水狐 — Fri, 06 Jan 2006 01:39:00 GMT

开始一个新的项目�ƈ�~�译和测�?BR>
�q�里��要创徏�W�一个Maven��目。我们将要用到的是Maven的原型机�Ӟ��archetype mechanism�Q�原型被定义��Z��个在所有其他性质相同的事物的原始式样或模型（archetype is defined as an original pattern or model from which all other things of the same kind are made�Q�在Maven中，一个原型是一个已�l�被使用者按需剪裁�l�合的Maven��目模板�Q�下面我们就来看一下Maven的原型机制是如何工作的�?/FONT>

ps:如果想了解什么是Archetypes误��问：
http://maven.apache.org/guides/introduction/introduction-to-archetypes.html

下面来徏立一个最��单的��目、执行下面的语句�Q?/FONT>

mvn archetype:create -DgroupId=com.maventest.pro -DartifactId=my

执行上面的语句之前请保证你已�l�联入Internet
C:\>md MavenTest
C:\>cd MavenTest
C:\MavenTest>mvn archetype:create -DgroupId=com.maventest.pro -DartifactId=my
[INFO] Scanning for projects...
[INFO] Searching repository for plugin with prefix: 'archetype'.
[INFO] org.codehaus.mojo: checking for updates from central
[INFO] artifact org.apache.maven.plugins:maven-archetype-plugin: checking for up
dates from central
Downloading: http://repo1.maven.org/maven2/org/apache/maven/plugins/maven-archet
ype-plugin/1.0-alpha-3/maven-archetype-plugin-1.0-alpha-3.pom
1K downloaded
Downloading: http://repo1.maven.org/maven2/org/apache/maven/plugins/maven-plugin
-parent/2.0-beta-1/maven-plugin-parent-2.0-beta-1.pom
6K downloaded
Downloading: http://repo1.maven.org/maven2/org/apache/maven/plugins/maven-archet
ype-plugin/1.0-alpha-3/maven-archetype-plugin-1.0-alpha-3.jar
6K downloaded
[INFO] -------------------------------------------------------------------------
---
[INFO] Building Maven Default Project
[INFO] task-segment: [archetype:create] (aggregator-style)
[INFO] -------------------------------------------------------------------------
---
Downloading: http://repo1.maven.org/maven2/org/apache/maven/maven-archetype-core
/1.0-alpha-3/maven-archetype-core-1.0-alpha-3.pom
1K downloaded
Downloading: http://repo1.maven.org/maven2/org/apache/maven/maven-archetype/1.0-
alpha-3/maven-archetype-1.0-alpha-3.pom
638b downloaded
Downloading: http://repo1.maven.org/maven2/org/apache/maven/maven/2.0-beta-1/mav
en-2.0-beta-1.pom
6K downloaded
Downloading: http://repo1.maven.org/maven2/plexus/plexus-utils/1.0.3/plexus-util
s-1.0.3.pom
970b downloaded
Downloading: http://repo1.maven.org/maven2/plexus/plexus-root/1.0.3/plexus-root-
1.0.3.pom
5K downloaded
Downloading: http://repo1.maven.org/maven2/plexus/plexus-container-default/1.0-a
lpha-6/plexus-container-default-1.0-alpha-6.pom
916b downloaded
Downloading: http://repo1.maven.org/maven2/plexus/plexus-containers/1.0.2/plexus
-containers-1.0.2.pom
471b downloaded
Downloading: http://repo1.maven.org/maven2/classworlds/classworlds/1.1-alpha-2/c
lassworlds-1.1-alpha-2.pom
3K downloaded
Downloading: http://repo1.maven.org/maven2/junit/junit/3.8.1/junit-3.8.1.pom
145b downloaded
Downloading: http://repo1.maven.org/maven2/plexus/plexus-utils/1.0.2/plexus-util
s-1.0.2.pom
740b downloaded
Downloading: http://repo1.maven.org/maven2/org/apache/maven/maven-model/2.0-beta
-1/maven-model-2.0-beta-1.pom
1K downloaded
Downloading: http://repo1.maven.org/maven2/plexus/plexus-velocity/1.0/plexus-vel
ocity-1.0.pom
943b downloaded
Downloading: http://repo1.maven.org/maven2/plexus/plexus-components/1.0/plexus-c
omponents-1.0.pom
1K downloaded
Downloading: http://repo1.maven.org/maven2/plexus/plexus-root/1.0/plexus-root-1.
0.pom
4K downloaded
Downloading: http://repo1.maven.org/maven2/commons-logging/commons-logging/1.0.2
/commons-logging-1.0.2.pom
810b downloaded
