锘??xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8" standalone="yes"?>
Roger L. Costello
David B. Jacobs
浠涔堟椂鍊欎嬌鐢?/span>rdf:ID錛熶粈涔堟椂鍊欎嬌鐢?/span>rdf:about?
褰撲綘鎯充粙緇嶄竴涓祫婧愶紝騫舵彁渚涗竴緋誨垪鍏充簬榪欎釜璧勬簮鐨勬渶鍒濅俊鎭殑鏃跺欎嬌鐢?/span>rdf:ID錛涘綋浣犳兂鎵╁睍鍏充簬榪欎釜璧勬簮鐨勪俊鎭椂錛屼嬌鐢?/span>rdf:about銆?/span>RDF鐨勫師鐞嗗拰Web鐨勫師鐞嗕竴鏍鳳細鏃犺浠涔堜漢錛屾棤璁轟粈涔堝湴鏂癸紝鏃犺浠涔堟椂闂撮兘鑳芥彁渚涘叧浜庤祫婧愮殑淇℃伅銆?/span>
瑙i噴RDF
<?xml version="1.0"?>
<River xmlns="http://www.geodesy.org/river#">
<name>Yangtze</name>
<length>6300 kilometers</length>
<startingLocation>western China's Qinghai-Tibet Plateau</startingLocation>
<endingLocation>East China Sea</endingLocation>
</River>
浠ヤ笂RDF鏂囦歡鐞嗚В濡備笅錛氳繖鏄竴涓?/span>River綾葷殑瀹炰緥銆傚叾鍚嶄負Yangtze錛岄暱6300鍗冪背錛岃搗婧愬湴浣嶈タ閮ㄩ潚嫻鳳紝緇撴潫鍦扮偣涓轟腑鍥戒笢嫻楓傛RDF鏂囨。鐨勮祫婧愭槸鍖垮悕鐨勶紝瀹冩病鏈夎瘑鍒銆?/span>
rdf:Bag綾誨瀷錛?/span>琛ㄧず涓涓湭鎺掑簭鐨勯泦鍚堛傚錛?/span>
<?xml version="1.0"?>
<Meeting rdf:ID="XML-Design-Pattern"
xmlns:rdf="http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#"
xmlns="http://www.business.org#">
<attendees>
<rdf:Bag>
<name>John Smith</name>
<name>Sally Jones</name>
</rdf:Bag>
</attendees>
</Meeting>
rdf:Alt綾誨瀷錛?/span>琛ㄧず涓緋誨垪渚涢夋嫨鐨勫簭鍒椼傚錛?/span>
<?xml version="1.0"?>
<Retailer rdf:ID="BarnesAndNoble"
xmlns:rdf="http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#"
xmlns="http://www.retailers.org#">
<webLocation>
<rdf:Alt>
<url>http://www.bn.com</url>
url>http://www.barnesandnoble.com</url>
</rdf:Alt>
</webLocation>
</Retailer>
rdf:Seq綾誨瀷錛?/span>鐢ㄤ綔琛ㄧず欏哄簭鐨勫睘鎬с傚錛?/span>
<?xml version="1.0"?>
<ToDoList rdf:ID="MondayMeetings"
xmlns:rdf="http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#"
