method m[] = c.getDeclaredMethods();
System.out.println(m[0].toString());
瀹冨皢浠ユ枃鏈柟寮忔墦鍗板嚭 String 涓畾涔夌殑絎竴涓柟娉曠殑鍘熷瀷銆?
鍦ㄤ笅闈㈢殑渚嬪瓙涓紝榪欎笁涓楠ゅ皢涓轟嬌鐢?reflection 澶勭悊鐗規(guī)畩搴旂敤紼嬪簭鎻愪緵渚嬭瘉銆?
妯℃嫙 instanceof 鎿嶄綔絎?
寰楀埌綾諱俊鎭箣鍚庯紝閫氬父涓嬩竴涓楠ゅ氨鏄В鍐沖叧浜?Class 瀵硅薄鐨勪竴浜涘熀鏈殑闂銆備緥濡傦紝Class.isInstance 鏂規(guī)硶鍙互鐢ㄤ簬妯℃嫙 instanceof 鎿嶄綔絎︼細(xì)
class A {
}
public class instance1 {
public static void main(String args[]) {
try {
Class cls = Class.forName("A");
boolean b1 = cls.isInstance(new Integer(37));
System.out.println(b1);
boolean b2 = cls.isInstance(new A());
System.out.println(b2);
} catch (Throwable e) {
System.err.println(e);
}
}
}
鍦ㄨ繖涓緥瀛愪腑鍒涘緩浜?jiǎn)涓涓?A 綾葷殑 Class 瀵硅薄錛岀劧鍚庢鏌ヤ竴浜涘璞℃槸鍚︽槸 A 鐨勫疄渚嬨侷nteger(37) 涓嶆槸錛屼絾 new A() 鏄?
3.鎵懼嚭綾葷殑鏂規(guī)硶
鎵懼嚭涓涓被涓畾涔変簡(jiǎn)浜涗粈涔堟柟娉曪紝榪欐槸涓涓潪甯告湁浠峰間篃闈炲父鍩虹鐨?reflection 鐢ㄦ硶銆備笅闈㈢殑浠ｇ爜灝卞疄鐜頒簡(jiǎn)榪欎竴鐢ㄦ硶錛?
import java.lang.reflect.*;
public class method1 {
private int f1(Object p, int x) throws NullPointerException {
if (p == null)
throw new NullPointerException();
return x;
}
public static void main(String args[]) {
try {
Class cls = Class.forName("method1");
Method methlist[] = cls.getDeclaredMethods();
for (int i = 0; i < methlist.length; i++) {
Method m = methlist[i];
System.out.println("name = " + m.getName());
System.out.println("decl class = " + m.getDeclaringClass());
Class pvec[] = m.getParameterTypes();
for (int j = 0; j < pvec.length; j++)
System.out.println("param #" + j + " " + pvec[j]);
Class evec[] = m.getExceptionTypes();
for (int j = 0; j < evec.length; j++)
System.out.println("exc #" + j + " " + evec[j]);
System.out.println("return type = " + m.getReturnType());
System.out.println("-----");
}
} catch (Throwable e) {
System.err.println(e);
}
}
}
榪欎釜紼嬪簭棣栧厛鍙栧緱 method1 綾葷殑鎻忚堪錛岀劧鍚庤皟鐢?getDeclaredMethods 鏉ヨ幏鍙栦竴緋誨垪鐨?Method 瀵硅薄錛屽畠浠垎鍒弿榪頒簡(jiǎn)瀹氫箟鍦ㄧ被涓殑姣忎竴涓柟娉曪紝鍖呮嫭 public 鏂規(guī)硶銆乸rotected 鏂規(guī)硶銆乸ackage 鏂規(guī)硶鍜?private 鏂規(guī)硶絳夈傚鏋滀綘鍦ㄧ▼搴忎腑浣跨敤 getMethods 鏉ヤ唬鏇?getDeclaredMethods錛屼綘榪樿兘鑾峰緱緇ф壙鏉ョ殑鍚勪釜鏂規(guī)硶鐨勪俊鎭?