Downloading: http://repo1.maven.org/maven2/commons-collections/commons-collectio
ns/2.0/commons-collections-2.0.pom
171b downloaded
Downloading: http://repo1.maven.org/maven2/velocity/velocity/1.4/velocity-1.4.po
m
2K downloaded
Downloading: http://repo1.maven.org/maven2/velocity/velocity-dep/1.4/velocity-de
p-1.4.pom
1K downloaded
Downloading: http://repo1.maven.org/maven2/log4j/log4j/1.2.8/log4j-1.2.8.pom
145b downloaded
Downloading: http://repo1.maven.org/maven2/plexus/plexus-container-default/1.0-a
lpha-2/plexus-container-default-1.0-alpha-2.pom
170b downloaded
Downloading: http://repo1.maven.org/maven2/org/apache/maven/maven-artifact/2.0-b
eta-1/maven-artifact-2.0-beta-1.pom
711b downloaded
Downloading: http://repo1.maven.org/maven2/org/apache/maven/maven-plugin-api/2.0
-beta-1/maven-plugin-api-2.0-beta-1.pom
615b downloaded
Downloading: http://repo1.maven.org/maven2/commons-logging/commons-logging/1.0.2
/commons-logging-1.0.2.jar
25K downloaded
Downloading: http://repo1.maven.org/maven2/org/apache/maven/maven-archetype-core
/1.0-alpha-3/maven-archetype-core-1.0-alpha-3.jar
14K downloaded
Downloading: http://repo1.maven.org/maven2/plexus/plexus-velocity/1.0/plexus-velocity-1.0.jar
4K downloaded
Downloading: http://repo1.maven.org/maven2/velocity/velocity-dep/1.4/velocity-dep-1.4.jar
505K downloaded
Downloading: http://repo1.maven.org/maven2/velocity/velocity/1.4/velocity-1.4.jar
352K downloaded
Downloading: http://repo1.maven.org/maven2/commons-collections/commons-collectio
ns/2.0/commons-collections-2.0.jar
88K downloaded
Downloading: http://repo1.maven.org/maven2/log4j/log4j/1.2.8/log4j-1.2.8.jar
344K downloaded
[INFO] Setting property: classpath.resource.loader.class => 'org.codehaus.plexus
.velocity.ContextClassLoaderResourceLoader'.
[INFO] Setting property: resource.loader => 'classpath'.
[INFO] **************************************************************
[INFO] Starting Jakarta Velocity v1.4
[INFO] RuntimeInstance initializing.
[INFO] Default Properties File: org\apache\velocity\runtime\defaults\velocity.pr
operties
[INFO] Default ResourceManager initializing. (class org.apache.velocity.runtime.
resource.ResourceManagerImpl)
[INFO] Resource Loader Instantiated: org.codehaus.plexus.velocity.ContextClassLo
aderResourceLoader
[INFO] ClasspathResourceLoader : initialization starting.
[INFO] ClasspathResourceLoader : initialization complete.
[INFO] ResourceCache : initialized. (class org.apache.velocity.runtime.resource.
ResourceCacheImpl)
[INFO] Default ResourceManager initialization complete.
[INFO] Loaded System Directive: org.apache.velocity.runtime.directive.Literal
[INFO] Loaded System Directive: org.apache.velocity.runtime.directive.Macro
[INFO] Loaded System Directive: org.apache.velocity.runtime.directive.Parse
[INFO] Loaded System Directive: org.apache.velocity.runtime.directive.Include
[INFO] Loaded System Directive: org.apache.velocity.runtime.directive.Foreach
[INFO] Created: 20 parsers.
[INFO] Velocimacro : initialization starting.
[INFO] Velocimacro : adding VMs from VM library template : VM_global_library.vm
[ERROR] ResourceManager : unable to find resource 'VM_global_library.vm' in any
resource loader.
[INFO] Velocimacro : error using VM library template VM_global_library.vm : org
.apache.velocity.exception.ResourceNotFoundException: Unable to find resource 'V
M_global_library.vm'
[INFO] Velocimacro : VM library template macro registration complete.
[INFO] Velocimacro : allowInline = true : VMs can be defined inline in templates