xmlns="http://www.reminders.org#">
<activities>
<rdf:Seq>
<activity1>Meet with CEO at 10am</activity1>
<activity2>Luncheon at The Eatery</activity2>
<activity3>Flight at 3pm</activity3>
</rdf:Seq>
</activities>
</ToDoList>
ServiceProfile錛氱被浼間簬鏈嶅姟鐨勯粍欏碉紝鎻忚堪浜嗘湇鍔℃煡璇唬鐞嗙敤鏉ュ垽鏂湇鍔℃槸鍚︽弧瓚沖畠瑕佹眰鐨勪竴緇勫睘鎬т俊鎭紝濡傛湇鍔℃彁渚涚殑鍔熻兘銆佽緭鍏ヨ緭鍑恒佹墽琛岀殑鍓嶆彁鏉′歡銆佹墽琛岀殑鍚庢灉絳夈?/span>
ServiceModel錛氭弿榪頒簡鏈嶅姟鐨勮繃紼嬫ā鍨嬶紙浣跨敤鏈嶅姟鏃舵墍娑夊強鐨勬帶鍒舵祦鍜屾暟鎹祦錛夈傚畠鎻忚堪浜嗘湇鍔℃槸濡備綍宸ヤ綔鐨勶紝鍜?/span>ServiceGrounding閰嶅悎鐢ㄤ簬鏈嶅姟鐨勮嚜鍔ㄧ粍鍚堝拰鎵ц銆?/span>
ServiceGrounding錛氬皢榪囩▼妯″瀷鐨勬弿榪板拰WSDL涓笢閫氳鍗忚鍙婃秷鎭仈緋昏搗鏉ャ傛弿榪頒簡濡備綍璁塊棶涓涓湇鍔°?/span>
鍏蜂綋鏉ヨ錛?/span>OWL-S鍩轟簬PDDL錛堜竴縐嶇敤浜庢弿榪拌鍒掗鍩熼棶棰樼殑瑙勮寖璇█錛夛紝灝?/span>Web鏈嶅姟鐪嬫垚鏄?/span>AI涓殑鍔ㄤ綔鎴栬涓猴紝鐢ㄥ弬鏁般佸墠鎻愬拰緇撴灉絳夋潵鎻忚堪涓涓湇鍔★紝鍚屾椂杈撳叆鍜岃緭鍑轟篃浣滀負鐭ヨ瘑鍨嬬殑鍓嶆彁鍜岀粨鏋溿傚湪鏈嶅姟緇勫悎瑙勫垝鏃訛紝闇瑕佸皢榪欎簺琛ㄧず緙栬瘧鎴愬悎閫傜殑鍔ㄤ綔褰㈠紡鍖栨弿榪幫紙渚嬪鐘舵佹紨綆椼傦級鐒惰岋紝瀵逛簬鏈嶅姟緇勫悎鐨勬敮鎸侊紝OWL-S浠嶆湁涓嶈凍銆傚錛?/span>OWL璇█鍩轟簬鎻忚堪閫昏緫錛屽湪琛ㄨ揪涓鑸鍒欐柟闈㈡湁灞闄愭э紝涓嶈兘寰堝ソ鍦拌〃紺虹敤鎴風殑鍋忓ソ鍜岀害鏉熴?/span>
----鍩轟簬璇箟Web鐨勬湇鍔¤嚜鍔ㄧ粍鍚堟妧鏈殑鐮旂┒
Resource Description Framework錛岃祫婧愭弿榪版鏋訛紝鏄?/span>W
涓?/span>XML涓殑鏍囪錛?/span>tags錛夌被浼鹼紝RDF涓殑灞炴э紙properties錛夐泦涔熸槸娌℃湁浠諱綍闄愬埗鐨勩備篃灝辨槸璇村瓨鍦ㄥ悓涔夎瘝鐜拌薄鍜屼竴璇嶅鎰忕幇璞°?/span>RDF鐨勬ā鍨嬩笉鍏峰瑙e喅榪欎袱涓棶棰樼殑鑳藉姏錛岃?/span>RDF Schema铏界劧鍙互涓?/span>RDF璧勬簮鐨勭殑灞炴у拰綾誨瀷鎻愪緵璇嶆眹琛紝浣嗘槸鍩轟簬RDF鐨勬暟鎹涔夋弿榪頒粛鐒跺彲鑳藉瓨鍦ㄨ涔夊啿紿併備負浜嗘秷瑙h涔夊啿紿侊紝鎴戜滑鍦ㄦ弿榪版暟鎹涔夌殑鏃跺欏彲浠ラ氳繃寮曠敤Ontology鐨勭浉鍏蟲妧鏈紝瀵硅涔夋弿榪扮粨鏋滀綔榪涗竴姝ョ殑綰︽潫銆傚垢榪愮殑鏄紝RDF(Schema)鍦ㄦ彁渚涗簡綆鍗曠殑鏈哄櫒鍙悊瑙h涔夋ā鍨嬬殑鍚屾椂錛屼負棰嗗煙鍖栫殑Ontology璇█錛?/span>OIL錛?/span>OWL錛夋彁渚涗簡寤烘ā鍩虹錛屽茍浣垮緱鍩轟簬RDF鐨勫簲鐢ㄥ彲浠ユ柟渚垮湴涓庤繖浜?/span>Ontology璇█鎵鐢熸垚鐨?/span>Ontology榪涜鍚堝茍銆?/span>RDF鐨勮繖涓鐗規(guī)т嬌寰楀熀浜?/span>RDF鐨勮涔夋弿榪扮粨鏋滃叿澶囦簡鍙互鍜屾洿澶氱殑棰嗗煙鐭ヨ瘑榪涜浜や簰鐨勮兘鍔涳紝涔熶嬌鍩轟簬XML鍜?/span>RDF鐨?/span>Web鏁版嵁鎻忚堪鍏峰浜嗚壇濂界殑鐢熷懡鍔涖?/span>