鍙栧緱浜?Method 瀵硅薄鍒楄〃涔嬪悗錛岃鏄劇ず榪欎簺鏂規(guī)硶鐨勫弬鏁扮被鍨嬨佸紓甯哥被鍨嬪拰榪斿洖鍊肩被鍨嬬瓑灝變笉闅句簡(jiǎn)銆傝繖浜涚被鍨嬫槸鍩烘湰綾誨瀷榪樻槸綾葷被鍨嬶紝閮藉彲浠ョ敱鎻忚堪綾葷殑瀵硅薄鎸夐『搴忕粰鍑恒?
杈撳嚭鐨勭粨鏋滃涓嬶細(xì)
name = f1
decl class = class method1
param #0 class java.lang.Object
param #1 int
exc #0 class java.lang.NullPointerException
return type = int
-----
name = main
decl class = class method1
param #0 class [Ljava.lang.String;
return type = void
-----
4.鑾峰彇鏋勯犲櫒淇℃伅
鑾峰彇綾繪瀯閫犲櫒鐨勭敤娉曚笌涓婅堪鑾峰彇鏂規(guī)硶鐨勭敤娉曠被浼鹼紝濡傦細(xì)
import java.lang.reflect.*;
public class constructor1 {
public constructor1() {
}
protected constructor1(int i, double d) {
}
public static void main(String args[]) {
try {
Class cls = Class.forName("constructor1");
Constructor ctorlist[] = cls.getDeclaredConstructors();
for (int i = 0; i < ctorlist.length; i++) {
Constructor ct = ctorlist[i];
System.out.println("name = " + ct.getName());
System.out.println("decl class = " + ct.getDeclaringClass());
Class pvec[] = ct.getParameterTypes();
for (int j = 0; j < pvec.length; j++)
System.out.println("param #" + j + " " + pvec[j]);
Class evec[] = ct.getExceptionTypes();
for (int j = 0; j < evec.length; j++)
System.out.println("exc #" + j + " " + evec[j]);
System.out.println("-----");
}
} catch (Throwable e) {
System.err.println(e);
}
}
}
榪欎釜渚嬪瓙涓病鑳借幏寰楄繑鍥炵被鍨嬬殑鐩稿叧淇℃伅錛岄偅鏄洜涓烘瀯閫犲櫒娌℃湁榪斿洖綾誨瀷銆?
榪欎釜紼嬪簭榪愯鐨勭粨鏋滄槸錛?
name = constructor1
decl class = class constructor1
-----
name = constructor1
decl class = class constructor1
param #0 int
param #1 double
-----
5.鑾峰彇綾葷殑瀛楁(鍩?
鎵懼嚭涓涓被涓畾涔変簡(jiǎn)鍝簺鏁版嵁瀛楁涔熸槸鍙兘鐨勶紝涓嬮潰鐨勪唬鐮佸氨鍦ㄥ共榪欎釜浜嬫儏錛?