[INFO] Velocimacro : allowInlineToOverride = false : VMs defined inline may NOT
replace previous VM definitions
[INFO] Velocimacro : allowInlineLocal = false : VMs defined inline will be glob
al in scope if allowed.
[INFO] Velocimacro : messages on : VM system will output logging messages
[INFO] Velocimacro : autoload off : VM system will not automatically reload glo
bal library macros
[INFO] Velocimacro : initialization complete.
[INFO] Velocity successfully started.
[INFO] [archetype:create]
[INFO] Defaulting package to group ID: com.maventest.pro
[INFO] artifact org.apache.maven.archetypes:maven-archetype-quickstart: checking
for updates from central
Downloading: http://repo1.maven.org/maven2/org/apache/maven/archetypes/maven-arc
hetype-quickstart/1.0-alpha-3/maven-archetype-quickstart-1.0-alpha-3.jar
5K downloaded
[INFO] ----------------------------------------------------------------------------
[INFO] Using following parameters for creating Archetype: maven-archetype-quicks
tart:RELEASE
[INFO] ----------------------------------------------------------------------------
[INFO] Parameter: groupId, Value: com.maventest.pro
[INFO] Parameter: outputDirectory, Value: C:\MavenTest\my
[INFO] Parameter: packageName, Value: com.maventest.pro
[INFO] Parameter: package, Value: com.maventest.pro
[INFO] Parameter: version, Value: 1.0-SNAPSHOT
[INFO] Parameter: artifactId, Value: my
[INFO] ResourceManager : found archetype-resources/pom.xml with loader org.codeh
aus.plexus.velocity.ContextClassLoaderResourceLoader
[INFO] ********************* End of debug info from resources from generated POM
***********************
[INFO] ResourceManager : found archetype-resources/src/main/java/App.java with l
oader org.codehaus.plexus.velocity.ContextClassLoaderResourceLoader
[INFO] ResourceManager : found archetype-resources/src/test/java/AppTest.java wi
th loader org.codehaus.plexus.velocity.ContextClassLoaderResourceLoader
[INFO] Archetype created in dir: C:\MavenTest\my
[INFO] ----------------------------------------------------------------------------
[INFO] BUILD SUCCESSFUL
[INFO] ----------------------------------------------------------------------------
[INFO] Total time: 4 minutes 39 seconds
[INFO] Finished at: Fri Jan 06 07:29:27 CST 2006
[INFO] Final Memory: 4M/7M
[INFO] ----------------------------------------------------------------------------
C:\MavenTest>

    一旦你执行后、会注意到发生了几�g事情
1、在MavenTest目录下出��C��一个名为my的新��目工程。而且里面包含一个名字�ؓpom.xml
的文件。pom.xml和src是同�U�目录�?BR>my
|-- pom.xml
`-- src
    |-- main
    |   `-- java
    |       `-- com
    |           `-- maventest
    |               `-- pro
    |                   `-- App.java
    `-- test
        `-- java
            `-- com
                `-- maventest
                    `-- pro
                        `-- AppTest.java

�q�个pom.xml文�g内容如下�Q?BR>xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0
http://maven.apache.org/maven-v4_0_0.xsd">
4.0.0
com.maventest.pro
my
jar
1.0-SNAPSHOT
Maven Quick Start Archetype
http://maven.apache.org


      junit
      junit
      3.8.1
      test


�q�里我们看到两个目录分别为应用程序源和测试源�Q�这是个标准的Maven��目布局。而这个结构布局通常都是手工创徏的�?/FONT>

[faq]
Q�Q�什么是POM�Q?BR>A�Q�Project Object Model ��目对象模型、Maven的基本单元。详�l�了解访问：
         http://maven.apache.org/guides/introduction/introduction-to-the-pom.html