OWL鍏ㄧОWeb Ontology Language錛屾槸W
閽堝涓嶅悓鐨勯渶姹?/span>OWL鏈変笁涓瓙璇█錛屾弿榪板垪琛ㄥ涓嬶細
瀛愯璦 |
鎻忚堪 |
渚嬪瓙 |
OWL Lite |
鐢ㄤ簬鎻愪緵緇欓偅浜涘彧闇瑕佷竴涓垎綾誨眰嬈″拰綆鍗曠殑灞炴х害鏉熺殑鐢ㄦ埛銆?/span> |
鏀寔鍩烘暟錛?/span>cardinality錛夛紝鍙厑璁稿熀鏁頒負0鎴?/span>1銆?/span> |
OWL DL |
鏀寔閭d簺闇瑕佸湪鎺ㄧ悊緋葷粺涓婅繘琛屾渶澶х▼搴﹁〃杈劇殑鐢ㄦ埛錛岃繖閲岀殑鎺ㄧ悊緋葷粺鑳藉淇濊瘉璁$畻瀹屽叏鎬э紙computational
completeness錛屽嵆鎵鏈夊湴緇撹閮借兘澶熶繚璇佽璁$畻鍑烘潵錛夊拰鍙喅瀹氭э紙decidability錛屽嵆鎵鏈夌殑璁$畻閮藉湪鏈夐檺鐨勬椂闂村唴瀹屾垚錛夈傚畠鍖呮嫭浜?/span>OWL璇█鐨勬墍鏈夌害鏉燂紝浣嗘槸鍙互琚粎浠呯疆浜庣壒瀹氱殑綰︽潫涓嬨?/span> |
褰撲竴涓被鍙互鏄涓被鐨勪竴涓瓙綾繪椂錛屽畠琚害鏉熶笉鑳芥槸鍙﹀涓涓被鐨勫疄渚嬨?/span> |
OWL Full |
鏀寔閭d簺闇瑕佸湪娌℃湁璁$畻淇濊瘉鐨勮娉曡嚜鐢辯殑RDF涓婅繘琛屾渶澶х▼搴﹁〃杈劇殑鐢ㄦ埛銆傚畠鍏佽鍦ㄤ竴涓?/span>Ontology鍦ㄩ瀹氫箟鐨勶紙RDF銆?/span>OWL錛夎瘝姹囪〃涓婂鍔犺瘝姹囷紝浠庤屼換浣曟帹鐞嗚蔣浠跺潎涓嶈兘鏀寔OWL FULL鐨勬墍鏈?/span>feature銆?/span> |
涓涓被鍙互琚悓鏃惰〃杈句負璁稿涓綋鐨勪竴涓泦鍚堜互鍙婅繖涓泦鍚堜腑鐨勪竴涓釜浣撱?/span> |
“姒傚康鍖?#8221;鏄寚閫氳繃紜畾鐩稿叧鐨勬蹇碉紝瀵圭敓媧諱腑鏌愪簺鐜拌薄鐨勬娊璞″寲寤烘ā錛?#8220;鏄懼紡”鏄槑紜畾涔変嬌鐢ㄧ殑姒傚康綾誨瀷浠ュ強瀵瑰畠浠殑浣跨敤綰︽潫錛?#8220;褰㈠紡鍖?#8221;鎸囧畾涔夌殑ontology搴旇鏄満鍣ㄥ彲璇葷殑浜嬪疄錛岃屼笉鏄嚜鐒惰璦錛?#8220;鍏變韓”璇存槑浜嗕竴涓?/span>ontology涓嶆槸涓漢縐佹湁鐨勶紝鑰屾槸鍦ㄤ竴瀹氳寖鍥村唴琚漢浠櫘閬嶆帴鍙椼?/span>
----鍩轟簬璇箟Web鐨勬湇鍔¤嚜鍔ㄧ粍鍚堟妧鏈殑鐮旂┒
鎻忚堪閫昏緫(Description Logic)錛氭槸涓縐嶅姛鑳藉己澶х殑鍩轟簬閫昏緫鐨勭煡璇嗚〃杈捐璦錛屽彲浠ョ湅鎴愭槸涓縐嶇粨鏋勫寲鐨勪竴闃墮昏緫錛屼富瑕佺敤浜庡緩妯″璞″拰綾葷殑涓板瘜灞傛緇撴瀯銆?/span>
Gruber鎻愬嚭鐨?/span>5鏉¤鍒欙細
1 鏄庣‘鎬у拰瀹㈣鎬э細ontology搴旇鐢ㄨ嚜鐒惰璦瀵規(guī)墍瀹氫箟鐨勬湳璇粰鍑烘槑紜殑銆佸瑙傜殑璇箟瀹氫箟銆?/span>
2 瀹屽叏鎬э細鎵緇欏畾瀹氫箟鏄畬鏁寸殑錛屽畬鍏ㄨ兘琛ㄨ揪鎵鎻忚堪鏈鐨勫惈涔夈?/span>
3 涓鑷存э細鐢辨湳璇墍寰楃殑鎺ㄨ涓庢湳璇湰韜殑鍚箟鏄浉瀹圭殑錛屼笉浼氫駭鐢熺煕鐩俱?/span>
4 鏈澶у崟璋冨彲鎵╁睍鎬э細鍚?/span>ontology涓坊鍔犻氱敤鎴栦笓鐢ㄧ殑鏈鏃訛紝涓嶉渶瑕佷慨鏀瑰叾宸叉湁鐨勫唴瀹廣?/span>
5 鏈灝忔壙璇猴細瀵瑰緟寤烘ā瀵硅薄緇欏嚭灝藉彲鑳藉皯鐨勭害鏉熴?/span>
----Ontology鐮旂┒緇艱堪
Web鏈嶅姟緇勫悎鎵閲囩敤鐨勫叿浣撴柟娉曞拰鎶鏈緷璧栦簬Web鏈嶅姟鎻忚堪鎵閲囩敤鐨勬柟娉曞拰鏂瑰紡銆備粠鏈嶅姟緇勫悎鐨勮搴︽潵璇達紝鏈嶅姟鎻忚堪鐨勪富瑕佸伐浣滃湪浜庨夋嫨鍚堥傜殑Web鏈嶅姟鎻忚堪璇█鍜?/span>Web鏈嶅姟妯″瀷錛屾湁鏁堝湴涓?/span>Web鏈嶅姟緇勫悎鎻愪緵蹇呰鐨勪俊鎭?/span>