import java.lang.reflect.*;
public class field1 {
private double d;
public static final int i = 37;
String s = "testing";
public static void main(String args[]) {
try {
Class cls = Class.forName("field1");
Field fieldlist[] = cls.getDeclaredFields();
for (int i = 0; i < fieldlist.length; i++) {
Field fld = fieldlist[i];
System.out.println("name = " + fld.getName());
System.out.println("decl class = " + fld.getDeclaringClass());
System.out.println("type = " + fld.getType());
int mod = fld.getModifiers();
System.out.println("modifiers = " + Modifier.toString(mod));
System.out.println("-----");
}
} catch (Throwable e) {
System.err.println(e);
}
}
} [page]
榪欎釜渚嬪瓙鍜屽墠闈㈤偅涓緥瀛愰潪甯哥浉浼箋備緥涓嬌鐢ㄤ簡(jiǎn)涓涓柊涓滆タ Modifier錛屽畠涔熸槸涓涓?reflection 綾伙紝鐢ㄦ潵鎻忚堪瀛楁鎴愬憳鐨勪慨楗拌錛屽鈥減rivate int鈥濄傝繖浜涗慨楗拌鑷韓鐢辨暣鏁版弿榪幫紝鑰屼笖浣跨敤 Modifier.toString 鏉ヨ繑鍥炰互鈥滃畼鏂光濋『搴忔帓鍒楃殑瀛楃涓叉弿榪?(濡傗渟tatic鈥濆湪鈥渇inal鈥濅箣鍓?銆傝繖涓▼搴忕殑杈撳嚭鏄細(xì)
name = d
decl class = class field1
type = double
modifiers = private
-----
name = i
decl class = class field1
type = int
modifiers = public static final
-----
name = s
decl class = class field1
type = class java.lang.String
modifiers =
-----
鍜岃幏鍙栨柟娉曠殑鎯呭喌涓涓嬶紝鑾峰彇瀛楁鐨勬椂鍊欎篃鍙互鍙彇寰楀湪褰撳墠綾諱腑鐢蟲(chóng)槑浜?jiǎn)鐨勫瓧娈典俊鎭?(getDeclaredFields)錛屾垨鑰呬篃鍙互鍙栧緱鐖剁被涓畾涔夌殑瀛楁 (getFields) 銆?
6.鏍規(guī)嵁鏂規(guī)硶鐨勫悕縐版潵鎵ц鏂規(guī)硶
鏂囨湰鍒拌繖閲岋紝鎵涓劇殑渚嬪瓙鏃犱竴渚嬪閮戒笌濡備綍鑾峰彇綾葷殑淇℃伅鏈夊叧銆傛垜浠篃鍙互鐢?reflection 鏉ュ仛涓浜涘叾瀹冪殑浜嬫儏錛屾瘮濡傛墽琛屼竴涓寚瀹氫簡(jiǎn)鍚嶇О鐨勬柟娉曘備笅闈㈢殑紺轟緥婕旂ず浜?jiǎn)杩欎竴鎿嶄綔錛?
import java.lang.reflect.*;
public class method2 {
public int add(int a, int b) {
return a + b;
}
public static void main(String args[]) {
try {
Class cls = Class.forName("method2");
Class partypes[] = new Class[2];
partypes[0] = Integer.TYPE;
partypes[1] = Integer.TYPE;
Method meth = cls.getMethod("add", partypes);
method2 methobj = new method2();
Object arglist[] = new Object[2];
arglist[0] = new Integer(37);
arglist[1] = new Integer(47);
Object retobj = meth.invoke(methobj, arglist);
Integer retval = (Integer) retobj;
System.out.println(retval.intValue());
} catch (Throwable e) {
System.err.println(e);
}
}
}
鍋囧涓涓▼搴忓湪鎵ц鐨勬煇澶勭殑鏃跺欐墠鐭ラ亾闇瑕佹墽琛屾煇涓柟娉曪紝榪欎釜鏂規(guī)硶鐨勫悕縐版槸鍦ㄧ▼搴忕殑榪愯榪囩▼涓寚瀹氱殑 (渚嬪錛孞avaBean 寮鍙戠幆澧冧腑灝變細(xì)鍋氳繖鏍風(fēng)殑浜?錛岄偅涔堜笂闈㈢殑紼嬪簭婕旂ず浜?jiǎn)濡備綍鍋氬埌銆?