2、就是Maven在首�ơ运行的时候要�q�接Internet获取相关的文件�?BR>
pom.xml文�g中的标签元素说明�Q?BR>
·project                �q�是所有pom.xml的顶�?BR>·modelVersion   �q�个元素指出POM现在使用的对象模型版本，除非开发者强制性的��Z��
                                 ��保�E�_��性而进行的必要改变、一般都是不发生变化的�?BR>·groupId               �q�个��是指出被被创徏��目的唯一标识、通常使用域名�?BR>·artifactId            �q�个元素指出了生成项目时的唯一主要的的名字、通常�q�个名字被作�?BR>                                  Jar的名字�?BR>·packaging          打包�c�d�� (e.g. JAR, WAR, EAR, etc.). �q�个不仅仅意味着打包的��品类�?BR>                                  也指��Z��一个徏造过�E�中的详�l�生命周期�?BR>·version                �q�个元素指出在项目被生成的时候的版本�Q�通常你所看到�?BR>                                  SNAPSHOT指的是开发进行的状�?BR>·name                  �q�个元素指出��目相识的名字、通常被用在Maven生成的文档中
·url                        �q�个元素指出在哪里可以找到这个项目的站点、通常也被用到Maven�?BR>                                  文档中�?BR>·description          �q�个元素��Z��的项目提供一个基本的描述�Q�通常被用在Maven生成的文
                                 档中�?BR>
下面我们��项目进行测试和�~�译
�~�译�Q?BR> 执行�Q?nbsp; mvn compile

C:\MavenTest\my>mvn compile
[INFO] Scanning for projects...
[INFO] ----------------------------------------------------------------------------
[INFO] Building Maven Quick Start Archetype
[INFO] task-segment: [compile]
[INFO] ----------------------------------------------------------------------------
[INFO] [resources:resources]
[INFO] Using default encoding to copy filtered resources.
[INFO] [compiler:compile]
[INFO] Nothing to compile - all classes are up to date
[INFO] ----------------------------------------------------------------------------
[INFO] BUILD SUCCESSFUL
[INFO] ----------------------------------------------------------------------------
[INFO] Total time: 1 second
[INFO] Finished at: Fri Jan 06 09:08:13 CST 2006
[INFO] Final Memory: 2M/5M
[INFO] ----------------------------------------------------------------------------
[INFO] Total time: 4 minutes 39 seconds
[INFO] Finished at: Fri Jan 06 07:29:27 CST 2006
[INFO] Final Memory: 4M/7M
[INFO] ---------------------------------------------------------------------------

��试�Q?BR> 执行�Q?mvn test

C:\MavenTest\my>mvn test
[INFO] Scanning for projects...
[INFO] ----------------------------------------------------------------------------
[INFO] Building Maven Quick Start Archetype
[INFO] task-segment: [test]
[INFO] ----------------------------------------------------------------------------
[INFO] [resources:resources]
[INFO] Using default encoding to copy filtered resources.
[INFO] [compiler:compile]
[INFO] Nothing to compile - all classes are up to date
[INFO] [resources:testResources]
[INFO] Using default encoding to copy filtered resources.
[INFO] [compiler:testCompile]
[INFO] Nothing to compile - all classes are up to date
[INFO] [surefire:test]
[INFO] Setting reports dir: C:\MavenTest\my\target/surefire-reports

-------------------------------------------------------
T E S T S
-------------------------------------------------------
[surefire] Running com.maventest.pro.AppTest
[surefire] Tests run: 1, Failures: 0, Errors: 0, Time elapsed: 0.015 sec

Results :
[surefire] Tests run: 1, Failures: 0, Errors: 0

[INFO] ----------------------------------------------------------------------------
[INFO] BUILD SUCCESSFUL
[INFO] ----------------------------------------------------------------------------
[INFO] Total time: 2 seconds
[INFO] Finished at: Fri Jan 06 09:07:45 CST 2006
[INFO] Final Memory: 3M/6M
[INFO] ----------------------------------------------------------------------------

�q�个时候观察一下my 下的目录�l�构。会发现生成了target 目录�Q�这个就是Maven对程序进行编译和��试而生成的目标文�g夏V�?/FONT>

��h��意这里compile和test是分别对两个�c�进行编译的。compile是对App.java�q�行�~�译�Q�而test是对AppTest.java�q�行�~�译和测试�?BR>如果单单是想�~�译AppTest.java的话可以使用下面的命令：
mvn test-compile

后面我讲下如何在eclipse导入Maven构徏的项目，待箋………�?BR>
前篇�Q?A HREF="/lvdougao/articles/26814.html">Maven 安装

水狐 2006-01-06 09:39 发表评论

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Maven 试用手记----安装