Web鏈嶅姟鐨勮緭鍏ャ佽緭鍑哄弬鏁扮殑綾誨瀷淇℃伅涔?/span>Web鏈嶅姟緇勫悎鏂規(guī)硶涓湁鐫閲嶈鐨勫湴浣嶃備絾浠呬粎渚濊禆瀹冧技涔庝笉鑳界粰鍑轟竴涓紜殑Web鏈嶅姟緇勫悎銆傞氳繃瀵?/span>Web鏈嶅姟鍔熻兘鐨勭粨鏋勫寲鎻忚堪錛堝嵆Web鏈嶅姟鐨勫墠鎻愭潯浠跺強鎵ц緇撴灉錛夛紝鎴戜滑鑳藉淇濊瘉鑾峰緱鐨勭粍鍚堟湇鍔℃槸鑳藉婊¤凍鏌ヨ鐨勮姹傜殑銆傚鏈嶅姟鍔熻兘榪涜緇撴瀯鍖栨弿榪扮殑闇姹備篃鏄鑷存湰浣撳拰瑙勫垯鐨勬暣鍚堥棶棰樻垚涓哄綋鍓嶈涔?/span>Web涓殑鐮旂┒鐑偣鐨勪竴涓師鍥犮?/span>
鎬諱箣錛岃涔?/span>Web鏈嶅姟緇勫悎鐨勮嚜鍔ㄥ寲紱諱笉寮鑷姩鎺ㄧ悊錛岃屽悇縐嶅悇鏍風殑褰㈠紡鍖栫郴緇熼兘鏈夊叾鑷韓鍦ㄨ綆楀鏉傚害鍜岃〃杈捐兘鍔涗箣闂寸殑鏉冭 鍜岃冮噺銆傚浣曢夋嫨鍜岃璁′竴涓傚悎璇箟Web鏈嶅姟緇勫悎鐨勫艦寮忕郴緇燂紝鏄璦Web鏈嶅姟緇勫悎鐨勮嚜鍔ㄥ寲涓渶鏍稿績銆佹渶鍩烘湰鐨勯棶棰樸?/span>
璇箟Web鏈嶅姟緇勫悎鐨勭矑搴﹀彲鍙傜収璇箟Web鏈嶅姟鎻忚堪鍒嗕負涓変釜灞傛銆傜涓灞傛鏄湪Web鏈嶅姟杈撳叆銆佽緭鍑哄弬鏁扮殑綾誨瀷涓婅繘琛屾湇鍔$粍鍚堬紝璇ュ眰嬈′腑鐨勬帹鐞嗗璞″彧娑夊強鍒?/span>OWL涓殑綾伙紝璇箟Web鍒氬ソ鑳藉婊¤凍瀹冨鎺ㄧ悊鑳藉姏鐨勮姹傘傜浜屽眰嬈′笂鍦?/span>Web鏈嶅姟鎵ц鐨勫墠鎻愭潯浠跺拰緇撴瀯涓婅繘琛屾湇鍔$粍鍚堬紝璇ュ眰嬈¢氬父瑕佸熷姪浜?/span>OWL涔嬪鐨勬帹鐞嗘満鍒訛紝姣斿婕旂粠瑙勫垯緋葷粺錛屼絾鏄?/span>OWL鍜屾紨緇庤鍒欑郴緇熺殑緇撳悎甯稿父瀵艱嚧鏈嶅姟緇勫悎綆楁硶涓嶅彲鍒ゅ畾銆傜涓変釜灞傛鏄湪Web鏈嶅姟澶栧寘琛屼負涓婅繘琛屾湇鍔$粍鍚堬紝瀹冩墍閲囩敤鐨勬柟娉曟垨鏄熼壌鎴栨槸鐩存帴鍙栬嚜鏈嶅姟楠岃瘉棰嗗煙鐨勫伐浣滐紝浣嗛氬父鎴戜滑騫朵笉浼氬崟鐙湴鍦ㄨ繖涓眰嬈′笂榪涜鏈嶅姟緇勫悎錛岃屾槸鎶婂畠褰撲綔鍓嶉潰鐨勪袱涓眰嬈′笂鐨勬湇鍔$粍鍚堟柟娉曠殑鏈夋晥琛ュ厖銆?/span>
----璇箟Web鏈嶅姟鐨勮嚜鍔ㄧ粍鍚堟柟娉曪細鐮旂┒緇艱堪
Web鏈嶅姟緇勫悎鏂規(guī)硶鐨勭爺絀跺伐浣滀富瑕佹潵鑷袱涓鍩燂細涓涓槸浜哄伐鏅鴻兘棰嗗煙錛屽彟涓涓槸褰㈠紡鍖栨柟娉曞拰鑷姩鎺ㄧ悊棰嗗煙銆備漢宸ユ櫤鑳介鍩熺殑鐮旂┒浜哄憳浠庝漢宸ユ櫤鑳借鍒掞紙AI Planning錛夌殑瑙掑害鎻愬嚭涓緋誨垪鐨勯潰鍚?/span>Web鏈嶅姟鍔熻兘鐨?/span>Web鏈嶅姟緇勫悎錛堣鍒掞級鏂規(guī)銆傛潵鑷艦寮忓寲鏂規(guī)硶鍜岃嚜鍔ㄦ帹鐞嗛鍩熺殑宸ヤ綔闄や簡闈㈠悜Web鏈嶅姟琛屼負鐨勬湇鍔$粍鍚堬紙楠岃瘉錛夋柟娉曪紝涔熶笉涔忓熼壌鑷姩鍖栫▼搴忕患鍚堝拰妯″瀷媯楠岀殑鏂規(guī)硶銆?/span>
浜哄伐鏅鴻兘瑙勫垝緇勫悎鏂規(guī)硶鐨勪笉瓚籌細
1 鏃犳硶浜х敓鑳藉涓?/span>Web鏈嶅姟鐨勯潪紜畾鎬у拰騫跺彂鎬х浉閫傚簲鐨勭粍鍚堟湇鍔°?/span>
2 Web鏈嶅姟鐨勮涓虹壒鎬у拰緇忓吀瑙勫垝涓殑鍔ㄤ綔鐨勮涓虹壒寰佹槸闈炲父涓嶄竴鏍風殑錛岃繖浣垮緱瑙勫垝綆楁硶闅句互鍦?/span>Web鏈嶅姟緇勫悎涓緱鍒板簲鐢ㄣ?/span>
鍩轟簬Web鏈嶅姟琛屼負鐨勭粍鍚堟柟娉曪細
鑳藉厠鏈嶅熀浜庝漢宸ユ櫤鑳借鍒掓柟娉曠殑涓婅堪涓嶈凍錛屼絾鏃犳硶婊¤凍鐢ㄦ埛鐨勯渶姹傘?/span>Web鏈嶅姟鐨勮涓洪氬父鍊熷姪浜庤嚜鍔ㄦ満鎴栬繘紼嬩唬鏁拌繘琛岃〃榪般傛敼榪涙柟娉曪細鎶婃秷鎭殑鍙傛暟綾誨瀷涓庨鍩熸湰浣撲腑鐨勬蹇佃仈緋昏搗鏉ワ紝騫跺湪鏈嶅姟緇勫悎鏃跺姞浠ヨ冭檻錛岄偅涔堝氨鑳戒繚璇佷駭鐢熺殑緇勫悎鏈嶅姟涓嶄粎鑳藉湪琛屼負涓婃弧瓚崇敤鎴烽渶姹傦紝鑰屼笖鍦ㄥ姛鑳戒笂涔熻兘澶熸弧瓚崇敤鎴烽渶姹傘?/span>