涓婁緥涓紝getMethod 鐢ㄤ簬鏌ユ壘涓涓叿鏈変袱涓暣鍨嬪弬鏁頒笖鍚嶄負(fù) add 鐨勬柟娉曘傛壘鍒拌鏂規(guī)硶騫跺垱寤轟簡(jiǎn)鐩稿簲鐨?Method 瀵硅薄涔嬪悗錛屽湪姝ｇ‘鐨勫璞″疄渚嬩腑鎵ц瀹冦傛墽琛岃鏂規(guī)硶鐨勬椂鍊欙紝闇瑕佹彁渚涗竴涓弬鏁板垪琛紝榪欏湪涓婁緥涓槸鍒嗗埆鍖呰浜?jiǎn)鏁存?37 鍜?47 鐨勪袱涓?Integer 瀵硅薄銆傛墽琛屾柟娉曠殑榪斿洖鐨勫悓鏍鋒槸涓涓?Integer 瀵硅薄錛屽畠?yōu)畞瑁呬簡(jiǎn)杩斿洖鍊?84銆?
7.鍒涘緩鏂扮殑瀵硅薄
瀵逛簬鏋勯犲櫒錛屽垯涓嶈兘鍍忔墽琛屾柟娉曢偅鏍瘋繘琛岋紝鍥犱負(fù)鎵ц涓涓瀯閫犲櫒灝辨剰鍛崇潃鍒涘緩浜?jiǎn)涓涓柊鐨勫璞?(鍑嗙‘鐨勮錛屽垱寤轟竴涓璞＄殑榪囩▼鍖呮嫭鍒嗛厤鍐呭瓨鍜屾瀯閫犲璞?銆傛墍浠ワ紝涓庝笂渚嬫渶鐩鎬技鐨勪緥瀛愬涓嬶細(xì)
import java.lang.reflect.*;
public class constructor2 {
public constructor2() {
}
public constructor2(int a, int b) {
System.out.println("a = " + a + " b = " + b);
}
public static void main(String args[]) {
try {
Class cls = Class.forName("constructor2");
Class partypes[] = new Class[2];
partypes[0] = Integer.TYPE;
partypes[1] = Integer.TYPE;
Constructor ct = cls.getConstructor(partypes);
Object arglist[] = new Object[2];
arglist[0] = new Integer(37);
arglist[1] = new Integer(47);
Object retobj = ct.newInstance(arglist);
} catch (Throwable e) {
System.err.println(e);
}
}
}
鏍規(guī)嵁鎸囧畾鐨勫弬鏁扮被鍨嬫壘鍒扮浉搴旂殑鏋勯犲嚱鏁板茍鎵ц瀹冿紝浠ュ垱寤轟竴涓柊鐨勫璞″疄渚嬨備嬌鐢ㄨ繖縐嶆柟娉曞彲浠ュ湪紼嬪簭榪愯鏃跺姩鎬佸湴鍒涘緩瀵硅薄錛岃屼笉鏄湪緙栬瘧鐨勬椂鍊欏垱寤哄璞★紝榪欎竴鐐歸潪甯告湁浠峰箋?
8.鏀瑰彉瀛楁(鍩?鐨勫?
reflection 鐨勮繕鏈変竴涓敤澶勫氨鏄敼鍙樺璞℃暟鎹瓧孌電殑鍊箋俽eflection 鍙互浠庢鍦ㄨ繍琛岀殑紼嬪簭涓牴鎹悕縐版壘鍒板璞＄殑瀛楁騫舵敼鍙樺畠錛屼笅闈㈢殑渚嬪瓙鍙互璇存槑榪欎竴鐐癸細(xì)
import java.lang.reflect.*;
public class field2 {
public double d;
public static void main(String args[]) {
try {
Class cls = Class.forName("field2");
Field fld = cls.getField("d");
field2 f2obj = new field2();
System.out.println("d = " + f2obj.d);
fld.setDouble(f2obj, 12.34);
System.out.println("d = " + f2obj.d);
} catch (Throwable e) {
System.err.println(e);
}
}
}
榪欎釜渚嬪瓙涓紝瀛楁 d 鐨勫艱鍙樹(shù)負(fù)浜?12.34銆?