Web鏈嶅姟緇勫悎鍜?/span>Web鏈嶅姟鍖歸厤鐨勮仈緋繪槸闈炲父瀵嗗垏鐨勶紝濡傛灉鎶婃湇鍔$粍鍚堝綋浣滀竴涓姸鎬佹敹绱㈣繃紼嬬殑璇濓紝閭d箞鏈嶅姟鍖歸厤灝辯浉褰撲簬榪欎釜鏀剁儲榪囩▼涔嬩腑絳涢夊悎閫傜殑鍚庣戶鐘舵佺殑姝ラ銆?/span>
----鍩轟簬Ontology鐨?/span>Web鏈嶅姟緇勫悎鏂規(guī)硶
Void *ptr; // 灝?/span> ptr 澹版槑涓轟竴涓氱敤鎸囬拡錛屼絾娌℃湁鎸囧畾瀹冩寚鍚戠殑涓滆タ銆?/span>
Void 鎸囬拡鏈甯歌鐨勭敤閫旀槸鐢ㄤ簬澹版槑鍑芥暟鐨勫弬鏁般備綘鍙兘浼氬笇鏈涗綘鐨勪竴涓嚱鏁拌兘澶熷鐞嗕笉鍚岀殑綾誨瀷鐨勫弬鏁幫紝鍙互灝?/span> int 鍙橀噺浼犻掔粰瀹冿紝涔熷彲浠ュ皢 float 鍙橀噺浼犵粰瀹冿紝絳夌瓑銆傝繖鏍風殑鎯呭喌涓嬶紝浣犲彲浠ュ皢鍑芥暟澹版槑涓烘帴鍙?/span> void 鎸囬拡浣滀負鍙傛暟錛屽垯瀹冨彲浠ユ帴鍙椾換浣曠被鍨嬬殑鏁版嵁錛屽彲浠ュ皢鎸囧悜浠諱綍涓滆タ鐨勬寚閽堜紶閫掔粰璇ュ嚱鏁般傚錛?/span>
Void half(void *val);
涓嬮潰鏄竴涓緥瀛愮▼搴忥細
紼嬪簭杈撳嚭緇撴灉錛?br />20
100000
12.456000
123.044444
10
50000
6.228000
61.522222
import java.util.*;
public class CalendarTest
{聽
聽聽 public static void main(String[] args)
聽聽 {聽
聽聽聽聽聽 // 棣栧厛鏋勯犱竴涓棩鍘嗗璞★紝鎶婂畠鍒濆鍖栦負褰撳墠鐨勬棩鏈熷拰鏃墮棿錛?br />聽聽聽聽聽 GregorianCalendar d = new GregorianCalendar();
聽聽聽聽聽 int today = d.get(Calendar.DAY_OF_MONTH);//寰楀埌褰撳墠鐨勬棩鏈?br />聽聽聽聽聽 int month = d.get(Calendar.MONTH);//寰楀埌褰撳墠鐨勬湀浠?/em>
聽聽聽聽
聽聽聽聽聽 d.set(Calendar.DAY_OF_MONTH, 1); // 璁劇疆d涓哄綋鍓嶇殑榪欎釜鏈堢殑絎竴澶?br />聽聽聽聽聽 int weekday = d.get(Calendar.DAY_OF_WEEK); //寰楀埌榪欎竴澶╂槸鏄熸湡鍑狅紝濡傛灉鏄槦鏈熷ぉ鐨勮瘽錛寃eekday琚緗負1錛屼緷嬈$被鎺?/em>
聽聽聽聽聽 System.out.println("Sun Mon Tue Wed Thu Fri Sat");聽 // 鎵撳嵃鏍囬澶村拰絀烘牸浣滀負絎竴琛?/em>
聽聽聽聽
聽聽聽聽聽 for (int i = Calendar.SUNDAY; i < weekday; i++ )//鎵懼埌絎竴澶╁搴旂殑鏄熸湡鍑犵殑浣嶇疆
聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽 System.out.print("聽聽聽 ");
聽聽聽聽聽 do
聽聽聽聽聽 {聽
聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽
聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽 int day = d.get(Calendar.DAY_OF_MONTH);//鍥犱負鍓嶉潰璁劇疆浜哾涓哄綋鍓嶆湀鐨勭涓澶╋紝鎵浠ョ涓嬈″驚鐜腑day涓?
聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽
聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽 if (day < 10) System.out.print(" ");//濡傛灉澶╁皬浜?0錛屽氨鎵撳嵃涓涓┖鏍鹼紝鐒跺悗鎵撳嵃澶┿?br />聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽 System.out.print(day);
聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽 if (day == today)//濡傛灉榪欏ぉ鏄綋鐒跺氨鍦ㄥ悗闈㈡墦鍗頒釜*
聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽 System.out.print("* ");
聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽 else
聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽 System.out.print("聽 ");
聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽
聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽 if (weekday == Calendar.SATURDAY)// 濡傛灉鏄槦鏈?灝卞湪鍚庨潰榪涜鎹㈣
聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽 System.out.println();
聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽
聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽 d.add(Calendar.DAY_OF_MONTH, 1);// 鐒跺悗錛屾垜浠d鎸囧悜涓嬩竴澶?br />聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽 weekday = d.get(Calendar.DAY_OF_WEEK);//涓婁竴鍙ヤ唬鐮佽緗簡涓轟笅涓澶╃殑鏃ユ湡錛屾墍浠ヨ繖涓獁eekday涓轟笅涓澶╃殑鏄熸湡鍑?br />聽聽聽聽聽 }
聽聽聽聽聽 while (d.get(Calendar.MONTH) == month);//濡傛灉d鍦ㄥ綋鏈堜腑灝變繚鎸佸驚鐜?br />聽聽聽聽聽
聽聽聽聽
聽聽聽聽聽 if (weekday != Calendar.SUNDAY) // 鎵撳嵃鏈鍚庣殑琛?br />聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽 System.out.println();
聽聽 }
}
緇撴灉杈撳嚭:
Sun Mon Tue Wed Thu Fri Sat
聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽銆銆聽銆銆 1聽聽 聽2聽 聽 3聽聽聽 4