9.浣跨敤鏁扮粍
鏈枃浠嬬粛鐨?reflection 鐨勬渶鍚庝竴縐嶇敤娉曟槸鍒涘緩鐨勬搷浣滄暟緇勩傛暟緇勫湪 Java 璇█涓槸涓縐嶇壒孌婄殑綾葷被鍨嬶紝涓涓暟緇勭殑寮曠敤鍙互璧嬬粰 Object 寮曠敤銆傝瀵熶笅闈㈢殑渚嬪瓙鐪嬬湅鏁扮粍鏄庝箞宸ヤ綔鐨勶細(xì)
import java.lang.reflect.*;
public class array1 {
public static void main(String args[]) {
try {
Class cls = Class.forName("java.lang.String");
Object arr = Array.newInstance(cls, 10);
Array.set(arr, 5, "this is a test");
String s = (String) Array.get(arr, 5);
System.out.println(s);
} catch (Throwable e) {
System.err.println(e);
}
}
}
渚嬩腑鍒涘緩浜?10 涓崟浣嶉暱搴︾殑 String 鏁扮粍錛屼負(fù)絎?5 涓綅緗殑瀛楃涓茶祴浜?jiǎn)鍊鹼紝鏈鍚庡皢榪欎釜瀛楃涓蹭粠鏁扮粍涓彇寰楀茍鎵撳嵃浜?jiǎn)鍑烘潵銆?
涓嬮潰榪欐浠ｇ爜鎻愪緵浜?jiǎn)涓涓洿澶嶆潅鐨勪緥瀛愶細(xì)
import java.lang.reflect.*;
public class array2 {
public static void main(String args[]) {
int dims[] = new int[]{5, 10, 15};
Object arr = Array.newInstance(Integer.TYPE, dims);
Object arrobj = Array.get(arr, 3);
Class cls = arrobj.getClass().getComponentType();
System.out.println(cls);
arrobj = Array.get(arrobj, 5);
Array.setInt(arrobj, 10, 37);
int arrcast[][][] = (int[][][]) arr;
System.out.println(arrcast[3][5][10]);
}
}
渚嬩腑鍒涘緩浜?jiǎn)涓涓?5 x 10 x 15 鐨勬暣鍨嬫暟緇勶紝騫朵負(fù)澶勪簬 [3][5][10] 鐨勫厓绱犺祴浜?jiǎn)鍊間負(fù) 37銆傛敞鎰忥紝澶氱淮鏁扮粍瀹為檯涓婂氨鏄暟緇勭殑鏁扮粍錛屼緥濡傦紝絎竴涓?Array.get 涔嬪悗錛宎rrobj 鏄竴涓?10 x 15 鐨勬暟緇勩傝繘鑰屽彇寰楀叾涓殑涓涓厓绱狅紝鍗抽暱搴︿負(fù) 15 鐨勬暟緇勶紝騫朵嬌鐢?Array.setInt 涓哄畠鐨勭 10 涓厓绱犺祴鍊箋?
娉ㄦ剰鍒涘緩鏁扮粍鏃剁殑綾誨瀷鏄姩鎬佺殑錛屽湪緙栬瘧鏃跺茍涓嶇煡閬撳叾綾誨瀷銆?
10.灝忕粨
Java reflection 闈炲父鏈夌敤錛屽畠浣跨被鍜屾暟鎹粨鏋勮兘鎸夊悕縐板姩鎬佹绱㈢浉鍏充俊鎭紝騫跺厑璁稿湪榪愯鐫鐨勭▼搴忎腑鎿嶄綔榪欎簺淇℃伅銆侸ava 鐨勮繖涓鐗規(guī)ч潪甯稿己澶э紝騫朵笖鏄叾瀹冧竴浜涘父璇█錛屽 C銆丆++銆丗ortran 鎴栬?Pascal 絳夐兘涓嶅叿澶囩殑銆?br />
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