聽聽5聽聽聽聽 聽聽6聽聽聽聽聽聽聽 7聽聽聽聽聽聽 聽8聽聽聽聽9聽聽聽聽10* 11
聽12聽聽聽聽聽13聽聽聽聽 聽14聽 聽聽聽 15聽聽16聽 17聽 18
19聽聽聽聽聽 20聽聽聽聽 聽21聽聽 聽聽 22聽聽23聽聽24聽 25
26聽聽聽 聽 27聽聽聽 聽 28聽聽聽 聽聽29聽 30
#define LEN 20
Struct names{
Char first[LEN];
Char last[LEN];
};
Struct pnames{
Char * first;
Char * last;
};
絳旀鏄彲浠ヨ繖鏍峰0鏄庯紝浣嗘槸鍙兘浼氶亣鍒伴夯鐑︼紝浣犲緱鐞嗚В鍏跺惈涔夛紟鑰冭檻浠ヤ笅鐨勪唬鐮侊細
Struct names veep={鈥淭alia鈥? 鈥淪ummers鈥潁;
Struct pnames treas={鈥淏rad鈥? 鈥淔allingjaw鈥潁;
Printf(鈥?s and %s\n鈥?veep.first,treas.first);
銆榪欐槸涓孌墊紜殑浠g爜錛屼篃鑳芥甯歌繍琛岋紝浣嗘槸璇鋒濊冧笅瀛楃涓插瓨鍌ㄥ湪鍝噷錛熷浜?/span> Struct names 鍙橀噺 veep 鏉ヨ錛屽瓧絎︿覆瀛樺偍鍦ㄧ粨鏋勫唴閮紱榪欎釜緇撴瀯鍏卞垎閰嶄簡 40 瀛楄妭鏉ュ瓨鏀句袱涓瓧絎︿覆錛庣劧鑰岋紝瀵逛簬 Struct pnames 鍙橀噺 treas 鏉ヨ錛屽瓧絎︿覆瀛樺偍鍦ㄧ紪璇戝櫒瀛樺偍瀛楃涓插父閲忕殑浠諱綍鍦版柟錛庤繖涓粨鏋勫瓨鏀劇殑鍙槸涓や釜鍦板潃鑰屽凡錛屽湪緋葷粺涓畠鎬誨叡鍗犵敤 8 涓瓧鑺傦紟 Struct pnames 緇撴瀯涓嶄負瀛楃涓插垎閰嶄換浣曞瓨鍌ㄧ┖闂達紟瀹冨彧閫傜敤浜庡湪鍙﹀鐨勫湴鏂瑰凡緇忎負瀛楃涓插垎閰嶄簡絀洪棿錛庣畝鍗曠殑璇達紝 Struct pnames 緇撴瀯涓殑鎸囬拡搴旇鍙敤鏉ョ鐞嗛偅浜涘凡緇忓垱寤虹殑鑰屼笖鍦ㄧ▼搴忓叾浠栧湴鏂瑰凡緇忓垎閰嶈繃絀洪棿鐨勫瓧絎︿覆錛?/span>
銆鍐嶆潵鐪嬬湅榪欎釜闄愬埗鏉′歡鍦ㄤ粈涔堟儏鍐典笅鍗囩駭涓洪棶棰橈細
Struct names accountant;
Struct pnames attorney;
Puts(鈥淓nter the last name of your accountant:鈥?;
Scanf(鈥?s鈥?accountant.last);
Puts(鈥淓nter the last name of your attorney鈥?;
Scanf(鈥?s鈥?attorney.last);
銆璇硶鏂歸潰鏉ヨ錛岃繖孌典唬鐮佹病鏈夐棶棰橈紝浣嗘槸鑰冭檻涓嬫妸杈撳叆瀛樺偍鍒板摢閲屼簡錛熷浼氳甯堟潵璇達紝浠栫殑鍚嶅瓧瀛樺偍鍦?/span> accountant 鍙橀噺鐨勬渶鍚庝竴涓垚鍛樹腑錛涜繖涓粨鏋勬湁涓涓敤鏉ュ瓨鏀懼瓧絎︿覆鐨勬暟緇勶紟瀵瑰緥甯堟潵璇達紝 scanf() 鎶婂瓧絎︿覆鏀懼埌鐢?/span> attorney.last 緇欏嚭鐨勫湴鍧涓紟鍥犱負榪欐槸涓病鏈夊垵濮嬪寲鐨勫彉閲忥紝鎵鏈夎鍦板潃鍙兘鏄換浣曞鹼紝紼嬪簭灝卞彲浠ユ妸鍚嶅瓧鏀懼湪浠諱綍鍦版柟錛?/span>
銆鎵浠ワ紝鎴戜滑濡傛灉闇瑕佷竴涓粨鏋勬潵瀛樺偍瀛楃涓詫紝璇蜂嬌鐢ㄥ瓧絎︽暟緇勬垚鍛橈紟瀛樺偍瀛楃鎸囬拡鏈夊畠鐨勭敤澶勶紝浣嗕篃鏈夎涓ラ噸璇敤鐨勫彲鑳斤紟
涓轟粈涔堜嬌鐢ㄦ寚鍚戠粨鏋勭殑鎸囬拡錛?/span>
1 銆灝卞儚鎸囧悜鏁扮粍鐨勬寚閽堟瘮鏁扮粍鏈韓鏇村鏄撴搷浣滀竴鏍鳳紝鎸囧悜緇撴瀯鐨勬寚閽堥氬父閮芥瘮緇撴瀯鏈韓鏇村鏄撴搷浣?
2 銆鍦ㄤ竴浜涙棭鏈熺殑 C 瀹炵幇涓紝緇撴瀯涓嶈兘浣滀負鍙傛暟琚紶閫掔粰鍑芥暟錛屼絾鎸囧悜緇撴瀯鐨勬寚閽堝彲浠ワ紟
3
銆璁稿濂囧鐨勬暟鎹〃紺洪兘浣跨敤浜嗗寘鍚寚鍚戝叾浠栫粨鏋勭殑鎸囬拡鐨勭粨鏋勶紟
涓嬮潰鏄釜渚嬪瓙錛?br />
/* friends.c -- uses pointer to a structure */
#include <stdio.h>
#define LEN 20
struct names {
聽聽聽 char first[LEN];
聽聽聽 char last[LEN];
};
struct guy {
聽聽聽 struct names handle;
聽聽聽 char favfood[LEN];
聽聽聽 char job[LEN];
聽聽聽 float income;
};
int main(void)
{
聽聽聽 struct guy fellow[2] = {
聽聽聽聽聽聽聽 {{ "Ewen", "Villard"},
聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽 "grilled salmon",
聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽 "personality coach",
聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽 58112.00
聽聽聽聽聽聽聽 },
聽聽聽聽聽聽聽 {{"Rodney", "Swillbelly"},
聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽 "tripe",
聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽 "tabloid editor",
聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽 232400.00
聽聽聽聽聽聽聽 }
聽聽聽 };
聽聽聽 struct guy * him;聽聽聽 /* 澹版槑鎸囧悜緇撴瀯鐨勬寚閽堬紝榪欎釜澹版槑涓嶆槸寤虹珛涓涓柊鐨勭粨鏋勶紝鑰屾槸鎰忓懗
銆銆銆銆銆銆銆銆銆銆銆銆銆鐫鎸囬拡him鐜板湪鍙互鎸囧悜浠諱綍鐜版湁鐨刧uy綾誨瀷鐨勭粨鏋?/
聽聽
聽聽聽 printf("address #1: %p #2: %p\n", &fellow[0], &fellow[1]);
聽聽聽 him = &fellow[0];聽聽聽 /* 鍛婅瘔璇ユ寚閽堝畠瑕佹寚鍚戠殑鍦板潃聽 */
聽聽聽 printf("pointer #1: %p #2: %p\n", him, him + 1);
聽聽聽 printf("him->income is $%.2f: (*him).income is $%.2f\n",
聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽 him->income, (*him).income);
聽聽聽 him++;聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽 /*鎸囧悜涓嬩竴涓粨鏋?/
聽聽聽 printf("him->favfood is %s:聽 him->handle.last is %s\n",
聽聽聽聽聽聽聽聽 him->favfood, him->handle.last);
聽聽聽
聽聽聽 return 0;
}
杈撳嚭緇撴灉錛?br />address #1: 0240FEB0 #2: 0240FF04
pointer #1: 0240FEB0 #2: 0240FF04
him->income is $58112.00: (*him).income is $58112.00
him->favfood is tripe:聽 him->handle.last is Swillbelly
Press any key to continue...
聽
銆浠庤緭鍑虹湅鍑?/span>
him
鎸囧悜
fellow[0],him+1
鎸囧悜
fellow[1]
錛庢敞鎰?/span>
him
鍔犱笂
1
錛屽湴鍧灝卞姞浜?/span>
84
錛庤繖鏄洜涓烘瘡涓?/span>
guy
緇撴瀯鍗犵敤浜?/span>
84
瀛楄妭鐨勫唴瀛樺尯鍩燂紟
銆浣跨敤鎸囬拡璁塊棶鎴愬憳鐨勬柟娉曪細
1 銆 him->income 浣嗘槸涓嶈兘 him.income 錛屽洜涓?/span> him 涓嶆槸涓涓粨鏋勫悕錛?/span>
2 銆濡傛灉 him=&fellow[0], 閭d箞 *him=fellow[0] 錛庡洜涓?/span> & 涓?/span> * 鏄竴瀵逛簰閫嗙殑榪愮畻絎︼紟鍥犳錛屽彲浠ュ仛浠ヤ笅鏇挎崲錛?br /> fellow[0].income= =(*him).income 娉ㄦ剰榪欓噷蹇呴』瑕佹湁鍦嗘嫭鍙鳳紝鍥犱負 . 榪愮畻絎︽瘮 * 鐨勪紭鍏堢駭楂橈紟
聽
聽